KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory The Company Establishes Power

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KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 2 From Trade to Territory The Company Establishes Power Text Book Questions

Question 1 Match the following:

  1. Diwani
    “Tiger of Mysore” faujdari adolot.
    Ran Channamma sipah’
  2. Tipu Sultan
    right to collect land revenue sepoy
    criminal court
    led an anti-British movement in Kitoor

Answer

  1. Diwani
    “Tiger of Mysore” foujdari adalot Ran Channamma sipah
  2. Right to collect land revenue Tipu Sultan criminal court led an anti-British movement in Kitoor sepoy

 

KSEEB Solutions For Class 8 History Chapter 2 From Trade To Territory The Company Establishes Power

KSEEB Solutions For Class 8 History Chapter 2 PDF

Question 2. Fill in the blanks:

(a)The British conquest of Bengal began with the Battle of ____________
(b)Haidar Ali and Tipu Sultan were the rulers of__________
(c)Dalhousie implemented the Doctrine of__________
(d)Maratha kingdoms were located mainly in the_____________ part of India.

Answer. (a) Plassey    (b) Mysore      (c) Lapse     (d) Western

Question 3. State whether true or false:

(a)The Mughal Empire became stronger in the eighteenth century.
(b)The English East India Company was the only European Company that traded with India.
(c)Maharaja Ranjit Singh was the ruler of Punjab.
(d)The British did not introduce administrative changes in the territories they conquered.

Answer. (a) False     (b) False      (c) True        (d) False

Question 4. What attracted European trading companies to India?

Answer. The European trading companies were looking for new lands from where they could buy goods at a very low price, and carry them back to Europe to sell at high prices. Moreover, the fine qualities of silk and cotton produced in India had a huge market in Europe. Clove, cardamom, pepper and cinnamon too were in great demand. Therefore, European trading companies were attracted towards India.

Question 5. What were the areas of conflict between the Bengal Nawabs and the East India Company?

Answer

1.The officials of the Company, who traded privately, refused to pay taxes to the Mughal Emperor. It caused enormous loss of revenue to the Bengal province.
2.The Company started to fortify its settlements. The Nawab of Bengal was against these fortifications which led to conflict between them.
3.The Nawab refused to grant concessions to the Company. He denied the Company any rights to mint their own coins. He demanded large tributes against the Company’s right to trade and ordered it to stop any fortification.
4.Bengal was deprived of a huge amount of revenue by the British who undermined the authority of the Nawab. It was refusing to pay taxes, writing disrespectful letters and trying to humiliate the Nawab and his officials. It also led to a conflict between the both.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 2 Notes

Question 6.How did the assumption of Diwani benefit the East India Company?

Answer

  1. The East India Company got Diwani rights of Bengal in 1765. It allowed the Company to use the vast revenue resources of Bengal for its advantage.
  2. From the early 18th century, the Company’s trade with India expanded. But, it was forced to buy most of the Indian goods with gold and silver imported from Britain. It was so because they had no goods to sell in India But, the revenue of Bengal increased the finance of the Company.
  3. Revenue of Bengal could be used to purchase cotton and silk textiles in India, maintain the Company troops and meet the cost of building the Company’s fort and offices at Calcutta.
  4. The Company started to strengthen its position in India with the Diwani hghts and within a short span of time, it conquered the whole of India.

Question 7. Explain the system of “subsidiary alliance”.

Answer  The subsidiary alliance system was started by Lord Wellesley in 1798 C.E He wanted to expand the British Empire in India and make the Company very powerful. It was possible only if all the native rulers and nawabs were made powerless. He took advantage of the subsidiary alliance system and brought many native rulers under’ British control.
Terms of the subsidiary alliances: Subsidiary alliances were made between the Company and the native rulers. The Company promised to give military help to the rulers who entered into subsidiary alliance with it in case of any internal or external trouble. In lieu of it, the local ruler had to accept the following terms:

  1. He had tn accept the supremacy of the Company. He was not allowed to fight a war or enter
    into any treaty with other rulers without the permission of the Company.
  2. He had to keep a battalion of English army in his state for his safety and had to pay for its expenses to the British.
  3. He had to keep an English Resident at his court.

