KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 4 Labour And Employment

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 4 Labour And Employment Points To Remember

By ‘Labour’ we mean the capacity to exert physical or mental effort for the purpose of producing goods or services. The exertion of non-human animals is not called Labour. “Any exertion of mind and body undergone partly or wholly with a view to some good, other than the pleasure derived from the work is called Labour.” Alfred Marshall. The Unique features of Labour are:

1. It cannot be separated from the Labourer
2. It cannot be accumulated,
3. Its supply varies over time,
4. It is less mobile,
5. It differs in efficiency,
6. It is an active factor.

KSEEB Solutions for Class 9 Economics Chapter 4 Labour and Employment

• The size of the labour force is usually measured in terms of the number of people in the age group of 15 to 60 years.
• Generally, children below 15 years and people above 60 years of age are not considered workers.
• The structure of labour or workforce refers to the size, gender, activity and sector composition of the workers.
• Occupational composition refers to the distribution of workers by employment in farming, manufacturing, trade, services or any kind of professional activities.
• Based on conditions of employment and work, we classify workers as working in organised and unorganised sectors. The organised sector covers those enterprises which are registered by the government and have to follow its rules and regulation.
• Unemployment is a situation where a person is able to engage in work at the prevailing wage rate in the market.
• The main causes for unemployment in India are jobless growth, an increase in the labour force, inappropriate technology, dependence on agriculture, the decline of small-scale and cottage industries and low mobility of labour.

The following aspects of women’s employment may be observed

1. Marginalization of work
2. Barriers to employment
3. Economic dependence of women
4. Causal employment.

Labour And Employment Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Labour is a Hunan input in production.
2. The working age group refers to 15 to 60 years.
3. The share of female workers in the total workforce of India is about 35 per cent.
4. As economic development takes place, the share of workers in the Agriculture sector declines.
5. MGNREGA was passed in the year 2005 A D.

Discuss in groups and answer the following.

Question 1. What is the meaning of labour?
Answer: ‘Labour’ means the capacity to exert physical or mental effort for the purpose of producing goods or services.

Question 2. What is the unorganised sector?
Answer: The unorganised sector includes those small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government.

Class 9 Economics Labour and Employment KSEEB Notes

Question 3. Define unemployment.
Answer: Unemployment is a situation where a person is able to engage in work at the prevailing wage rate in the market.

Question 4. How is the unemployment rate measured?
Answer: The unemployment rate is measured by the following workforce, female workers, male workers, and urban and rural workforces.

Question 5. Explain the main causes of unemployment in India.
Answer:
The main causes of unemployment in India are:

• Jobless growth
• Increase in the labour force
• Inappropriate technology
• Dependence on agriculture
• The decline of small-scale and cottage industries
• Low mobility of labour

Question 6. What are the types of unemployment?
Answer:
The types of unemployment are:

• Urban employment
• Rural employment

Question 7. What are the objectives and functioning of MGNREGS?
Answer:
The objectives and functions of MGNREGS are:

• It provides a legal guarantee for hundred days of employment in every financial year to adult members of any rural household willing to do public work-related unskilled manual work at the statutory minimum wage.
• If the government fails to do so, then the person is given an unemployment allowance.
• NREGA covers the entire country with the exception of districts that have a hundred per cent urban population.
• The MGNREGA has also boosted access to a bank account by women as the wages are transferred electronically to the beneficiary’s account.
• It is the world’s largest anti-poverty programme.

Labour And Employment Additional Questions And Answers

Answer the following questions in 2-6 sentences each:

Question 1. Define labour according to Alfred Marshall
Answer: Any exertion of mind and body undergone partly or wholly with a view to some good, other than the pleasure derived from the work is called Labour.” Alfred Marshall

Question 2. Mention the unique features of Labour.
Answer:
The Unique features of Labour are:

• It cannot be separated from the Labourer
• It cannot be accumulated
• Its supply varies over time
• It is less mobile
• It differs in efficiency
• It is an active factor

Question 3. Which age group people are not considered as workers?
Answer: Generally, children below 15 years and people above 60 years of age are not considered workers.

Question 4. What is the structure of the workforce?
Answer: The structure of labour or workforce refers to the size, gender, activity and sector composition of the workers.

KSEEB Class 9 Economics Chapter 4 Question and Answers

Question 5. What is meant by Occupational composition?
Answer: Occupational composition refers to the distribution of workers by employment in farming, manufacturing, trade, services or any kind of professional activities.

Question 6. Define Unemployment.
Answer: Unemployment is a situation where a person is able to engage in work at the prevailing wage rate in the market.