KSEEB Solutions For Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 5 Greek, Roman And American Civilizations

KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 5 Greek, Roman, And American Civilizations Points To Remember

The ancient Greek was called as Hellens because their forefather was Hellens this name had come. The city-states are called as ‘Polis’ in the Greek language. The Greek language, Homer’s epic poetry, Olympic Games and Greek Gods were able to knit Greeks together.

• Athens is the capital of Attica state. Athens was an ideal democratic city-state in Greece.
• The age of Pericles is called as the Golden Age of Athens
• Athens was called as ‘The School of Hellas’ by Pericles due its contribution to art, literature, science, philosophy and other fields of knowledge flourished.
• Athens and Sparta had successfully encountered the invasion of Persian King Darius and defeated the Persian forces in the marathon battle.
• Athens state organized a federation of city-states called the “Confederacy of Delos’, that took the shape of an empire.
• Zeus is the most important God. Here is his wife. Apart from them, Greeks worshipped Apollo, Aphrodite, Ares, and other gods.
• Socrates was the teacher of Plato, and Plato was the teacher of Aristotle. Alexander, the King of Macedonia, was the illustrious student of Aristotle.
• Myron has sculpted ‘discuss throwing athlete’s sculpture called ‘Diskobolos’.
• Greek sculptors sculpted realistic human shapes.
• Polygnatus was the most famous painter of Greece.
• Pythagoras and Thales were the two stalwarts in mathematics.
• Democritus who presented the Atom theory vaguely and Anaximander who advocated the evolution of humans from fish are the important scientists.
• Hippocrates called as the ‘father of Medicine’ had mastered the method of providing medicines scientifically to human diseases is from Greece.
• The Olympics Games stand unique among these regular sports events. It started 2759 years back in Olympia.
• Greeks won the marathon battle against Persians 2500 years back.
• There are many anecdotes depicting Socrates’s intellectuality
• Socrates was the philosopher who taught the Western world to think logically. Socrates was known for intellectuality and rationality.
• Socrates told his students, “I’m not afraid of death, but I’m afraid to go against religion and truth”. On the execution, a jail attendant brought him a cup of poison. Socrates drank the poison and left his earthly abode.
• Plato was the architect of the idea of the ‘Ideal Republic’. He was disturbed by the life around him when the city of Athens was in danger.
• Plato was a staunch supporter of education and started a school named ‘The Academy’ in Athens. This became famous as the first University of Europe.
• Italy is a peninsula spreading down into the Mediterranean Sea towards the south of Europe.
• The ancient people of Rome were called as ‘Patricians’.
• The word Patrician originates from the Latin word ‘Pater’ which means ‘father.’ Romans believed Romulus and Remus as their forefathers.

Kseeb Solutions For Class 8 History Chapter 5 Greek, Roman, And American Civilizations

• The Romans’ had ‘Assembly’ and a ‘Senate’, as two political advisory institutions.
• There were two classes in Roman society the Patricians and the Plebians.
• A desire for expansion exposed the Romans into newer conflicts, hence they battled with Carthage, a coastal town in North Africa.
• Romans that had immersed themselves in their pride of status used the slaves as gladiators.
• The wrestlers of ancient Rome were called Gladiators. There were both expert and amateur wrestlers among them.
• The place where gladiators fought was called as ‘Amphitheatre’ and ‘Colosseum’. Criminals, slaves, and prisoners of war who had lost their citizenship rights were taken as gladiators.
• Julius Caesar defeated and killed his rival, Pompey. Caesar won the love of Cleopatra, the Queen of Egypt.
• Augustus’s previous name was Octavius and formed the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus.
• Augustus assumed the title of ‘Imperator’ and consolidated all power with himself and ruled.
• Caesar is called as the ‘Golden Period’ of Rome. Jesus Christ lived during his period.
• Pax Romana means the peaceful period of Rome. Vergil is Rome’s greatest poet. Aeneid was his epic poetry.
• Cicero, Seneca, and Emperor Markus Aurelius advocated Stoicism.
• Maya, Aztecs, and Inca are the ancient Columbian civilizations of America.
• The ancient Columbian civilizations of America are distinct and special like the civilizations of the old world like the Egyptian, Mesopotamian and Chinese civilizations.
• The American-Indian aborigines of the Yucatan area of Mexico are called the Mayas.
• The settlements of the Mayas included huge ceremonial centers. Around a large site named Tikal, pyramids, ‘palaces’, and courtyards have been found all around stretching one square mile.
• Texcoco isa lake in Mexico. The Aztecs built their city on an island in this lake.
• The Aztec oral literature has been translated by Spanish historians and Social scientists. These have been called has the Indian codices.
• The small islands around the island city had been converted into agricultural land. These were called ‘Chinampas’.
• The Inca Empire which flourished during the 15 and 16 centuries spread in the areas of Peru, Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina.
• The palace on the island in Lake Titicaca and the Moon Temple are two famous buildings of the Incas.
• The Sun God was the most important deity of the Incas. They believed that God Veerakocha was responsible for all creation.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