Question 8. In what way was the administration of the Company different from that of Indian rulers?

Answer  The administration of the Company was different from that of Indian rulers in the following ways:

  1. The whole of the British Empire w>as divided into three Presidencies—Bengal, Madras and Bombay. Each of these was ruled by a Governor and the top-most authority of administration was the Governor-General.
  2. New system of justice was introduced in 1772. Every’ district was to have two courts—a criminal court and a civil court Civil courts were presided over by European district collectors. The criminal courts were still under aqazi. and a muff, but they were under the supervision of the collectors.
  3. A Supreme Court was established under the Regulating Act of 1773. A court of appeal was also set up in Calcutta.
  4. A district was under the supervision of a collector Whose main job was to collect revenue, taxes and to maintain law and order in his district with the help of judges.
    All the above features reflect British administration and they were different from those of Indian rulers.

Question 9. Describe the changes that occurred in the composition of the Company’s army.

Answer  In the early 19th century, the British introduced a uniform military culture. Soldiers were given training in the European style of warfare. Drill and discipline were also introduced to regulate their Ives. In the 18th century, the East India Company recruited peasants into their armies. This was known as the sepoy army.

From Trade to Territory: The Company Establishes Power Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question l. Who was the last powerful Mughal ruler? When did he die?

Answer  Aurangzeb was the last powerful Mughal ruler. He died in 1707 C.E.

Question 2. Why could Delhi no longer function as an effective center?

Answer  As the Mughal Empire weakened and powerful regional kingdoms emerged in different parts of the country, Delhi could no longer function as an effective center.

Question 3. When did the new power, i.e., the British emerge on the political horizon of India?

Answer  By the second half of the 18th century, the British emerged on the political horizon of India.

Question 4. How did the East India Company get the right to trade in the East?
Answer. In 1600 CE., the East India Company got a Charter from Queen Elizabeth I, the ruler of England granting it the sole right to trade with the case:.

Karnataka Board Class 8 History Chapter 2 Solutions

Question 5. Who discovered the sea route to India and when?

Answer  Vascoda Gama, a Portuguese explorer, discovered the sea route to India in 1498 CE.

Question 6. Which things were in great demand in Europe?

Answer The fine quality of cotton and silk, pepper, clove, cardamom and cinnamon produced in India were There was competition among the European companies to purchase goods. It led to increase in the prices at which goods could be purchased.

Question 7. How did the prices of the goods purchased by the Europeans increase?7. How did the prices of the goods purchased by the Europeans increase?

Answer  Vascoda Gama, a Portuguese explorer, discovered the sea route to India in 1498 CE.

KSEEB Class 8 History Chapter 2 Questions And Answers 

Question 8. What led to intense conflict between the East India Company and local rulers?

Answer  The European companies not only wanted to fortify their settlements but also wanted to carry on profitable trade. It led to an intense conflict between the East India Company and the local rulers.

Question 9. Name the rulers of Bengal who emerged after the death of Aurangzeb.

Answer Murshid Quli Khan, Alivardi Khan and Siraj-ud-Daulah were some famous rulers who emerged after the death of Aurangzeb.

Question IO. When did Siraj-ud-Daulah become the Nawab of Bengal?

Answer  Siraj-ud-Daulah became the Nawab of Bengal in 1756 CE., after the death of Alivardi Khan.

Question 11. Give one cause of the Battle of Plassey.

Answer  The fortification of Calcutta by the British was the main reason of conflict which led to the Battle of Plassey.

Question 12. Why did Mir Jafar not take part in the Battle of Plassey?

Answer  Mir Jafar did not take part in the Battle of Plassey because Robert Clive managed to secure his support by promising to make him the Nawab after crushing Siraj-ud-Daulah.

KSEEB Class 8 History Chapter 2 Important Questions

Question 13. Why did Battle of Plassey become famous?

Answer The Battle of Plassey became famous because it was the first major victory of the Company in India.

Question 14. Why was Mir Qasim installed in place of Mir Jafar?

