KSEEB Solutions Class 8 Sociology Chapter 2 Culture Points To Remember
Culture and society are two faces of the same coin. Human beings’ Social, religious, political, economic and spiritual aspects are decided by culture. Culture is considered the main aspect of social change. It is considered the biological system of social tradition. The word ‘Culture’ is used in a specific sense in Sociology and Anthropology.
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Culture means the transfer of knowledge, experience, belief, value, behaviour, hierarchy, and relationship from generation to generation. Hence, culture is called a system of life and knowledge shared among a social group.
The word culture is derived from the Latin word “Colere’. ‘Colere’ means cultivate or tend in Latin.
According to E.B. Tylor, “Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, rules and regulations, traditions and any other capabilities earned by the human being as a member of society”.
According to Malinowski, “the tool created by the human being to design his aims of life is called as Culture”.
Culture is divided into material culture and non-material culture. In order to explain the unique features of culture, Ogburn divides culture into material and non-material culture. Both are human-made.
According to him, material culture is created by human beings by converting natural resources into man-made structures like houses, buildings, bridges, roads, dams, machines, production centres, industries, computers, technology and others.
Material culture is called civilisation. Material culture undergoes change swiftly. Non-material culture means human achievements.
Tradition, belief, ritual and custom, moral values, ideals, Art, literature, religion, language and many others are examples of non-material culture. Culture provides the knowledge needed for the social and physical existence of human beings.
The present and the past knowledge is stored in the form of proverbs, paintings, folksongs, and writings and passed on to the next generation either orally or by written texts.
Culture is the base of the evolution of human society. Culture is part and parcel of human society since the beginning of civilisation.
The social world of humans consists of various societies with numerous human relationships. Culture and society are two faces of the same coin. Culture makes human beings different from other animals.
Similarly, various artisans display their skills here. These displays are also cultural expressions. Many performers narrate the local versions of Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Similarly, during Republic day celebrations, the entire nation’s cultural diversity is showcased. Tableaus depicting various cultural aspects of India get displayed in our capital city. A tableau displaying the rural life of northern Karnataka is displayed along with another tableau displaying rural Rajasthan. Every year, the Republic Day celebrations showcase our unity in diversity.
Culture Exercises
Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:
- Culture means co-existence
- Customs means Cultural activities.
- Unity in diversity is found in India.
- A mutual relationship is found between culture and society.
- Culture is the Medium of transfer of ideas from generation to generation.
Culture Answer the following in a sentence:
Kseeb Solutions For Class 8 Sociology Chapter 2 Pdf
Question 1. What is culture?
Answer: Culture means the transfer of knowledge, experience, belief, value, behaviour, hierarchy, and relationship from generation to generation.
Class 8 Sociology Culture KSEEB Notes
Question 2. Give examples of cultural diversity present in your neighbourhood.
Answer: Tableaus depicting various cultural aspects of India get displayed during the republic day celebration. The groups of people who participate in fairs belong to different languages, customs and cultural groups.
Question 3. Who divided the culture into two groups?
Answer: Ogburn divides culture into material and non-material cultures.
Question 4. What is material culture?
Answer: Material culture is created by human beings by converting natural resources into manmade structures.
Example: House, buildings, bridges, roads, dams, machines, production centres, industries, computers, technology and others
Kseeb Class 8 Sociology Chapter 2 Important Questions
Question 5. What is non-material culture?
Answer: Non-material culture means human achievements.
Example: Tradition, belief, ritual and custom, moral values, ideals, Art, literature, religion, language and many others are examples of non-material culture.
Culture Answer the following in four-five sentences:
Question 1. What is a custom? Give examples.
Answer: Aspects of culture followed by a particular group of people.
Question 2. Explain cultural diversity.
Answer: Every social group has its own culture. Hence, culture is not uniform. Aspects of culture like customs, moral values, art, and belief language differ from society to society considerably. The difference is also visible in rural, urban and tribal societies. In food habits, the difference is visible when comparing south Karnataka to North Karnataka. Not only this, even people living in the same place tend to have a different culture. Achieving unity in this diversity is important.
Kseeb Class 8 Social Science Sociology Chapter 2 Exercise Answers
Question 3. Explain the features of Culture.
Answer:
Culture is abstract: The accepted way of life is carried from one generation to another generation.
Culture is social: Culture means sharing a community’s way of life, food, dress, and rituals and living with them.
Culture is Learnt: Culture does not come by birth. It is not nature made either. Children learn from teachers, form elders in the house, and they also learn from friends
Culture means co-existence: Culture ensures sharing of traditions, values, knowledge, beliefs, and other aspects necessary for human existence.
Culture is continuous: Though art, imagination, rules and regulations get formulated into a complex environment; it sustains itself with minor changes.
Culture is diverse: Every social group has its own culture. Hence, culture is not uniform. Aspects of culture like customs, moral values, art, belief, and language differ from society to society considerably.
Question 4. Culture and society are two faces of the same coin. How?
Answer: Culture and society are two faces of the same coin. Human beings’ Social, religious, political, economic and spiritual aspects are decided by culture. Culture is considered the main aspect of social change. It is considered the biological system of social tradition.
KSEEB Class 8 Sociology Chapter 2 Questions And Answers
Question 5. Explain the features of the fair.
Answer:
Fairs are the most important cultural ritual of rural societies in India.
