When and Where

KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 1 How, When and Where

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KSEEB Solutions For Class 8 History Chapter 1 How, When And Where

Question 1 State whether true or false:

(a) James Mill divided the Indian history into three periods-Hindu, Muslim, Christian.
(b) Official documents help us understand what the people of the country think
(c) The British thought surveys were important for effective administration.

Answer. (a) True     (b) False        (c) True

Question 2 What is the problem with the periodisation of Indian history that James Mill offers?

Answer  James Mill was a Scottish economist and political philosopher. He divided Indian history- into three periods—Hindu, Muslim and British. But this periodisation of Indian history has certain problems which are given below:

  1. We try to divide history into different periods to capture the central features of a t me, as they appear to us. But, this division of Mill does not tell us about features of a time or its central features. It only tells us about the prominent religion in different ages.
  2. This periodisation of history tells us that the period before the British rule in India was one of ‘darkness’ and the British rule in Indian territory has brought prosperity in the country. We cannot accept such conception in the present age.
  3. He refers to different periods of history as Hindu or Muslim. But, a variety of faiths existed simultaneously in these periods as well.
    We cannot characterise an age only on the basis of the religion of the rulers of the time. It means that lives of others do not matter. So, this periodisation of Indian history has certain problems.

 

KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 1 How When And Where

Question 3  Why did the British preserve official documents?

Answer The British felt that all the important documents and letters should be carefully preserved. Every type of plan, instruction, agreement, policy decision and investigation should be clearly written up. The written records can be referred to studied, analysed and debated, as and when required. It led to rise of administrative culture of memos and reports.

Question 4  How will the information historians get from old newspapers be different from that found in police reports?

Answer Actually, the police reports are made according to the policies of the government. They will never tell the historians about the atrocities committed by the government on the people. In fact, minimum loss of lives were generally shown in police reports. Police basically favours the government. Contrary to that, newspapers are impartial and they write and publish actual reports in the newspapers. They write about actual casualties, original incidents and other details. That is why historians get information from old newspapers which was different from that found in police reports.

Question 5  Do you find any differences in the nature of reporting? Explain what you observe.

Answer Both the reports have a huge difference in its nature of reporting. Source I sent to home by the Director of Intelligence shows no trouble and atrocity. It shows good governance by the colonial government However, Source 2 gives a glimose of ground reality. It describes the situation of the policemen hailed from India. They were deprived from good-quality food and low salaries.

Class 8 History KSEEB How, When And Where Notes 

Chapter 1 How, When and Where Additional Questions

Question 1 What is history?

Answer History is about the changes which occur over time.

Question 2 In how many ages has Indian history been divided by the British? Name them.

Answer Three ages: (i) Ancient age (ii) Medieval age (iii) Modern age

Question 3 When did the modern age start in India?

Answer Modem Modem age began in India in the 18th century alter the death of Aurangzeb and the advent of the British.

Question 4 Which European powers came to India during the modern age?

Answer The Portuguese, Dutch, French and the British came to India in the modem times.

Question 5 When did the modern age start in Europe?

Answer  The modem age in Europe began in the 16th century CE.

Question 6 When did the British historians start writing historical books in India?

Answer The British historians started writing historical books during the rule of the f rst Governor-General.

Question 7 Who was the first Governor-General and the last Viceroy in India?

Answer Warren Hastngs was the first Governor-General of India and Lord Mountbatten was the last Viceroy of India.

Question 8 Name some important Governor-Generals and Viceroys in India.

Answer Hastings, Wellesley, Bentinck, Dalhousie, Canring, Lawrence, Lytton, Ripon, Curzon, Harding, Irwin, Mountbatten, etc. are some important Governor-Generals and Viceroys of India.

Question 9 Who was James Mill?

Answer James Mill was a Scottish economist and political philosopher who published a massive three- volume work, A History of Bn’t/sh Inoio in 1817.