Answer  Mir Jafar protested against the free trade and policies of the English East India Company, which is why he was replaced by Mir Qasim.

Question 15. How did the Company annex Indian states from 1757 to 1857?

Answer The Company rarely launched a direct military attack on the Indian states. Instead, it used a number of diplomatic, political and economic methods to extend its influence and annex Indian states.

Question 16. Who were known as Residents?

Answer  Residents were political or commercial agents of the British whose responsibility was to serve and protect the interests of the Company.

Question 17. Who were Haider Ali and Tipu Sultan?

Answer Haider Ali was the ruler of Mysore who ruled from 1761 to 1782 CE. After his death, his son, Tipu Sultan became the new king and ruled till 1799 CE.

Question 18. What was the ‘subsidiary force’?

Answer Subsidiary force was that force of the British which ’was kept in the kingdom of that king who had accepted the subsidiary alliance. Its main job was to protect the Nawab from internal and external aggression and protect the interests of the Company.

Question 19. How were Maratha dreams of ruling Delhi shattered?

Answer The Marathas were defeated by Ahmad Shah Abdali in 1761 C.E. in the Th rd Battle oi Panipat. Their dreams of ruling Delhi were shattered.

Question 20. What was the policy of paramountcy?

Answer Lord Hastings started the policy of paramountcy. The Company claimed that its authority w’as supreme or paramount Hence, its power was greater than that of Indian states.

Question 21. Why did the British fight the Afghan Wars?

Answer  The British wanted to consolidate their position in Afghanistan as they feared that Russia could enter India through this route. Therefore, they fought the Afghan Wars during 1838 1842.

KSEEB 8th Standard History Chapter 2 Textbook Solutions

Question 22. Which kingdoms were annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse?

Answer  Satara (1848), Sambalpur (1850), Udaipur (1852), Nagpur (1853) and Jhansi (1854) were annexed under the Doctrine of Lapse.

Question 23. What were the Presidencies?

Answer  The British territories in India were broadly divided into administrative units which were known as the Presidencies. There were three Presidencies—Bengal, Madras and Bombay.

Question 24. Who was the Peshwa?

Answer  The Peshwa was the chief leader of the Marathas. He was the military and administrative head of the Maratha Confederacy.

Question 25. When and which treaty was signed after the First Anglo-Maratha War?

Answer The First Anglo-Maratha War came to an end with the Treaty of Salbai in 1782.

Question 26. Who was Queen (Rani) Channamma?

Answer  Rani Channamma was the ruler of the small state of Kitoor in Karnataka.

From Trade to Territory The Company Establishes Power Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.What led to a fierce battle between the European trading companies?

Answer The European companies came to trade in India as Indian silk, cotton clothes, spices, etc., were in great demand in Europe. Competition among the European companies pushed up the prices at which goods could be purchased. It led to reduction of profit. There was one way to increase profit and that was by eliminating rival companies. It led to a fierce battle between the trading companies. They regularly sank each other’s ships, blocked routes and prevented rival ships from moving with supplies of goods. Trading posts were also protected with arms and fortifications.

Question 2. How did the Company try to manipulate existing privileges?

Answer The Company got a farman from the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb which granted the Company the right to trade free of duties. But, the Company wanted to get more concessions and it started to manipulate the existing privileges. The officials of the Company were carrying on private trade on the other side. They hardly paid any taxes to the government for their trade. It caused huge losses of revenue to Bengal. They even bribed the Mughal officials to get zam’rdan rights of three villages. In this way, the Company tried to manipulate existing privileges.

Question 3. Why did regional rulers refuse to grant concessions to the Company?

Answer  The regional rulers like Murshid Quli Khan, Alvardi Khan and Siraj-ud-Daulah were very powerful rulers of Bengal. They refused to grant concessions to the Company and demanded taxes for the Company’s right to trade, denied it any right mint coins and stop fortification of its settlement They accused the Company of deceit and claimed that the Company was causing huge losses of revenue to the Bengal Government. The Company was also accused of undermining the authority of the Nawab. The British were trying to humiliate the Nawab and his officials due to which regional rulers refused to grant concessions to the Company.