They function as a temporary market for the neighbouring villages.
It is a place where agricultural produce is sold or bought.
They are also the widow for entertainment soon after harvest season.
People participate in the fairs irrespective of their caste, creed and language. Fairs reinforce social relationships.
They display their cultural expressions.
The groups of people who participate in these fairs belong to different languages, customs and cultural groups.
Culture Additional Questions And Answers
Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:
Question 1. The word culture is derived from the Latin word
- Colere
- Colour
- Culture
- coolere
Answer: 1. Colere
Question 2.‘Colere’ means cultivate or tend in
- English
- Latin
- Greek
- Sanskrit
Answer: 2. Latin.
Kseeb Class 8 Sociology Chapter 2 Summary And Notes
Question 3.According to Ogburn, which one among the following is material culture?
- House
- Tradition
- Belief
- Ritual
Answer: 1. House
KSEEB Sociology Chapter 2 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 4.According to Ogburn, which one among the following is non-material culture?
- Building
- Bridge
- Road
- Tradition
Answer: 4. Tradition
Culture Answer the following in a sentence:
Question 1. What is culture according to E.B. Tyler?
Answer: According to E.B. Tylor, “Culture is that complex whole which includes knowledge, belief, art, rules and regulations, traditions and any other capabilities earned by the human being as a member of society”.
Question 2. What is culture according to Malinowski?
Answer: According to Malinowski, “the tool created by the human being to design his aims of life is called Culture”.
Question 3. Which are the two types of culture?
Answer: Culture is divided into material culture and non-material culture.
Question 4. Culture makes human society unique and meaningful. Justify.
Answer: Culture indicates progress in lifestyle, music, literature, art, science and technology of any given human society. Culture makes human society unique and meaningful.
Question 5. Culture is called a system of life and knowledge shared among a social group. Justify.
Answer: Culture means the transfer of knowledge, experience, belief, value, behaviour, hierarchy, and relationship from generation to generation. Hence, culture is called a system of life and knowledge shared among a social group.
Kseeb Class 8 Sociology Chapter 2 Culture Question Answers
Question 6. Culture is abstract. Why?
Answer: Culture means the lifestyle of a social group. The accepted way of life is carried from one generation to another generation. This process of shifting remains abstract. Hence culture is abstract
Question 7. Culture is social. Why?
Answer: Culture is not personal. It means sharing a community’s way of life, food, dress, and rituals and living with them. Hence Culture is social.
Culture Answer the following in four to five sentences each:
Question 1. List out the importance of culture in human life.
Answer:
Culture is the treasure of knowledge
Culture explains situations
Culture defines Values
Culture explains behavioural models
Question 2. Differentiate between material culture and non-material culture.
Answer:
Material culture includes all those physical objects that are visible to the eyes and the tools used by human beings.
Material culture is created by human beings by converting natural resources into manmade structures like houses, buildings, bridges, roads, dams, machines, production centres, industries, computers, technology and others.
Material culture is called civilisation.
Material culture undergoes change swiftly.
Non-material culture includes thoughts, ideas, beliefs and values.
Non-material culture means human achievements.
Tradition, belief, ritual and custom, moral values, ideals, Art, literature, religion, language and many others are examples of non-material culture. Non-material culture undergoes slow to change.
Question 3. What are the features of culture?
Answer:
The features of culture are:
- Culture is abstract
- Culture is social
- Culture is Learnt
- Culture means co-existence
- Culture is continuous
- Culture is diverse
Class 8 Sociology Chapter 2 Culture Kseeb
Question 4. Culture is learnt. Why?
Answer: Culture-doesn’t come by birth. It is not nature made either. This gets formed in interactions with various members of society. This means a child receives culture through the process of socialisation. Behaviours learned through interactions with various people, discussion is called culture. Children learn from teachers, and from elders in the house, and they also learn from friends.
Solutions For Culture KSEEB Class 8 Sociology
Question 5. Culture is a treasure of knowledge. Justify.
Answer: Culture provides the knowledge needed for the social and physical existence of human beings. Animals survive and get adjusted to their natural environment with the help of instincts, Human beings have to utilise their learned knowledge in order to survive. Language is part of the culture. The future generation is guided by the present generation using language as a tool. The present and the past knowledge is stored in the form of proverbs, paintings, folksongs, and writings and passed on to the next generation either orally or by written texts:
Question 6. Culture has the capacity to strengthen human relationships. How?
Answer: People are expected to live without discrimination based on caste, creed and language. This value orientation creates a thought process. This thought process builds a set of attitudes. Hence, culture has the capacity to strengthen human relationships.
Kseeb Solutions Class 8 Sociology Chapter 2 Notes
Question 7. Culture explains behavioural models. Justify.
Answer: Culture provides aims and means to achieve them in human society. It supports those behaviours that are complementary to societal aims. Similarly, it punishes those behaviours that are against societal aims. The correction done by the teachers and elders whenever undesirable behaviour happens in children is an example of this process.
Question 8. The relationship between culture and society is mutual. Why?
Answer: Culture is the base of the evolution of human society. Culture is part and parcel of human society since the beginning of civilisation. Culture is an indivisible part of society. Human interaction is based on culture. Without human interactions, no society can be in existence. Hence, without culture, there is no society and without society, there is no culture.