KSEEB Solutions Class 8 Civics Chapter 10 Law and Social Justice Textbook Questions
Question 1 Talk to two workers (For example, construction workers, farm workers, factory workers, or workers at any shop) to find out if they are -receiving the minimum wages laid down by law.
Answer No doubt Minimum Wages Act is passed almost in every state. In Haryana, The Minimum Wages Act is also passed. We have talked with four-five workers but nobody is getting minimum wages fixed by the government
Qusestion.2 What are the advantages to foreign companies in setting up production in India?
Answer During the last fort)’ years, many foreign companies have established their factories in India. In the age of globalisation and liberalization. Multinational Companies came to India rapidly. The following are the advantages to foreign companies in setting up production in India.
- The main advantage to foreign companies in India is cheap labor. In comparison to Indian workers, workers of USA and other countries are paid much higher wages. In India, companies pay lower wages for more working hours
- The need to invest less in land and machinery is another advantage of foreign companies. The working conditions in India are lower, which means that fewer safety measures are required, which in turn helps in cost cutting. Less cost means more profit which is why foreign companies are coming to India.
Kseeb Solutions For Class 8 Civics Chapter 10 Law And Social Justice
Question 3 Do you think the victims of the Bhopal Gas Tragedy got justice? Discuss.
Answer.
- At the late hours of night on December 2, 1984, a toxic gas known as methyl isocyanate, or MIC as it is popularly known leaked from the Un on Carbide factor in Bhopal.
By 12.30 a.m. on December 3, toxic gas clouds enveloped the sky. - While hundreds and thousands were affected, the municipal workers claimed to have cleared at least 15,000 dead bodies n the immediate vicinity of the plant. The death toll reached around 3,589 persons by 1989.
- Thousands of people who survived, still suffer from chronic illness, vision ailments like blindness, impaired immune system, and increased incidence of cancer.
- The government represented the victims in a civil case and demanded $ 3 billion as compensation in 1985 but accepted $ 470 million in 1989.
- Survivors went to the Supreme Court but Supreme Court decided that the settlement amount would stand. In fact, it was a great injustice to the victims who got very poor compensation.
Question 4 What do we mean when we speak of law enforcement? Who is responsible for enforcement? Why is enforcement so important?
Answer.
- There are three organs of government i.e., Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary. Law-making is the main function of legislature. But merely law-making is not sufficient. Enforcement of laws are equally important.
- Without implementation, law has no value. Law is implemented by the executive.
- The executive is to see that all the laws are properly obeyed and those who break the laws are punished. For example, Minimum Wages Act has no importance unless the government (Executive) also supervises and checks that workers get their wages in accordance with the provisions of the Act and punishes those who violate the law.
Qusestion.5. How can laws ensure that markets work in a manner that is fair? Give two examples to support your answer.
Answer.
- Law is a very important factor to control the market Everything can’t be left free to decide the market situation. For example, it is very essential that Minimum Wages Act of workers must be enacted.
- Without this Act, private companies, traders, business communities, and factory owners would normally pay very less to the workers to make maximum profit.
- Due to Minimum Wages Act, the employer cannot pay less than the Minimum Wage. The interests of the consumer and producers are also protected in a market by-law.
- These laws ensure the proper relations that exist between workers, producers, and consumers and none is in a position to exploit the other. In this way, laws ensure that markets work in a manner that is fair
Law And Social Justice Class 8 Kseeb Solutions Pdf
Question 6 Imagine yourself to be a worker working in a chemical factory which has received orders from the government to move to a different site, 100 km away from the present location. Write about how your life would change.? Read out your responses in the classroom.
Answer. If my factory, where I am working, moves to a different site 100 km away from the present location, my life will be affected adversely. Either I have to lose the job or I have to shift my family near the factory. Near the factor) problem of pollution will come up and the problem of safety conditions of workers will remain unchanged.
Question 7 Write a paragraph on the various roles of the government that you have read about in this unit.
Answer. Modern sidle is a welfd sidle. On the basis of Unit V, life government performs the following functions:
- One of the major functions of the government is to ensure that public facilities are made available to everyone.
