Class 8 Social Science

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 2 Geographical Features and Pre-Historic India Points To Remember

• India is a sub-continent occupying a huge area in the southern part of the Asian Continent.
• It consists of 29 states and 6 union territories and one national capital region (Delhi).
• India’s geographical features comprise the Himalayan Mountains, the Indo-Gangetic plain in the North, the Deccan Plateau, and the Coastal region in the South.
• The snow-capped mountains in the North include some of the tallest mountain peaks in the world.
• The ancient civilizations of the Indus Valley and the Vedic period flourished in the Indo-Gangetic plain.
• The Narmada river separates India into two – the Malwa plateau or Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau, in the south.
• The eastern coastline is called the Coromandel Coast, whereas the western coastline is referred as Konkan and Malabar coast.
• The period before the discovery of the art of writing is called the Prehistoric age.
• The scholars who study this period are called Archaeologists.
• The relics of hunting and food-gathering humans are available in Bimbetka, Hunasagi, and Kurnool in India.
• Signs of ashes have been obtained in the caves ofKumool.
• Cave drawings can be seen in Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, and Karnataka. There are beautiful drawings of wild animals and hunting.
• The age that prevailed 2 million years ago is the oldest age and is called the Old Stone Age
• The period from 12,000 years to around 10,000 years is called the Middle Stone Age.
• The tools of the Middle Stone Age are generally very small and hence they are called delicate stone tools.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

Geographical Features and Pre-Historic India Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1. Describe the geographical features of India briefly.
Answer: India’s geographical features comprise the Himalayan Mountains, the Indo-Gangetic plain in the North, the Deccan Plateau, and the Coastal region in the South.

• Himalayan Mountains: They help to preserve the safety and security of India. There have been very few intrusions on ancient India from the northern Himalayan region. The attacks have been mainly from the north-western side through the valleys of Bolan and Khyber passes.
• The Indo-Gangetic plain in the North: The flat Indo-Gangetic plains are extremely fertile. The ancient civilizations of Indus Valley and Vedic period flourished here. Many battles have been fought from time to time to establish control over this area. The dynasties that established control over this fertile Gangetic plain also established empires.
• The Deccan Plateau: The Narmada River separates India into two – Malwa plateau or Central Highlands and the Deccan Plateau, in the south. The Mauryas and the Guptas ruled these two areas of ancient India.
• The Indian coastline: It is vast and stretches over 6,100 km. The eastern coastline is called the Coromandel Coast, whereas the western coastline is referred as Konkan and
  Malabar Coast. The numerous ports on this coastline had attracted the Romans from time immemorial. Foreign trade was carried on in those days only through sea routes.

Question 2. What are the valleys through which the attacks on India have taken place?
Answer: The attacks have been mainly from the north-western side through the valleys of Bolan and Khyber passes.

Class 8 History Geographical Features And Pre Historic India KSEEB Notes 

Question  3. What is meant by ‘Prehistoric Age’?
Answer: The period before the discovery of the art of writing is called the Prehistoric age.

Question 4. How did animal husbandry and dairying start?
Answer: The Earth’s temperature began to gradually increase. This led to the development of grasslands in many places. Birds and animals began to multiply in unprecedented numbers. Animals like deer, elks, goats, sheep, and others prospered in these grasslands. Humans who had been hunting animals began to observe their nature, food habits, and the way these animals multiplied. Over a period of time, they captured some these animals and brought them up. Like this animal husbandry and dairying started.