Question 10 In how many periods has James Mill divided the Indian history?

Answer James Mill has divided Indian history into three periods, i.e. Hindu, Muslim and British.

Question 11 What is the Indian classification of history b/ the British?

Answer  Indian history is divided into ancient, medieval and modern periods by the British.

Question 12 What is meant by colonisation?

AnswerThe exploitation and control over the resources of a weaker or an underdeveloped country by a powerful country to strengthen its resources is known as colonisation.

Question 13 What is meant by colonial rule?

Answer  The period of British rule in India in which people did not have equality, freedom or liberty and there was no economic growth and progress, is referred to as colonial rule.

Question 14 What sources do historians use in writing about the last 250 years of Indian
history?

Answer Historians use the official records, letters and memos in writing about the last 250 years of Indian history.

Question 15 Who are calligraphists?

Answer Those persons who are specialised in the art of beautiful writing are known as calligraphists.

Question 16 After how much time are census operations held?

Answer Census operations are held after ever/ ten years.

Question 17 What is a census survey?

Answer  A census survey prepares detailed records about the number of people in every part of the country, noting information on all socio-economic aspects.

Question 18 Name some types of surveys.

Answer  There are many types of surveys like zoological surveys, botanical surveys, anthropological surveys, archaeological surveys, census surveys, forest surveys, election surveys, etc.

Question 19 What do official records not tell us about?

Answer Official records do not tell us what the citizen of the country feel and the reasons behind the actions of the government.

Question 20 What was Britannia?

Answer Britannia was a symbol of British power and authority.

Question 21 Why were the pictures of royal people given in the advertisements of few
products?

Answer These advertisements spread the message that the given product is liked by royal people. Hence, people must buy it.

Question 22 What is the importance of the British rule in James Mill’s concept of history?

Answer  In James Mill’s concept of history, the British rule is the symbol of orogress and civilisation. The age before the British rule was completely an age of ‘darkness’.

KSEEB Class 8 History Solutions For How, When And Where 

Chapter 1 How, When and Where Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1 Why do dates become vital in history? 

Answer  The dates of the past are not important on their own. They become important because we focus j on a particular set of events as important. If our focus of study changes, then we begin to look at other issues and a new set of dates will appear significant. So, if we want to study any aspect of
history, then dates are very vital unless next aspect could be mixed in the earlier aspect.

Question 2 How were dates in history books linked to personalities?

Answer It is a true fact that dates in history- were linked to the personalities. It is so because all the dates are associated with the activities of these people, policies made by them and what they had achieved in their lives. Different dates of different personalties in Indian history-tell us about different chapters of the history of British India. In this way, dates in history books are linked to the lives of the personalities.

Questions 3 How do we write history?

Answer Whenever we write history, we categorise it into different chapters. We do this to give some coherence to each chapter. In the course of writing history, we focus on those events which aid us in forming the stories we are telling. We write history in such a way that no important event of history could be left.

Question 4 Why did the British conduct surveys? Name some surveys conducted by them?

Answer The British believed that if a country had to be administered effectively, then surveys had to be conducted property to map the entire territory. Apart from topography, soil pattern, vegetation, etc., surveys also assist in understanding the entire history of a country. Taking this advantage into consideration, the British conducted a number of surveys in various parts of India, such as archaeological, botanical, zoological, forests, revenue and census surveys, etc.

Question 5 What did the British do after their arrival in India?

Answer The British came to India as traders but they gradually became the rulers of the country. They established the r control over the society and economy of the country and collected revenue from the people for their expenses. They bought goods at cheap prices and sold their finished products at higher prices. They brought about a number of changes in values, tastes, customs and practices of the people. Moreover, they conquered whole of the country.

Question 6 Why and where did the British set up record rooms attached to all the administrative institutions?