- The government should provide safe drinking water to all.
- The government should provide all facilities which are needed for the protection of the health of the people.
- The government should provide proper sanitation facilities.
- The government should enact laws and implement them properly to achieve social justice.
- The government should enact minimum Wages Act for workers.
- The government should ensure proper safety measures, good working conditions, etc.
- The government should enact new laws for the protection of environment.
- The government is responsible for setting up laws and procedures that can check pollution, clean rivers, and introduce heavy fines for those who pollute the environment
Karnataka Board Class 8 Civics Chapter 10 Question Answers
Question 8 What are the sources of environmental pollution in your area? Discuss with respect to
(a) air (b) water and (c) soil. What are the steps being taken to reduce the pollution? Can you suggest some other measures?
Answer. The major sources of environmental pollution are as follows:
- The burning of fossil fuels gives out smoke which is released into the atmosphere.
- The use of fossil fuels in automobiles like buses, cars, etc., leads to air pollution as these emit toxic gases.
- Water pollution is a major environmental problem. Large sources of pollution are liquid wastes which flow from industry, agriculture, or human wastes.
- Air pollution is caused mainly by the toxic smoke which comes out of the industries.
Steps taken to reduce the pollution
(a) The Supreme Court had ordered all public transport vehicles using diesel were to switch to compressed natural gas (C.N.G.).
(b) To adopt cleaner technologies and processes in factories, the government has to encourage and support factories to do this.
Question 9 How was environment treated earlier? What has been the change in perception? Discuss.
Answer There is much change regarding environment in the present as compared with past People were not conscious about the environment in the past. But now they are conscious about environment and taking steps to protect.
Question 10 What do you think the famous cartoonist R.K. Laxman is trying to convey in this cartoon? How does it relate to the 2006 law that you read about on page 125?
Answer It’s really cruel burdening kids like this. I had to hire that boy to help my son!
The famous cartoonist R.K. Laxman in this cartoon wants to send out the message that people should protect the rights of the children. The October 2006 law on Child Labour Prevention Act states that children below the age of 14 should not be allowed work in mines, tea shops, restaurants, etc. They are also banned from working as domestic servants ur dl Dftobus.
Law and Social Justice Text Questions
Question 1 Why do we need a law on minimum wages?
Answer. We need a law on minimum wages for ensuring that the workers are fairly remunerated.
Qusestion.2. Find out:
(a)What is the minimum wage of a construction worker in your state?
(b)Do you think the minimum wage for a construction worker is adequate, low or high?
(c)Who sets the minimum wages?
Answer.
(a) Above 200 daily.
(b) Low.
(c) Labour Ministry of the state.
Question 3 Why do you think the enforcement of safety laws is important in any factory?
Answer. The enforcement of safety laws is important in any factory for the safety of the workers and general public.
Class 8 Civics Chapter 10 Law And Social Justice Textbook Solutions Kseeb
Qusestion.4. Can you point to a few other situations where laws (or rules) exist but people do not follow them because of poor enforcement? (For example over-speeding by motorists)
Answer. Following are some examples where laws exist but people do not follow them:
- Crossing red light on the road.
- Encroachment of government land in residential and commercial areas.
- Not crossing the road from the zebra crossing.
Question.5. What are the problems in enforcement?
Answer. Problems in enforcement:
1. People are not aware of such laws or don’t follow the law deliberately.
2. Government officials don’t perform their duties sincerely and honestly.
3. Culprits generally give bribes to the government officials.
Question 6 Can you suggest some ways in which enforcement can be improved?
Answer. Yes, following are some of the ways for improving enforcement:
(1) Deployment of adequate number of enforcement staff.
(ii )Stringent punishment for violators.
(iii) Summary trials.
(iv) Offence to be made unbailable.
Question 7 A clean environment is a public facility. Can you explain this statement?
Answer. A clean environment is a public facility because it is essential for the survival of the people.
The government has to provide this at its own cost in a democratic setup.
Question 8 Why do we need new laws?
Answer. We need new laws to ensure the safety of the people.