Question  5. The different periods of prehistory have been given various names by archaeologists. What are they?
Answer:

• Old Stone Age – the Early, Middle, and Late Old Stone Ages
• Middle Stone Age
• New stone Age

Geographical Features and Pre-Historic India Additional questions and answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in sheet provided:

Question  1. India is a peninsula as it is surrounded by

1. Three sides of water
2. Four sides of water
3. Two sides of water
4. One side of water

Answer: 1) Three sides of water

Question  2. The river which separates India into two – Malwa plateau and the Deccan Plateau, in the south is

1. Tapati
2. Cauvery
3. Narmada
4. Godavari

Answer: 3) Narmada

Question  3. The eastern coastline is called

1. Coromandel Coast
2. Konkan coast
3. Malabar Coast
4. Canara Coast

Answer: 1) Coromandel Coast

4. The period from 12,000 years to around 10,000 years is called

1. New Stone Age
2. Delicate Stone Age
3. Old Stone Age
4. Middle Stone Age

Answer: 4) Middle Stone Age

KSEEB History Chapter 2 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

5. The National capital of India is

1. Bengaluru
2. Mumbai
3. New Delhi
4. Kolkata

Answer: 3) New Delhi

Geographical Features and Pre-Historic India Answer the following questions in brief.

Question 1. The ancient civilizations of Indus Valley and Vedic period flourished in Indo-Gangetic plains. Why?

Answer: The flat Indo-Gangetic plains are extremely fertile. The ancient civilizations of Indus Valley and Vedic period flourished here. Many battles have been fought from time to time to establish control over this area. Usually, the dynasties that established control over this fertile gangetic plain also established empires.

Question  2. It is necessary to learn about the geographical environment. Why?
Answer: The geographical environment has influenced every country and people in the world. There is an intimate relationship between human life and the environment. Hence it is necessary to learn about the geographical environment in order to know about human history.

Question  3. Which are the neighboring countries of India?
Answer: Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh, and Myanmar are the neighboring countries of India.

Question  4. Name the four physical division of India.
Answer: The four physical division of India are

• The Himalayan Mountains
• The Indo-Gangetic plain in the North
• The Deccan Pla Eau
• The Coastal region in the South

KSEEB Class 8 Geographical Features And Pre Historic India Study Materials 

Question  5. How did Himalaya change the history of India?
Answer: Himalayan Mountains help to preserve the safety and security of India. There have been very few intrusions on ancient India from the northern Himalayan region. The attacks have been mainly from the north-western side through the valleys of Bolan and Khyber passes.

Question  6. Where did the Pre-historic man live?
Answer: The relics of the hunting and food-gathering humans are available in Bimbetka, Hunasagi, and Kumool in India.

Question  7. How do we get to know about such industrial sites?
Answer: Areas, where people used stones to create various tools, have been thought to be the first industrial sites of human beings. Usually, we get to see stone tools around rocky areas. People might have rejected some rocks as unsuitable for their tools. Heaps of broken rock or stone chips obtained during the creation of implements abound in such areas. It is possible that people lived for a long time in these places. These sites are called residential and industrial sites.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation Textbook Questions

Question 1 Write in your own words two or more sentences of what you understand by the word ‘marginalization’.

Answer. In simple words, marginalisation means to be excluded from the mainstream of society due to age-old social disparities, like the caste system, prejudices, and discrimination on account of economic and wealth status. These underpriced leged groups of people are known as the marginalised groups. Depressed classes are also known as marginal sed sections of society. In India, a large number of people have experienced marginalisation on account of the caste system.

Question 2 List two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalised.

Answer. Aaivosis are becoming increasingly marginalised due to the following reasons:

1. In order to make the land for agriculture and industry, forest lands have been cleared.
2. Mines and mining projects have led to the displacement o* many Adivasis. It has caused the loss of their livelihood.

Question 3 Write one reason why you think the Constitution’s safeguards to protect minority communities is very important.

Answer. Indian Constitution provides safeguards to religious, ethnic, and linguistic minorities. These safeguards are provided in the fundamental rights. The Constitution’s safeguards for protecting minority communities are very important. Moreover, safeguards are important because they protect minorities against any discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, language, etc.

Question 4 Re-read the section on Minorities and Marginalisation. What do you understand by the term ‘minority’?

Answer. Minority refers to a community that is small in number in relation to the rest of the population, for example, Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, etc., are living in India. Hindus are in majority whereas Muslims, Christians, and Sikhs are in minorities. Minorities are vulnerable due to their inadequate share in power and decision-making.

