KSEEB Class 10 SSLC History Chapter 3 The Impact of British Rule in India Notes

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC History Chapter 3 The Impact of British Rule In India Lord Cornwallis Introduced The Administration Of Civil Services

The East India Company granted permission for private workers to trade by which its employees made money and became corrupt. To control this, the Government of England implemented Regulating Act in India.
In 1800, Lord Cornwallis opened Fort William College in Calcutta for the aspirants of the Civil Services.
Lord Cornwallis believed that all the natives of India were completely corrupt. So, only lower grade jobs were given to the Indians.
After the Battle of Buxar, Mughal Emperor Shah Alam handed over the Diwani Rights to the British. With this, Dual Administration, also called Dual Governance, became effective in Bengal region.
Under the Dual Administration System, the authority to collect land taxes, civil and judiciary were given to the Indian officials, while the British retained the authority of managing the revenue collected.

“KSEEB Class 10 History The Impact of British Rule in India notes”

By implementing new judicial system in India, the British overtook the authority of Mughals and established their supremacy in India.

Warren Hastings who became the Governor in 1772 advised that a Dewani Adalat as a civil court and a Faujdari Adalat as a criminal court needed to be established in each district.
Civil courts were under the control of European officers and the criminal courts were under the control of the Qajis, who functioned under the supervision of European officers.
Lord Cornwallis implemented the Police System in India and created the post of Superintendent Police (SP). He divided every district into many ‘Stations’ and each station was put under a Kotwal. Every village was put under a Chowkidar.
The Police Law was implemented in 1861.
The British appointed the Indians for the military and an Indian could reach the rank of Subedar.
The Military system was redesigned on the recommendations of Peel in 1857.

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC History Chapter 3 The Impact Of British Rule In India Notes

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC History Chapter 3 The Impact of British Rule in India

Land Tax Policies- Permanent Zamindar System, Mahalwari System, Ryotwari System

The East India Company had to pay four lakh Pounds to the British Government for its control upon the Bengal province. To fulfill this commitment, the Company had to strengthen its financial position in a secure way.
Therefore, it implemented various new land policies.
Lord Cornwallis implemented a new land tax policy called the Permanent Zamindari System in Bengal and Bihar regions during 1793 to generate steady revenue for the company every year.
R. M. Bird and James Thomson implemented the Mahalwari System (Mahal means ‘taluk), under which the Company entered into an agreement at the level of ‘Mahals’ in context to payment of land tax in Uttar Pradesh, in many parts of Madhya Pradesh, Punjab and Delhi.
In 1792, Alexander Reed implemented the Ryotwari System, firstly in Baramahal region.
The Ryotwari System was later implemented in Madras and Mysore region by Thomas Monroe in 1801

“SSLC History Chapter 3 The Impact of British Rule in India explained”

Impact of British Land Tax System:

A new class of Zamindars was created and it exploited the farmers.
The farmers became landless gradually due to this exploitation.
Land became a commodity and loans could be raised against its mortgage.
Many zamindars were also forced to mortgage their land to pay land taxes.
The agricultural sector became commercialized and crops were grown to fulfill the requirement of raw materialsneeded by the industries situated in England.
The money lenders attained a strong position

KSEEB Class 10 History Chapter 3 The Impact of British Rule in India notes

The Modern Education System: Lord Macaulay,Wood’s Commission (1854)

New changes took place in the Indian educational system during the British rule in the 18th century.
Warren Hastings facilitated the expansion of modern education in India. But it was Charles Grant who emphasized for the universalization of British education in India.
After William Benedict was appointed the Governor General of India, British education in India expanded significantly.
Macaulay was appointed as the member of Governor General’s Executive Committee and also as the Chairperson of the Committee on Education.
The report on education submitted by him became the basis of the modern education in India.
Governor General Lord Dalhousie established universities in various Indian cities on the recommendation of Charles Wood’s Commission.

Impact of British Education in India:

The Indians were able to develop modernity, secularism, democratic attitudes and rationality.
Local literature and languages received impetus.
Periodicals were available now. These checked the policies of the government and helped the Indians develop a critical attitude.
New social and religious reform movements started.
The thoughts of scholars such as Rousseau and Montesquieu brought renewed thinking among the Indian educated youth.
The freedom struggles taking place across the world influenced the Indians also.
Indians were able to understand and appreciate their rich and glorious tradition.

Impact of British Rule in India explained in KSEEB Class 10 History

Laws during British Rule- Regulating Law, Pitt’s India Law, Charter Laws

The British made efforts to create and implement different rules in the form of laws.
Corruption emerged after the implementation of Dewani Rights in 1765.
Edmond Burk, a member of the British Parliament, termed the tax payment received by the British Government from the East India Company as ‘Criminal Tax’. The Regulating Act was implemented in such circumstances in 1773.
Pitt’s India Act was implemented to rectify several inconsistencies in the Regulating Act of 1773 and to clearly outline the powers of the East India Company and the British Government.
The Board of Controllers which was constituted had the powers to direct and control the issues associated with land taxes, military and civil areas.
Major objective of the Charter Acts was to renew the license of the East India Company.
The Charter Act of 1813 licensed the East India Company to stay for further twenty years in India.

“KSEEB SSLC The Impact of British Rule in India chapter summary”

The Charter Act of 1833 aimed at improving the Indian situation and this act also licensed the East India Company to remain in India to another twenty years.

The Sepoy Mutiny took place in 1857 due to maladministration of the East India Company and anti-Indian acts.
As a result, the administration of India fell into the hands of the British crown. During this period, various Indian Government Acts were implemented.
The Indian Government Act of 1858 brought India under the direct administration of the Queen.
Along with the implementation of Indian Councils Act of 1861, the Indians were allowed to participate in the process of creating laws.
Indian Councils Act of 1892 further extended the participation of Indians in the legislative bodies.

“Class 10 Karnataka Board History Chapter 3 notes”

Indian Councils Act of 1909, also known as ‘Minto-Morley Reformation Act’, was used to divide and rule India.
Indian Councils Act of 1919, also known as ‘Montague-Chelmsford Reformative Act’, was formulated by accepting the report of Lord Chelmsford and Lord Montague.
Indian Government Act of 1935 acted as a base for the formation of the Indian Constitution.
Though, the acts formed by the British served the purpose of their interest, yet they also included the aspirations of the Indians for self-governance.