Answer To the British, writing was important because with a written document, things could be properly- studied and debated. All administrative institutions had record rooms attached to them. The Collectorate, Village Tehs’ldar’s office, the Commissioner’s office arid the law courts had record rooms. Archives and museums were also used to preserve records.
Answer. the British, writing was important because with a written document, things could be properly- studied and debated. All administrative institutions had record rooms attached to them. The Collectorate, Village Tehs’ldar’s office, the Commissioner’s office arid the law courts had record rooms. Archives and museums were also used to preserve records

Question 7 How can we get information from the official records?

Answer The act of writing produced an administrative culture of memos, notices and reports. Letters and memos which moved from one department to another in the early years of the 19th century, are available in the archives. We can also take information from the notes and reports that the district officials prepared. Information can also be collected from the instructions and directives which were sent by officials of provincial administraton.

Question 8 How can we get information of history except official records?

Answer

  • There are other historical records other than official documents, but they are difficult to find.
  • Diaries of people, accounts of pilgrims and travellers, autobiographies of important personalities and popular booklets, which were sold in the local markets, are very important sources of history other than the official records.
  •  After the spread of printing, newspapers were published and issues were debated by the people. Leaders and reformers spread their ideas by writing, and poets and novelists expressed their feelings in their works. These are also important sources other than official records.

How, When And Where Class 8 KSEEB Questions And Answers 

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1 Explain the sources of history of modem India?

Answer History is based upon facts. That is why historians depend upon different sources for writing history. There are certain sources to get information on modem Indian history. Some of these sources are given below’:

  • Books: After the invention of the printing press in modem age, many books were published in Indian and English languages. We can get information of human progress in different fields of literature, art, history’, science, music, etc.
  • Official documents: The British Government introduced a system of writing in every department so that work could be done smoothly. Memos, letters, notes, reports, written instructions and directives which were sent from top levels to lower levels in the British rule are very important j sources of history. They provide great information to historians about the policies, events and achievements of the government.
  • Unofficial documents: Diaries of people, accounts of pilgrims and travellers, autobiographies i of important personalities, popular booklets, published newspaper, writings of leaders and i reformers, writings of poets and novelists serve as a great source of information about the  general life of the public.
  • Historical monuments: Historical monuments, built in the modem age, are living examples of history. India Gate, Parliament House, President House, Birla House and other buildings are  included in it. These monuments give us information about different aspects of architecture of  that time. In this way, these are some sources of history from which we can get information,

Question 2 What were James Mill’s views about the Asian societies?

Answer  James Mill was a Scottish ecoromist and political philosopher who published a book called A History of British Inoio. According to him, most of the Asian societies were inferior and backward. He was of the view that before the arrival of the British in the Indian scenario, Hindu and Muslim kings ruled the country. Caste taboos, superstitious practices and religious intolerance dominated the society. So, Mill felt that British rule could ‘civilise’ India.

Question 3 What is meant by ancient, medieval and modern ages?

Answer The Indian history has been divided into following three parts:

  • Ancient age: This age started with the beginning of human history and lasted till the 7th century. In this age, man was backward from all the aspects.
  • Medieval age: This age started in the 8th century and lasted till the 18th century. In other sense, this term was used to describe a society’ where the features of modem society did not exist like science, reason, liberty and equality.
  • Modern age: This age started in the 18th century’ in India and in the 16th century in Europe. Actually, modem age is associated with the growth of all the forces of modernity—science, reason, democracy, liberty and equality.

Hots Corner

Question 1  Why do we try and divide history into different periods?

Answer We try and divide history- into different periods because we want to make an attempt to understand the features of time and its nodal characteristics as they appear to us.

Question 2 Why did Mill feel that British rule could ‘civilise’ India?

Answer  Caste taboos, religious intolerance, and superstitious practices dominated the society’ in India. : Therefore, Mill felt that British rule could ‘civilise* India.

Question 3 Why did the practice of surveying become common under the colonial rule?

Answer  The British were of the view that a country had to be known properly before it could be effectively- administered. So, the practice of surveying became common during the colonial rule.