Question 5 You are participating in a debate where you have to provide reasons to support the following statement ‘Muslims are a marginalised community. Using the data provided in this chapter list two reasons that you would give.

Answer. Muslims are 14.6% percent of India’s population and are considered to be a marginalised community in India. Muslims are a marginalised community due to the following reasons:
(1) Muslims are economically backward and they have been deprived of economic development 63.6% of Muslims live in Kuccha houses whereas 55.2 % of Hindus live in Kuccha houses.
(2) 65% of Hindus are literate whereas 59% of Muslims are literate. The average years of schooling for Muslim children between the age of 7-16 are much lower than that of other socio-religious communities.

Question 6 Imagine that you are watching the Republic Day parade on TV with a friend and she remarks. ‘‘Look at these tribals. They look so exotic. And they seem to be dancing all the time.” List three things that you would tell her about the lives of Adivasis in India.

Answer. Generally, the impression about tribals is that they are always dancing and enjoying life. But it is due to our lack of knowledge about the lives of Adivasis. Three main features of Admass lives are as follows;

1. Since most of the Advisors reside in deep forests, they share a symbiotic relationship with the forests.
2. A range of tribal religions is practiced by Adivasis, which involves the worship of ancestors, village, and nature spirits.
3. Adivasis reside in areas that are abundant in mineral arid other natural resources.
4. Many Adivasis have migrated to cities in search of work where they are employed for very low wages in industries.

Question 7 In the storyboard you read about how Helen hopes to make a movie on the Adivasi story. Can you help her by developing a short story on Adivasis?

Answer. Abors, Aai, Bkhor, Gonds, Santhal, etc., are some major tribes. Govds is a major tribe of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Odisha. Gobind Marar was displaced due to a refinery project in Odisha. He has a daughter and two sons. He lives a miserable life. His daughter got into a relationship with a boy of a higher caste which was not liked by Mr. Maran. Due to family clashes, both the boy and girl committed suicide.

Class 8 Civics Understanding Marginalisation KSEEB Notes 

Question 8 Would you agree with the statement that economic and social marginalisation are interlinked? Why?

Answer. It is a hard fact that economic and social marginalisation is interlinked. Without money, no person can get an electricity connection. Money is needed to pay electricity bills and to purchase electronic goods. It is not possible to get a water connection without money.

Understanding Marginalisation Text Questions

Question 1 Explain at least three different reasons why groups may be marginalised.

Answer. Groups may be marginalised due to the following reasons:

1. They are fewer in number.
2. They follow different traditions and cultures
3. They speak different dialects and are poor.

Question 2 Why was Dadu forced to leave his village in Orissa? (now Odisha)

Answer. In the storyboard, Dadu was forced to leave his village in Odisha, as the companywallahs took his land because they wanted to mine iron ore there.

Question 3  Which metals are important in present-day India? Why? Where do they come from? Are there Adivasi populations there?

Answer. Metals like Iron-ore, aluminum, copper, bronze, etc., are important as they play an important part in the industries. These metals are found in the plateau of India. Yes, Adivasi population resides in these parts.

Question 4 List five products that you use at home that come from the forest.

Answer.
Products that are used at home which are derived from forests:

1. Fruits (Eatables)
2. Timber (Furniture)
3. Honey (Eatables)
4. Lac (Jeweller)’ and Accessories)
5. Gum (Resins)

Question 5 By whom were the following demands being made on forest land?
(i) timber for construction of houses and railways
(ii) forest land for mining
(iii) forest land for agriculture by non-tribal people
(iv) reserved by the government as wildlife parks In what ways would this affect tribal people?

Answer. The above demands were made by the British Government in India.
These would affect the tribal people as they will be left homeless. Forced to migrate to other areas, they would have to work on meager wages.

Question 6 In your opinion, why is it important that Adivasis should have a say in how their forests and forest lands are used?

Answer. Since the Aaivasis are directly affected by the government decisions, they should have a say in how their forests and forests lands are to be used

Question 7 Why do we need safeguards for minorities?

Answer. Safeguards for minorities are needed to protect them from being dominated by the majority.