Question 9 Why are companies and contractors able to violate environmental laws?
Answer. Companies and contractors are able to violate environmental laws because of their connivance with government officials and corruption within the judicial system.
KSEEB Class 8 Civics Chapter 10 Questions And Answers
Law and Social Justice Additional Questions (Solved)
Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1 What is meant by environment?
Answer. Environment means surroundings or conditions under which a person or thing exists and develops its characteristics.
Question 2 Do you think the minimum wage for a construction worker is adequate, low, or high?
Answer. Minimum wage for a construction worker is very low.
Question 3 What is the minimum wage for a construction worker in your state?
Answer. It is 200 per day.
Kseeb Class 8 Civics Law And Social Justice Important Questions
Question 4 Write those rights which are a part of Right to Life ?
Answer.
- Right to Health
- Right to Shelter
- Right to Education
Question 5 Who directed industries in residential areas in Delhi to close down or shift out of the city?
Answer. Delhi High Court
Question6 Which issue is brought to the forefront by Bhopal disaster?
Answer. The issue of environmental degradation.
Question 7 Why foreign companies come to India for business? Give one reason.
Answer. One reason why foreign companies come to India for business is due to availability of cheap labor.
Question 8 What do you mean by environmental degradation?
Answer. it is the deterioration of the environment both in quality and quantity. Pollution is a major cause for it
Question.9. Who sets the minimum wages?
Answer. The government sets the minimum wages.
The Indian Constitution Class 8 Civics Chapter 10 Summary And Explanation
Question 10 Why did Bhopal Gas Tragedy occur?
Answer. Bhopal Gas Tragedy occurred due to leakage of poisonous gas — Methyl Isocyanate (MIC) from the Union Carbide factory.
Question 11 Write the health problems faced by the survivors of Bhopal Gas Tragedy.
Answer. Many people faced respiratory disorders, eye problems, and other disorders. Children who survived the tragedy developed many physical and mental abnormalities.
Question 12 Why do we need a law on minimum wages?
Answer. We need a law on minimum wages so that there is no exploitation of workers by the employers or by the capitalist Minimum wages law is required for ensuring just wages and to check underpayment
Law and Social Justice Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1 What is meant by environment?
Answer.
- Environment means surroundings or conditions under which a person or thing exists and develops its characteristics.
- It is divided into the natural environment and human environment
Question 2 What is environmental degradation?
Answer. Environmental degradation refers to the deterioration of the environment both in terms of quantity and quality. If the resources are used in large quantities it leads to their depletion. If they are used in inefficient ways, it results in deterioration of the environment
Question.3. Explain the importance of social justice.
Answer. The importance of social justice is increasing day by day in a modem democratic state. Social justice is very essential for the maintenance of social harmony and peace in the society. To make democracy’ a success, social justice is very much essential.
Question 4 Discuss the articles of the Indian Constitution with regard to environment.
Answer.
- It is one of the fundamental duties of the State to protect and improve environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country.
- It is the duty of every- citizen of India to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
Question 5 What are environmental laws?
Answer. The laws passed by government regarding conservation of nature or for protection of some specific natural resources are called environmental laws. Such as Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act 1981, Environmental (Protection) Act 1986, Forest (Conservation) Act 1980, Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution Act) 1974, etc.
Question 6 Why do you think enforcement of safety laws is important in any factory?
Answer. Enforcement of safety laws is important in any factory due to the following reasons:
- Under the Right to Life, guaranteed under Art. 21 of the Indian Constitution, the government has the responsibility to ensure safety to all workers.
- Majority of the industries did not include measures to save costs and earn more profits.
Class 8 Civics Chapter 10 Law And Social Justice Worksheet And Study Material
Law and Social Justice Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1 Write a detailed note on Right to Life. Mention those rights also which have become a part of the Right to Life due to various judgments of the court.
Answer.
- Right to Life is the most important fundamental right guaranteed to every citizen under Article 21 of the Indian Constitution.
- Article 21 provides that no person shall be deprived of his life or personal liberty except according to procedure established by law.