Question 4 Why do we continue to associate history with a string of dates?

Answer There is a certain reason because of which we continue to associate history with a string of dates. Earlier, history- was associated with only battles and big events involving the kings and their policies.

Historians only wrote about the year in which the king was crowned, the year in which he was married, the year in which his children were born, the year in which he fought particular wars and the year in which he died. They also wrote about the year in which the next ruler succeeded to the throne and so on. For these types of events, particular dates are necessary, and that is why dates in history continue to be important.

Explanation Of How, When And Where In KSEEB History 

Miscellaneous Questions

Tick the correct option from the choices provided:

Question1 Which of these is a part of periodisation of the Indian history?

(a) Ancient age
(b) Modem age
(c) Medieval age
(d) All of these

Answer (d) All of these

Question 2 Which of these European powers came to India in modern age?

(a) British
(b) French
(c) Dutch
(d) All of these

Ans. (d) All of these

Question 3 James Mill was an economist and political philosopher.

(a) Scottish
(b) American
(c) French
(d) Dutch

Answer. (a) Scottish

Question 4 Which of these was the first Governor-General of India?

(a) Lord Dalhousie
(b) Wamen Hastings
(c) Lord Wellesley
(b)Lord canning Warren Hastings

Answer. (b) Wamen Hastings

Question 5 When did James Mill publish his book A History of British India?

(a) 1815
(b) 1819
(c) 1817
(d) 1821

Answer (c) 1817

Question 6 Who are specialised in the art of beautiful writing?

(a) Calligraphists
(b) Biologists
(c) Geologists
(d) None of these

Ans. (a) Calligraphists

Question 7 Which of these is a type of survey?

(a) Anthropological survey
(b) Archaeological survey
(c) Census survey
(d) All of these

Answer. (d) All of these

Question 8 Which of these is a source of history of modern India?

(a) Books
(b) Historical monuments
(c) Official documents
(d) All of these

Answer (d) All of these

Question.9 Promotion of goods and commodities among the people to increase sales are known as

(a) Advertisements
(b) Calligraphy
(c) Encouragement
(d) None of these

Answer (a) Advertisements

Question.10 When did Warren Hastings become the first Governor-General of India?

(a) 1763
(b) 1783
(c) 1773
(d) 1778

Ans (c) 1773

B.Fill In The Blanks

Fill the blanks with appropriate terms in the following sentences:

  1. ________ is certainly about changes that occur over time
  2. The first Governor-General of India was_____ and the last Viceroy was _________ .
  3. Historians have usually divided Indian history into ancient,_____ and_______ periods*
  4. Many historians refer to______ period as colonial era.
  5. The British believed that_______ was important.

Answer.

  1. History
  2.  Warren Hastings, Lord Mountbatten
  3. medieval, modem
  4. British
  5. The act. of writing

C. Picture Interpretation

Question .1 Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow:

picture interpretation 1

  1.  Identify and name this building.
  2. Where is it located?
  3.  What do the locations of the National Museum and the National Archives indicate about the British?

Answers.
1. The National Archives of India
2. It is in New Delhi.
3. The location of the National Museum and the National Archives near the V ceregal Palace indicates the importance of these buildings for the British.

Question.2 Study the given picture carefully and answer the following questions

picture interpretation 2

  1. When and why did the first freedom struggle of the country take place?
  2. What do official records depict about the rebels?

Answer .

  1. The first freedom struggle of the country took place in 1857. There was no particular reason for it The British exoloited the country- ard Indians were treated as inferior’ beings. Indian states were annexed by the British in one way or the other, and several other reasons were there because of which, this mutiny broke out.
  2.  Official records say that the rebels were not freedom fighters but were looters and mutinous sepoys who shared the loot In the British representations, the rebels appear as greedy, vicious and brutal.

Part A – Our PASTS – III (History)

Part B – Resources and Development (Geography)

Part C: Social and Political Life -III (Civics)