Greek, Roman, And American Civilizations Exercises

Complete the following sentences by using suitable words in the blanks:

1. The epics written by Homer are the Illiad and Odyssey
2. The Greeks referred to dictators as an oligarchy.
3. The one who laid the foundation for the study of medicine is Hippocrates
4. The first to have analyzed history were the Greeks.
5. ‘Princep’ means First Person
6. The language of the Romans in Latin
7. The Stone Sculptures of the Mayan Civilization are called Steles
8. Texcoco is a lake in Mexico.
9. The leader of the Incas was Tupac
10. The ruling deity of the Incas was The Sun God

Greek, Roman And American Civilizations Class 8 Kseeb Solutions Pdf

Answer in brief the following questions:

Question 1. Explain the contributions of Homer to Greek literature.
Answer: Homer wrote two great epics ‘Iliad’ and ‘The odyssey’ on contemporary Greeks and their socio-religious system. Iliad narrates the victory of the Greeks over Troy city and the Odyssey narrates the journey and adventures of the Greek hero Odysseus while coming back home from the victorious battle of Troy

Question 2. Name the Greek city-states.
Answer: Athens and Sparta were the two important city-states of Greece.

Question 3. Describe the features of the Roman republic.
Answer: The Romans’ had an ‘Assembly’ and a ‘Senate’, as two political advisory institutions. The Assembly was made up of all middle-aged men, whereas the Senate was an elite institution that was very influential. The Senate had the power to reject the proposals of the Assembly and the king. In the 6m century B.C.E., the monarchy was abolished and a republic was established. Around 3,a century B.C.E. the administration of the whole of Italy came under the republican states. Even under the Roman republic, the Senate and the Assembly continued as advisory institutions. The members of these institutions headed the armies during wars. They enforced the law and dispensed justice.

Question 4. Which are the civilizations of ancient Columbia?
Answer: Maya, Aztecs,s and Inca are the ancient Columbian civilizations of America.

Question 5. Who are the ‘Mayas’?
Answer: The American-Indian aborigines of the Yucutan area of Mexico are called the Mayas.

Question 6. How were the Aztec’s worshippers of Nature?
Answer: The Aztecs were worshippers of Nature. They tried to please God in many ways, one of them was human sacrifice. As the Aztec empire grew, they sacrificed more and more human beings to please the gods. It is believed that when the temple pyramid of Tenochtitlan was dedicated, around 20,000 prisoners were sacrificed.

Greek, Roman, And American Civilizations Additional Questions And Answers

Greek Civilization

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The capital of Attica state was
1)Athens
2)Sparta
3)Nunich
4)Dorith
Answer: 1) Athens

Question 2. A person who enforced inhuman laws in Athens was
1)Julius Ceaser
2)Solana
3)Augustus Ceaser
4)Draco
Answer: 4) Draco

Question 3. Greeks believed that these Gods resided on the
1)Appalachian mountain
2)Helen mountain
3)Olympus mountain
4)Himalayan mountain
Answer: 3) Olympus mountain

Class 8 History Chapter 5 Kseeb Solutions Karnataka Board

Question 4. The most important God of the Greeks is
1)Zeus
2)Hera
3)Aphrodite
4)Apollo
Answer: 1) Zeus

Question 5. The patron goddess of Athens city is
1)Apollo
2)Hera
3)Aphrodite
4)Athena
Answer: 4) Athena

Fill in the blanks with a suitable answer:

1. Greece is a peninsula in the Mediterranean Sea.
2. The Aegean Sea separates Greece from Asia Minor
3. The city-states are called as ‘Polis’ in the Greek language.
4. The rich were electing an administrator named ‘Archon.’
5. The age of Pericles is called as the Golden Age of Athens.
6. Athens was called as ‘The School of Hellas’ by Pericles .
7. The wife of God Zeus is Hera
8. Zeus’s temple is located at Olympia
9. Olympic Games held at Olympia
10. A learning institution named ey was founded by Plato
11. Aristotle founded a learning centre by name Lyceum
12. A Sculptor named Myron has Salles discuss a throwing athlete’s sculpture called Diskobolos

Answer the following questions in a sentence each:

Question 1. Name the Greek Philosophers.
Answer: Socrates and his disciple Plato were Greek philosophers.

