KSEEB Class 10 SSLC History Chapter 7 Freedom Moment Notes

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC History Chapter 7 Freedom Moment Notes Rise Of Nationalism And The Indian National Congress

Before the Indian Freedom Movement, many Indian kings fought against foreign occupation, which can be regarded as the beginning of nationalism.
Indians who suffered at the hands of the British put up a strong resistance in the form of the First War of Indian Independence.
This ended the rule of the East India Company in 1858 and started the rule of the Queen of England in 1858.
Participation of the Indians in the process of legislation was provided by the Act of 1961.

As a result of all this, the educated Indian youth started sharing the idea of nationalism with common people.

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC History Chapter 7 notes

‘The Hindu Mela’, ‘All India Association’, ‘Poona Public Sabha’ and ‘The Indian Association’ were some of those important associations with nationalistic outlooks to which much Indian youth provided leadership after the First War of Indian Independence.
During the reign of Lord Lytton, the Vernacular Press Act was introduced to curb the independence of the press.
All these developments led to the formation of the Indian National Congress.
The Indian National Congress was founded in a national convention held in Bombay in 1885.

Freedom Movement SSLC History notes

W.C. Banerjee was the first President of the Indian National Congress.

A.O. Hume played an important role in the establishment of the Indian National Congress.
The British adopted the ‘Divide and Rule’ policy to break the unity emerging among the Indian people with the development of nationalism.

During the later part of the nineteenth century, differences of opinion emerged in the Indian National Congress.
Due to their ideological differences, beliefs, and styles of execution, they are identified as Moderates and Radicals.
The first twenty years of the Indian National Congress is called the Age of Moderates.

W. C. Banerjee, M. G. Ranade, Surendranath Banerjee, Dadabhai Naoroji, and Gopal Krishna Gokhale were major moderate leaders.

Class 10 History Chapter 7 Freedom Movement summary

Moderates had faith in the rule of the British and the judiciary.
They raised their demands through prayers and requests.
Moderates explained the drain of resources of India into England through scientific statistics and termed it ‘Drain Theory’.
The period of Moderates is called as the Age of Liberal Nationalism.
The period between 1885 and 1905 is called as the Age of Moderates.
Unhappy group within the Congress called the Moderates as ‘Political Beggars’.
The group of congressmen who criticized the soft stance of the Moderates are called as Radicals.
Aurobindo Ghosh, Bipin Chandra Pal, Lala Lajpat Rai, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak are the main radical members.
To suppress the anti-British sentiment in India, Lord Curzon thought of the division of Bengal in the name of administration.

KSEEB SSLC History Freedom Movement chapter explanation

The British divided Bengal in 1905.

The Indian National Congress opposed the division of Bengal.
The division of Bengal resulted into nationwide protests and the British Government withdrew the Bengal division in 1911.
Tilak declared ‘Swaraj is my birthright. I would definitely get it back.’
Muslim League was formed in 1906 to protect the Muslim identity.
Tilak published ‘Kesari’ in Marathi and ‘Maratha’ in English language.
Tilak also wrote a book titled ‘Geetharahasya’ which fuelled the freedom fervor further.
Revolutionaries dreamed of attaining complete freedom.

SSLC History Class 10 Freedom Movement important questions and answers

They established secret organizations across the country and started collecting weapons to drive the British out through armed struggle.

A secret organization named ‘Lotus and Dagger’ was formed in England.
Abhinav Bharat’ and ‘Anushilan Samiti’ were two major secret organizations in India.
Aurobindo Ghosh, V. D. Savarkar, Ashwini Kumar Datta, Rajanarayan Bose, Rajguru, Chapekar Brothers, Vishnu
Shastri, Champukar, Shyamji Krishna Varma, Rash Behari Bose, Madam Cama, Khudiram Bose, Ram Prasad Bismil,
Ashfaqulla Khan, Bhagat Singh, Chandra Shekhar Azad, and Jatin Das were prominent revolutionaries.
Many of the radicals such as Aurobindo Ghosh later became revolutionaries and their role is considered very important in the annals of Indian history.