- At present, Right to Life has become more meaningful and substantial because many other rights have become a part of Right to Life due to various judgments of the High Courts and Supreme Court. For example, injured fanner Hakim Sheikh established the Right to Health as a part of the Right to Life.
- The judiciary has also established the Right to the “enjoyment of pollution-free water and air” for full enjoyment of life ‘as part of the Right to Life.
Question 2 Write a short note on Right against Exploitation.
Answer. The Constitution of India recognises the dignity of the individual and protects him against any form of exploitation either by the state or by the privileged classes in the society. Article 23 provides that trafficking in human beings and begar (forced labor) and similar other forms of forced labor are prohibited. Article 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 in any factory, mine, or any other hazardous (dangerous) employment.
Law and Social Justice Hots Corner
Question 1 What is Social Justice? How social justice is ensured?
Answer. Social Justice means the abolition of all social inequalities and provision of equal opportunities to all individuals living in the society. Thus, Sodal Justice means that all people living in the society are equal. The people should not be treated discriminately on the basis of caste, religion, sex, etc. The government controls the activities of individuals or private companies to ensure social justice.
Question 2 Why there exist such sharp differences in safety standards across countries? And even after the disaster happened, why was the compensation to the victims so low?
Answer. There was such a sharp difference in the safety standards across the countries because of the following reasons:
- worth of an Indian worker was less in the minds of foreigners.
- One worker can easily replace another.
- Due to acute unemployment, there are many workers in India who are willing to work in unsafe
conditions in return for a wage. - Taking advantage of the workers’ vulnerability, the company ignores safety in workplaces.
- After the Bhopal Gas Tragedy, there have been regular reports of accidents in construction sites, mines, or factories because of the callous attitude of the employers.
- The compensation to victims was low because the kins of the victims and the sur\ivors are not in a position to bargain and go to court against the verdict given by the courts to them because of their poor conditions.
Law and Social Justice Miscellaneous Questions
A.Multiple Choice Questions
Tick the correct option from the choices provided:
Question 1 The world’s worst industrial tragedy took place at:
(a) Mumbai
(b) Chennai
(c)Bhopal
(d)Jaipur
Answer.(c) Bhopal
Question.2. In the Bhopal gas tragedy, how many people died?
(a) 8,000 people
(b) 5,000 people
(c) 10,000 people
(d) 25,000 people
Answer. (a) 8,000 people
Question 3 Who is responsible for the enforcement of safety laws?
(a) State
(b) Government
(c) Nation
(d) Judiciary
Answer. (b) Government
Karnataka Board Class 8 Civics Chapter 10 Important Mcqs And Notes
Question 4 Who controls the activities of private companies by making, enforcing and upholding laws?
(a) People
(b) Judiciary
(c) Society
(d) Government
Answer. (d) Government
Question 5 Which of the following right is a part of the Right to Life?
(a) Right to Equality
(b) Right to Freedom
(c) Right to Health
(d) None of these
Answer. (c) Right to Health
Question 6 Begar has been banned by the Constitution under:
(a) Article 21
(b) Article 22
(c) Article 23
(d) Article 24
Answer. (c) Article 23
Kseeb Class 8 Civics Law And Social Justice Short Notes
Question 7 Which of the following right is not a part of the Right to Life?
(a) Right to Equality
(b) Right to Freedom
(c) Right to Information
(d) None of these
Answer. (c) Right to Information
Question 8 Begaar has been banned by the Constitution under:
(a) Article 21
(b) Article 22
(c) Article 23
(d) Article 24
Answer. (c) Article 23
Law and Social Justice B. Match the Following
Find and write the correct options from the given below columns:
Answer.
1. (c)
2. (e)
3. (d
4. (a)
5. (b).
Law and Social Justice C.Picture Interpretation
Study the given picture and answer the following questions:
1 Which social evil is depicted in the picture?
Answer. The social evil depicted in the picture is child abuse.
2 Which Constitutional Act bans such practice?
Answer. The Child Labour Prevention Act bans children under 14 years of age from working as domestic servants or as workers in any institution.