Question 2. The ancient Greek was called as Hellens. Why?
Answer: The Greeks belong to the Indo-European race. The ancient Greek was called as Hellens. Because their forefather was Hellen this name had come. Later, the Italians called Hellenes as the Greeks.

Question 3. What is the ‘Confederacy of Delos’?
Answer: Athens state organized a federation of city-states called the ‘Confederacy of Delos’, which took the shape of an empire.

Question 4. Who wrote two great epics Iliad and the odyssey?
Answer: Homer wrote two great epics the Iliad and the odyssey

Question 5. Who is called as the ‘father of Medicine’?
Answer: Hippocrates, called as the ‘father of Medicine’had mastered the method of providing medicines scientifically to human diseases is from Greece

Question 6. Why did Athens and Sparta fight each other?
Answer: Athens state organized a federation of city-states called the ‘Confederacy of Delos’ that took the shape of an empire. This stimulated enmity between Athens and Sparta. As a result, two Peloponnesian wars were fought against Py these two states.

Kseeb Solutions For Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 5

Answer the following questions in four sentences each:

Question 1. The age of Pericles is called as the Golden Age of Athens. Why?
Answer: During the time of Pericles, art, literature, science, philosophy and other fields of knowledge flourished. As a result of this Athens was called as ‘The School of Hellas’ by Pericles. Philosophers like Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle belonged to Athens.

Question 2. How did Sparta’s city-state get a strong military strength?
Answer: Sparta, the city-state of the Darien tribe, was the military state of Greek. Boys who attained the age of seven were separated from their families and were given rigorous military training. They were recruited to the military after twelve years of training. Due to this, Sparta city-state had a strong military strength

Question 3. The Greeks had a great tradition of teaching philosophers. Justify.
Answer: The Greeks had a great tradition of teacher philosophers. Socrates was the teacher of Plato, and Plato was the teacher of Aristotle. Alexander, the King of Macedonia, was the illustrious student of Aristotle.

Question 4. Explain the contribution of Greeks to the field of Literature.
Answer: Homer, the blind poet, wrote two great epics‘Tliad’ and ‘Odyssey’.Herodotus and Thucydides are important historians.Herodotus is called the father of history. Aeschylus, Sophocles, and Euripides are important playwrights. Sophocles is the most renowned playwright who wrote the plays Oedipus the King and Antigone.

Question 5. Explain the contribution of Greeks to field of Art and Architecture.
Answer: Greeks sang using a string instrument called ‘Lyre’.Greeks excelled in music, theatre and dancing Greeks made tremendous achievements in the field of architecture, sculpture, and painting. Pericles built the Parthenon temple using white marble which is a fine example of beautiful architecture. Myron has sculpted ‘discuss throwing athlete’s sculpture called ‘Diskobolos’.Greek sculptors sculpted realistic human shapes. Polygnatus was the most famous painter of that period

Karnataka Board Class 8 History Chapter 5 Notes And Answers

Question 6. Explain the contribution of Greeks to field of Medicine.
Answer: Democritus who presented the Atom theory vaguely and Anaximander who advocated the evolution of humans from fish are the important scientists. Hippocrates called as the ‘father of Medicine’had mastered the method of providing medicines scientifically to human diseases is from Greece.

Question 7. Write a short note on Olympic Games.
Answer: The Olympic Games began in Greece in 776 BCE. The Games, which were held once every four years, were also used for the measurement of time. They used to be arranged in Olympia in the Illis area as part of the Olympic festival. This festival was celebrated in honor of the peace pact between the Illis and Pisa city-states. In the beginning, there were only running races. This race over 200 meters was called ‘stadium’. Thus the term of measurement of distance was ‘stadia’.An olive branch used to be placed on the head of the winner in the race. The Olympic Games were held for more than a thousand years.