Class 8 History Chapter 2 From Trade To Territory KSEEB

Question 4. What were the causes of conflict between Siraj-ud-Daulah and the British?

Answer  The following causes were responsible for the conflict between Siraj-ud-Daulah and the British

  1. The Company was not paying taxes.
  2. The Company officials were writing disrespectful letters to the Nawab.
  3. The British started deploying forces in Calcutta and in spite of the refusal of the Nawab to allow them to keep their forces there, the British did not withdraw them.

Question 5. What was the significance of the Battle of Buxar in Indian history?

Answer The Battle of Buxar is more important than tie Battle of Plassey in the history of India. As a result of this battle, the British became a great political force in India. It paved, for them, the way for the conquest of more territories in India. The British consolidated their position in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa. The Nawab of Awadh, Shuja-ud-Daulah and the Mughal emperor, Shah Alam II came completely under British control.

Question 6. What were the causes of the Battle of Buxar?

Answer  Following were the causes of the Battle of Buxar:

(1) The officials of the English Company were misusing the trade concessions allowed to them by the Nawab. It resulted in decline of income of the Nawab of Bengal.
(2) Mir Qasim strengthened his army. He established an arms and ammunition factor/ and shifted his treasury from Murshidabad to Munger. The British did not like these activities of Mir Qasim.
(3) Mir Qasim also allowed the Indian traders to trade without paying any tax like the British. It increased the animosity between the British and the Nawab.

Question 7. How did the Company through Residents start to interfere in the internal matters of Indian states?

Answer  After winning the Battle of Buxar in 1764, the Company began to appoint Residents in Indian states. Residents were commercial or political agents of the Company and their job was to protect the Company’s interest. The Company through residents started to interfere in the internal matters of Indian states. They interferred in the matters of succession to the throne and appointment of administrative posts.

Question 8. How did conflict start between Tipu Sultan and the British?

Answer  Mysore became very strong under Haider Al and his son, Tipu Sultan. Profitable trade of Malabar was controlled by Mysore where the Company purchased pepper and cardamom. But, in 1785 CE, export of pepper, sandalwood and cardamon, through the ports of Mysore, was stopped by Tipu Sultan. He also disallowed local merchants to trade with the Company. He established close relations with the French in India and began to modernise his army with their help. With this, conflicts started between Tipu Sultan and the British.

Question 9. How was Tipu Sultan defeated by the British?

Answer  Tipu Sultan stopped the British trade through the ports of Mysore and established close relations j with the French people. Fie also began to modernize his army with the help of French. The British i got annoyed with this. They saw Tipu Sultan as a dangerous ruler who had to be controlled or Scrushed. Four wars with Mysore were fought (two with Haider Ali and rest with Tipu Sultan) and j only in the last battle of Seringapatam in 1799 CE., the Company emerged victorious. Tipu Sultan  was killed while defending his capital. Mysore was kept under the former ruling dynasty.

From Trade to Territory The Company Establishes Power Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.Explain the causes of the Battle of Plassey. What is the historical importance of the battle?

Answer  The Battle of Plassey was fought between the British and Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal in 1757
Following were the main causes of this battle:
1.Fortification of Calcutta (now Kolkata): The British wanted to establish their rule in Bengal. In order to strengthen their position, they started the fortification of Calcutta. Nawab Siraj-ud- Daulah did not like a foreign power to fortify any part of his kingdom.
2.Misuse of concessions: Siraj-ud-Daulah ordered the British and the French to demolish their fortifications. The French obeyed the orders of the Nawab but the British refused to do so. The Nawab could not tolerate this. He invaded a British factory situated in Kasim Bazar. The British felt insulted.
Importance: The Battle of Plassey has great historical importance. The British influence in the rich kingdom of Bengal increased as a result of this battle. Now, the Company was in a position to maintain a powerful army and with the help of this force, the Company also succeeded in ending French power in India.

Question 2.Write down the causes of the Battle of Buxar. What is the importance of this battle in history?

