KSEEB Class 10 SSLC History Chapter 8 Era of Gandhi and National Movement Notes

KSEEB Solutions for SSLC Class 10 History Chapter 8 Life of Gandhiji, Gandhiji’s Beginning Struggles In India, And The Achievements Of Gandhiji’s Inner Life

The period between 1920 and 1947 is known as the Gandian Era.
Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi (popularly called Bapu) was born on 2nd October, 1869 in Porbandar of present day Gujarat’s Kathiawar district.
Gandhiji lived in South Africa for twenty long years.
He opposed the Apartheid Policy which discriminated between the dark-skinned and pale-skinned people and invented a new tool of protest called ‘Satyagraha’. Gokhale was the political guru of Mahatma Gandhi.
He established the Sabarmati Ashram in Ahmedabad to give institutional shape to his struggles.
In 1917, Gandhiji launched the Champaran Movement in support of Indigo farmers.

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC History Chapter 8 notes

In 1918, he started a movement in support of the mill workers of Ahmedabad.

In the same year, a protest was held in Kheda village of Gujarat to oppose land taxes.
He employed ‘Passive Resistance’, ‘Non-Violence’ and ‘Satyagraha’ as his major strategies in his struggles.
The word ‘Satyagraha’ means ‘the assertion of truth’. Gandhiji firmly believed that one should face violence with Ahimsa and Satyagraha.
Gandhiji said that Hindus and Muslims are two eyes of India.

The British started controlling the nationalists by implementing the Rowlatt Act in 1919.
Gandhiji formed an association named ‘Satyagraha Sabha’ to oppose the provisions of the Act of 1919.
Gandhiji had called for one day hartal due to which various leaders were arrested in Punjab.
To protest these arrests, people peacefully gathered in Jallianwala Bagh on 13th April 1919, the Baisakhi festival day.

Era of Gandhi and National Movement SSLC History notes

General Dyer fired at the peacefully assembled crowd there and killed almost 380 protestors.
This became the reason for the launch of the Non-Cooperation Movement Gandhiji.
The Sultans of Turkey were also the religious leaders of Turkey and were known as ‘Caliphs’.
During the First World War, the British harassed the Caliph and this was protested by the Muslims worldwide.
In India, Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali started the Khilafat Movement in support of Turkey in 1919.
Gandhiji extended support to this movement.
The Congress passed a resolution to conduct Non-cooperation Movement in a special national convention held in Calcutta on 4th September 1920.

Class 10 History Chapter 8 Era of Gandhi summary

It aimed at creating awareness among common Indians regarding the misrule of the British.

As an impact of the Non-Cooperation Movement, the freedom movement of India became a people’s movement.
On 5th February 1922, a group of almost 3000 farmers assembled in front of the police station to protest against a
British officer who had beaten the Congress workers when they were protesting in front of an arrack shop.
The police started shooting from inside the police station.
Agitated by this, the Indians torched the police station and all the 22 policemen were charred to death. Similar incidents occurred in other places also.
As a result of this, Gandhiji withdrew the Non-Cooperation Movement on 12th February, 1922.
This decision of Gandhiji led to a political vacuum.
Swaraj Party was founded by Motilal Nehru and C. R. Dass.