Question 8 Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
 I live in a Muslim-dominated area. Some days back during Ramzan there was some disturbance that started taking a communal outlook. My brother and I had gone for an Iftar party in the neighborhood and were dressed in traditional clothes, that is sherwani and salwar kameez; respectively. On returning home, my brother and I were asked to change our clothes to jeans and a T-shirt. Now when everything is fine I wonder what was the reason that we were asked to change our clothes and why I didn’t find it odd. Were our clothes giving away our identity and is that identity linked to all kinds of fears and discrimination? Ainee A. Farooqi
The above essay has been written by a child around your age. What do you think she is trying to convey?

Answer. We live in a society where people are trying to hide their identities, to avoid attention. In some communities, particular dresses identify people of their religion or culture. Such identity can be harmful during communal tension. Hence, people try to avoid wearing such clothes. She is trying to convey that people still live in fear due to their cultural differences.

Understanding Marginalisation Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1 What do you understand by the term ‘Adivasis’

Answer. Adivasis are those communities who generally live in close association with forests.

Question 2 What is the tribal population of India?

Answer. According to 2011 census, the tribal population of India is around 10,42,81,034 and constitutes 8.6 percent of the country’s total population.

KSEEB Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Questions And Answers 

Question 3 Write one problem which is faced by the tribal communities.

Answer. Land alienation is one of the most persistent problems faced by the tribal communities.

Question 4 Why some communities feel marginalised?

Answer. Some communities feel marginalised because they are poor, have low status, and are viewed as less human than others.

Question 5 Which term is used in the Indian Constitution in place of Adivasis?

Answer. In the Indian Constitution, the term Scheduled Tribe is used in place of Aorvas

Question 6 Why have forest lands been cleared?

Answer. Forest lands have been cleared for timber and to make the land for agriculture and industries.

Question 7 Which language is used by Adivasis?

Answer. Different Adivasi tribes have their own native dialects.

Question 8 Why are special constitutional and legal protection needed for minorities?

Answer. Special constitutional and legal provisions are needed to enable them to secure effective equality, besides preserving their distinct identity.

Understanding Marginalisation Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1 Which religion is practiced by the Adivasis?

Answer Aaivasis practice their tribal religion. They worship their ancestors, village, and nature spirits  ‘River Spirits’, ‘Mountain Sprits’, etc. Ancestral worshipping is within the house while village spirit worshipping is at a particular place in the village. Moreover, Adidas have also been influenced by surrounding religions like Christianity, Buddhism, Shabta, Vaishnav, and Bhakti.

Question 2 Why do we need safeguards for minorities?

Answer

1. Safeguards are needed to protect the culture of the minorities.
2. Safeguards are needed to protect minorities so that no discrimination is done to them.
3. Safeguards are needed to protect India’s cultural diversity and promote social justice.

Question 3 Explain at least three different reasons why groups may be marginalised.

Answer. Groups are marginalised due to the following reasons:

1.  They speak a different language.
2. They follow different customs.
3. They belong to different religious groups from the majority community.
4. They are poor and have a low representation in the society.

Understanding Marginalisation  Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1 Why do we consider Muslims as a marginalised community in India?

Answer. Muslims are considered marginalised community due to the following reasons:

1. Indian Muslims are classified as a marginalised community in terms of various economic, social, and political indices.
2. They have over the years been deprived of the benefits of economic development About 63.6% of Muslims live in Kuccha houses and only 19.4% of Muslims have access to piped water.
3. Illiteracy and poverty among Muslims have further worsened their situation.
4. Economic and social marginalisation experienced by Muslims has other dimensions as well. Muslim customs and practices are very different from what is seen as the mainstream.

Question 2 Describe various rights of the minorities which are mentioned in the Constitution.

Answer. Indian Constitution has provided certain Fundamental Rights and safeguards to protea the interests, culture, language, etc., of the minorities.

