KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Economics Chapter 1 Development Notes

The Meaning and Nature of Development and Underdevelopment

Every normal person in this world constantly aims to improve his standard of living.
Development refers to the progress of a particular field or a particular person.
The sum total of all the goods and services produced in a country during one year is called National Income.
The economic progress of a country is known as economic development.
Per capita income is the average income of a person in a country in one year.
The increase in national income also leads to an increase in the income of the people which enables them to afford quality education and health care.
People demand more goods and services as their standard of living improves.
There occurs an expansion in industrial and service sector which leads to an increase in employment opportunities.

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The use of appropriate modern technology in the process helps to increase the productivity and increase the rate of economic development.

The economic development without excluding any portion of the population in the growth process is regarded as “inclusive growth’. It is regarded as real development.
The goods and services, as well as income produced in the country, should be shared as equally as possible among all the people.
In an underdeveloped economy, the production and per capita income are less.
A country which does not have a high per capita income and the standard of living is also low is considered as ‘underdeveloped country’.
The majority of people in such a country can’t afford the basic necessities of food, clothing, and shelter.
They suffer from diseases due to lack of sanitation and medical facilities.
India, during the British period, is an example of an underdeveloped economy.
According to World Development Reort, all countries with middle income and low income are referred to as developing countries.

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After Independence, India implemented five-year plans and accelerated economic developmental activities.

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Economics Chapter 1 Development Notes

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Economics Chapter 1 Development Notes Indicators of Human Development

In order to measure the quality of human life, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) has formed a criterion known as the Human Development Index (HDI).
The HDI is framed to measure longevity, knowledge and standard of living through three indicators namely:

Life expectancy
Educational achievements
Standard of living.
The age till which the people of a country can expect to survive is called the life expectancy.
Availability of nutritious food, excellent health and hygiene facilities, clean environment, etc., enables man to live longer.

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As the educational level rises, the country’s economic progress also improves.

The standard of living is measured on the basis of Gross National Income per capita.
The average of these three indicators (such as health, education, income) is the Human Development Index (HDI) of a country.
On the basis of HDI, the countries of the world are classified into three groups.

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The HDI of India has been rising steadily and in 2011 it was 0.547 and is grouped under the middle group of the countries which have achieved human development.

The role of women in the development process is very significant.
It is the duty of civilized society to provide social, economic, educational and political equality to all women.
After independence, our Constitution has assured equal freedom, equality, and opportunities to both men and women.
Many steps are being taken to eliminate gender discrimination.
The gender ratio is the average number of women per 1,000 men.
According to the 2011 census, male literacy was 82.14% while female literacy was 65.46%.
The ratio of the number of women working to that of the total number of women in the country is known as “Women’s Job Participation Rate’.
The government has provided opportunities for women to work in all fields.
Encouraging women to take social, economic and political decisions like men are called ‘Women Empowerment’.