Greek, Roman, And American Civilizations Roman Civilization

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The ancient people of Rome were called as
1)Patricians
2)Roman
3)Romulus
4)Remus
Answer: 1) Patricians

Question 2. The word Patrician originates from the Latin word ‘Pater’ which means
1)Mother
2)Father
3)Forefather
4)Foremother
Answer: 2) Father

Question 3. The war which was fought between the Romans and the Carthegens was
1)Crimean wars
2)Seven-Year Wars
3)Punic Wars
4)War of Roses
Answer: 3) Punic Wars

Question 4. The king who won the love of Cleopatra was
1)Pompey
2)Seven Year wars
3)Julius Caesar
4)War of Roses
Answer: 2) Augustus Caesar

Kseeb Class 8 History Chapter 5 Important Questions And Answers

Question 5. The encyclopedia named ‘Natural History’ was prepared by a
1)Pliny the Elder
2)Strabo
3)Ptolemy
4)Galen
Answer: 1) Pliny the Elder

Greek, Roman And American Civilizations Fill in the blanks with a suitable answer:

1. Romeison the banks ofriver Tiber
2. The places where gladiators fought were called as ‘Amphitheatre’ and ‘Colosseum’.
3. Augustus assumed the title of ‘Imperator’.
4. Pax Romana means a peaceful period of Rome.
5. Ovid has documented the mystical stories of the Greeks in his book Metamorphoses
6. The king who has edited the Galic battles in seven volumes was Julius Caesar
7. The largest building of Rome with the biggest dome was Pantheon

Explanation Of Greek, Roman, And American Civilizations KSEEB History 

Answer the following questions in a sentence each:

Question 1. Romans battled with Carthage, a coastal town in North Africa. Why?
Answer: A desire for expansion exposed the Romans to newer conflicts. Hence they battled with Carthage, a coastal town in North Africa.

Question 2. Where the Gladiators?
Answer: The Romans who had immersed themselves in their pride of status used the slaves as gladiators.

Question 3. Who is known as the Socrates of the West?
Answer: Cato is known as the Socrates of the West

Answer the following questions in four sentences each:

Question 1. How were the political arrangements of the Romans?
Answer: Rome was under the rule of a monarchy. The Romans’ had ‘Assembly’ and a ‘Senate’, as two political advisory institutions. Monarchy was abolished and a republic was established. The Senate had the power to reject the proposals of the Assembly and the king. Italy came under the republican states. Even under the Roman republic, the Senate and the Assembly continued as advisory institutions. The members of these institutions headed the armies during wars. They enforced the law and dispensed justice.

Question 2. Differentiate between Roman’s ‘Assembly’ and ‘Senate’?
Answer: The Assembly was made up of all middle-aged men, whereas the Senate was an elite institution that was very influential.

Question 3. Differentiate between the Patricians and the Plebeians.
Answer: The Patricians were the elite in society. The Patricians were landowners and formed the upper class. The Patricians controlled the Senate. The Plebeians were the common people. The Plebeians were ordinary workers, small landowners, artisans, small traders, and soldiers. The Plebeians’ rights were limited. The Plebeians were meant to pay taxes and to undergo punishment.

Greek, Roman And American Civilizations Class 8 Questions And Answers Kseeb

Question 4. Explain the condition of slaves under Roman rule.
Answer: The slaves did not have the right of citizenship. They were the private property of their owners. Slaves were also sold. There were instances when the slaves secured their freedom under special conditions. The Romans who had immersed themselves in their pride of status used the slaves as gladiators. They were amused at the combat of the gladiators from the amphitheater. A majority of the slaves and prisoners lost their lives in such games

Question 5. What are the achievements of Augusts Caesar?
Answer: Augustus’s previous name was Octavius. He formed the Second Triumvirate with Mark Antony and Lepidus. He chased away Lepidus and shared the kingdom with Antony. He defeated Antony as he sided with Cleopatra. He assumed the title of ‘Imperator’.He consolidated all power with himself and tried. The period of Augustus Caesar is called a as the ‘Golden Period’ of Rome ‘Pax Romana’ which peaceful period of Rome that was established.

Question 6. What are the achievements of Julius Caesar?
Answer: Julius Caesar won France (Gal) and England. He defeated and killed his rival Pompey. He won the love of Cleopatra, the Queen of Egypt. He declared himself as the dictator of Rome” and weakened the republic system of Rome. He developed agriculture, industry, and commerce. He implemented the Julian calendar also.