Answer  The Battle of Buxar took place in 1764 CE between the British and the Nawab of Bengal (Mir Qasim), Shuja-ud-Daulah, Nawab of Awadh and the Mughal emperor, Shah Alam II. The British came out victorious in the battle.
Causes: Following were the main causes of the Battle of Buxar
1.Administrative reforms of Mir Qasim: Mir Qasim was an able ruler. He could not tolerate the loot and other irregularities of the officials of the Company. He made several improvements in his administration to increase the income of his state and check corruption. He also organised his army on the European lines. All this was against the interests of the British. They, therefore, declared war against Mir Qasim.
2.Misuse of trade concessions by the Company’s officers: The Company got permission from the Nawab of Bengal for tax-free trade. But, the officials of the Company started carrying their personal goods as well as the goods belonging to Indian traders without paying any tax. As such, the income of Mir Qasim was declining. Therefore, he tried to stop this practice.
3.Permission of tax-free trade to Indian traders: The Nawab tried to check the misuse of trade rights by the British. But when he failed to do so, he permitted the Indian traders to trade freely. The Company had to suffer a great loss of money due to it, so a war against the Nawab became imminent
Historical Importance: The Battle of Buxar had great historical importance. The position of the British was strengthened in Bengal, Bihar and Orissa as a result of this war. It became easy for the British to expand their empire in India.

KSEEB Class 8 History Chapter 2 From Trade To Territory Question Answers

Question 3.Which methods were used by the British to establish and expand their empire?

Answer The British came to India as traders. But, they took advantage of the weaknesses of local rulers and established their empire. Gradually, their empire expanded in the whole of country. They used the following methods to establish and expand their rule in India:

  1. The Policy of divide and rule: There was lack of political unity in India at the time of British arrival. India was divided into a number cf small states. Their rulers used to engage in battles with each other. The British took interest in their mutual conflicts and encouraged them to fight with each other. These mutual conf ids led to weakening of the strength of local rulers who afterwards sought British protection. The British took advantage of this situation and established their rule over India.
  2. Policy of subsidiary alliance: First of all, the British adopted the policy’ of subsidiary alliance to expand their empire. This policy- was very effectively used by Lord Wellesley. States of j Hyderabad, the Maratha Confederacy, Mysore, etc., were annexed into the British Empire i through this policy.
  3. Doctrine of Lapse: The British also used the policy of Doctrine of Lapse to expand their empire, i According to this policy’, if any king died without having any male child, then his kingdom was i annexed into the British Empire. He was not even allowed to adopt a male heir. States of Jhansi, Satara, etc., were annexed following this policy.
  4. Other tactics: The British also used wars, pensions and issue of mis governance to expand their empire. Awadh was annexed into the British Empire on the issue of misgovernance. Rulers ; of Surat, Karnataka, etc., were given pensions and their states were annexed into the British Empire.

From Trade to Territory The Company Establishes Power Hots Corner

Question l. Write a note on the Lapse policy of Lord Dalhousie.

Answer  According to this doctrine, succession to the protected state depended upon the will of the British. Lord Dalhousie decided that only the natural-bom son of a king can ascend the throne. It meant that if a native ruler died without leaving a son behind, the dependent state would pass into the hands of the Brtish. On the grounds of Doctrine of Lapse, Dalhousie annexed seven dependent kingdoms into the British empire which included Nagpur, Jhansi, Jaitpur and Satara.

Question 2. How was Awadh annexed by the British?

Answer  Awadh was a very’ prosperous state. Navvab Wajid Ali Shah of Awadh always remained loyal to the British. But, the British started to interfere in his kingdom. He was forced to keep the British army in his kingdom. After some time, whole of his army was removed and was replaced with the British army. The Nawab had to maintain and bear the expenses of the entire army. All the relieved soldiers of army of the Nawab became unemployed. In 1856, the Company accused the Nawab of misgovemance and removed him. His kingdom was then annexed into the British Empire.

Question 3. How did the British become the masters of Bengal?