Question 7. Explain the contribution of Romans for Science.
Answer: Romans had a deep knowledge in mathematics“and Science. Delivering human babies through Caesarean operation (C-section operation), and vision correctional eye operations were done. Galen was a famous doctor of the Roman period.

KSEEB Class 8 History Chapter 5 Important Questions 

Greek, Roman, And American Civilizations The American Civilizations

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The American-Indian aborigines of the Yucatan area of Mexico are called
1)The Mayas
2)The Aztecs
3)The Incans
4)The Red Indians
Answer: 1) The Mayas

Question 2. The most advanced among the ancient American Indians were
1)The Incans.
2)The Aztecs
3)The Mayas
4)The Red Indians
Answer: 3) The Mayas

Question 3. Texcoco is a lake in
1)Canada
2)Mexico
3)Cuba
4)United States of America
Answer: 2) Mexico

Greek, Roman And American Civilizations Class 8 Summary Kseeb

Question 4. Tenochtitlan was a
1)Lake
2)River
3)City
4)Monument
Answer: 3) City

Question 5. The language which was spoken in Mexico is
1)Nahua
2)English
3)Mexica
4)Spanish
Answer: 1) Nahua

Greek, Roman And American Civilizations Fill in the blanks with a suitable answer:

1. The language of the Mayas is called Yucatec
2. The settlements of the Mayas included huge ceremonial centers.
3. The Spanish army attacked on the Aztecs under the leadership of Hernando Cortez
4. The prominent leader of the Incans was Tupae

Greek, Roman And American Civilizations Answer the following questions in a sentence each:

Question 1.Whatwas called ‘Chinampas’?
Answer: The small islands around the island city had been converted into agricultural land. These were called ‘Chinampas’

Question 2.Whatare called Olmec?
Answer: The commemorative idols depict leaders and kings. These are called Olmec.

Question 3. What are Steles?
Answer: The depictions of gods, priests, important leaders in administration and hieroglyphic writing would be carved on these pillars. Such stone figures are called Steles.

Question 4. Who is called Tenochca?
Answer: The Aztecs built their city on an island in Texcoco Lake called Tenochca

Question 5. Whom did the Mayans treat as God?
Answer: Mayans treated Rain, Soil, Wind, Sun, Moon, and Maize themselves as their gods.

Detailed Notes On Greek, Roman And American Civilizations KSEEB 

Greek, Roman And American Civilizations Answer the following questions in four sentences each:

Question 1. Why did the Europeans misunderstand Americans as Indians?
Answer: They represent the culture of the Indian aborigines of America. The countries of Medieval Europe discovered new continents in their attempts to find out a new sea-route to India. America and Australia thus discovered were misunderstood as India and their inhabitants were called Indians. Thus, the aborigines of America and Australia came to be called Indians.

Question 2. What are the physical features of the Mayas?
Answer: The Mayas were short, brown-complexioned, long-haired, and generally round-headed people.

Question 3. What was used to predict the dates of eclipses?
Answer: The Dresden Codex was used to predict the
dates of eclipses

Question 4. Explain the Indian codices.
Answer: The Aztec oral literature has been translated by Spanish historians and Social scientists. These have been called has the Indian codices.

Question 5. How was the trade organized by the Aztecs?
Answer: Trade connected Tenochtitlan with far-off places of the empire. Soldiers gave protection to the traders. Since there were no animals to carry loads, manual laborers were employed as beasts of burden to carry them. They used boats to sail in the canals while bringing the harvest from nearby farms. Their main crops were pulses, grains, pepper, fruit juices, tomato, tobacco, and cotton. Trade was carried on by barter.

Karnataka Board Class 8 Social Science Chapter 5 Textbook Solutions

Question 6. Explain the extension of the Inca Empire.
Answer: The Inca empire which flourished during the 15th and 16mcenturies spread in the areas of Peru, Ecuador, Chile, and Argentina.

Question 7. How was land shared by the Incans?
Answer: The land was divided into three parts. One part of the waste served for families. The other two parts were meant for the Sun God and the king respectively.

Question 8. Explain the religious practices of the Incans.
Answer: The Sun God was the most important deity of the Incas. They believed that God Veerakocha was responsible for all creation. According to them, the Sun God was the link between the people and God Veerakocha. This was the reason that there was a Sun Temple in all Inca centers. They worshipped objects of nature like the Moon, the Stars, and lightning, and prayed to other natural phenomena.