Answer  The British fought two battles with the Nawab of Bengal to gain control over Bengal, i.e., the Battle of Plassey and the Battle of Buxar. The Battle of Plassey took place in 1757. Siraj-ud-Daulah was the Nawab of Bengal at that time. The British, through a conspiracy, won over the confidence of Mir Jafar, the army commander of the Nawao. He remained aloof on the battlefield and thus, Siraj-ud-Daulah was defeated. After this, Mir Jafar was appointed as the Nawab of Bengal. After some time, Mir Jafar was removed and Mir Qasim was made the Nawab, but the British also turned against him after some time. A battle between the British and Mir Qasim took place at Buxar. Mir Qasim was defeated and Bengal came under the control of the British.

From Trade to Territory The Company Establishes Power Miscellaneous Questions

A. Multiple Choice Questions 

Tick the correct option from the choices provided:

Question 1. What was a farman?

(a)A royal order issued by Aurangzeb
(b)A royal edict issued by the British
(c)A verdict of rule over Bengal
(d)None of these

Answer. (a) A royal order issued by Aurangzeb

Question 2. Which Nawab of Bengal died in 1756?

(a) Siraj-ud-Daulah
(b)Mir Qasim
(c)Mir Jafar
(d)Alivardi Khan

Answer. (d) Alivardi Khan

Question 3. Which Governor-General defeated Siraj-ud-Daulah in the Battle of Plassey?

(a) Robert Clive
(b)William Bentinck
(c)Warren Hastings
(d)Lord Wellesley

Answer. (a) Robert Clive

KSEEB Class 8 Social Science Chapter 2 From Trade To Territory Exercise Answers

Question 4. Which Nawab of Bengal was defeated in the Battle of Buxar?

(a) Mir Jafar
(b)Siraj-ud-Daulah
(c)Mir Qasim
(d)Murshid Quli Khan

Answer. (c) Mir Qasim

KSEEB History Chapter 2 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 5. After which battle did the Company appoint Residents in Indian states?

(a) Battle of Plassey
(b)Battle of Buxar
(c)Battle of Awadh
(d)None of these

Answer. (b) Battle of Buxar

Question 6. Who granted the Diwani rights of Bengal to the British?

(a) Mir Qasim
(b) Murshid Quli Khan
(c) Mir Jafar
(d) Mughal Emperor

Answer. (d) Mughal Emperor

Question 7. Who was the son of Haider Ali?

(a) Tipu Sultan
(b)Mir Jafar
(c)Alivardi Khan
(d)Mir Qasim

Answer. (a) Tipu Sultan

Question 8. Which ruler of Mysore stopped the export of many things through the ports of his kingdom?

(a) Haider Ali
(b)Alivardi Khan
(c)Tipu Sultan
(d)Mir Jafar

Answer. (c) Tipu Sultan

KSEEB Class 8 History Chapter 2 Summary And Notes

Question 9. How many Mysore Wars were fought?

(a) Two
(b) Four

Answer.  (b) Four

Question 10. In which battle was Tipu Sultan defeated?

(a) Battle of Buxar
(b) Battle of Awadh
(c) Battle of Plassey
(d) Battle of Seringapatam

Answer. (d) Battle of Seringapatam

From Trade to Territory The Company Establishes Power B.Match the Following

Find and write the correct options from the given below columns:

match the following answer h2

Answer.   1.(e)    2.(b)      3. (a)      4.(c)    5.(d)

From Trade to Territory The Company Establishes Power C. Picture Interpretation

Look at the given picture and answer the following questions:

picture

1.Name the person shown in the picture.
2.Write a short note on Robert Clive.

Answer
1. The person shown in the picture is Robert Clive who became the Governor-General of India twice.
2. Robert Clive came to Madras from England in 1743 at the age of 18. He led the Company’s army in the Battle of Plassey and won that battle. He became the Governor-General of India twice. He amassed a great fortune in India through gifts and personal trade. He left India in 1767 and in that year, his fortune was worth 4,01,102 pounds. Interestingly, he was asked to remove corruption from Company in his second tenure as the Governor-General. The British Parliament, under the suspicion of his huge wealth, cross-examined him in 1772. Although, he was not found guilty, he committed suicide n 1774.

Part A – Our PASTS – III (History)

Part B – Resources and Development (Geography)

Part C: Social and Political Life -III (Civics)

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