1. The object of Article 29 is to give protection to the religious and linguistic minorities. Article 29
   declares that any season of the Indian citizen, having a distinct language, script, or culture of its own, shall have the right to conserve the same.
2. Every minority group shall have the right to impart instructions to the children of their own
   community in their own languages.
3.  The Constitution guarantees the right to all linguistic or religious minorities to establish and; administer educational institutions of their choice.
4.  The right to establish educational institutions of their choice amounts to the establishment of; the institutions which will serve the needs of the minority community.

Question 3 Write a short note on Adivasis.

Answer. The term Adivasis literally means—the original inhabitants. Most of the India’s industrial and mining sites are situated in tribal areas. More than 500  different tribal groups live in India. Out of which, more than 60 tribal groups live in Odisha alone. Adivasis practice their own religions which is different from Hinduism, Islam, or Christianity. They are nature lovers and their religion is based on the worship of ancestors, village, and nature spirit Usually their culture is also influenced by other surrounding cultures. Adivasis also speak different languages. Their language is different from the mainstream of Indian language.

Some of the tribal languages like the ‘Sonthali’ are as old as Sanskrit There are numerous magazines and publications in Sarthali languages. When we fix an image for someone we create a stereotype. Likewise, the tribals are also known as Adivasis as portrayed in a very stereotypical way—in color, clothes, headgear and through dancing, etc., but we never looked at the realities of their lives. People began to believe that they are primitive and backward. Most of the valuable products like wood, medicines, animal products, and herbs come from forests. Their lifestyles also depend on forests. They lost their source of income when British colonial policies forced them to leave forests.

Understanding Marginalisation KSEEB Class 8 Textbook Solutions 

Understanding Marginalisation Hots Corner

Question 1  Describe the lifestyle of the Adivasis in the pre-colonial world.

Answer. In the pre-colonial world, the Adivasis were originally hunters, gatherers, and nomads. They sustained their livelihood by practicing shifting agriculture.

Question 2 What is Ghettoisation?

Answer. The word ‘Ghettoisation’ is derived from the word ‘Ghetto’ which is a largely populated area of a particular community Ghettoisation refers to the process wherein due to various social, economic, and cultural reasons overcrowding of a particular community occurs.

Understanding Marginalisation Miscellaneous Questions

A. Multiple-Choice Questions

Tick the correct option from the choices provided:

Question 1 Adivasi areas are:

(a) Jamshedpur
(b) Bhilai
(c) Bokaro
(d) All of these

Answer. (d) All of these

Question 2 How many tribal groups are there in Odisha?

(a) 100 tribal groups
(b) 60 different tribal groups
(c) 50 different tribal groups
(d) 500 different tribal groups

Answer. (b) 60 different tribal groups

Question 3 In Assam, Adivasi population is about:

(a) 70 lakh
(b) 90 Lakh
(c) Five Crores
(d) 50 Lakh

Answer. (a) 70 lakh

Question 4 In the Indian Constitution, safeguards are provided to protect:

(a) Brahmin
(b) Minorities
(c) Majority
(d) Hindus

Answer. (b) Minorities

Question 5 Which of the following is marginalised group in India?

(a) Christians
(b) Hindus
(c) Punjabis
(d) Muslims

Answer. (d) Muslims

Question 6 Who is an Adivasi?

(a) Who lives in a city
(b) Who lives in a village
(c) Who generally lives in close association with forests
(d) Who lives in foreign lands

Answer. (c) Who generally lives in close association with forests

Question 7 How many National Parks are in India?

(a) 54
(b) 50
(c) 45
(d) 40

Answer. (a) 54

Question 8 How many Wild Life Sanctuaries are there h India?

(a) 400
(b) 389
(c) 382
(d) 372

Answer. (d) 372

Question 9 According to 2001 Census, which community is less literate?

(a) Hindu Community
(b) Muslim Community
(c) Sikh Community
(d) Jain Community.

Answer. (b) Muslim Community

Important Questions For KSEEB Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 

Understanding Marginalisation

B. Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate terms in the following sentences:

1. Recognising that Muslims in India were lagging behind, the government appointed a high-level
   the committee in 2005 chaired by Justice.__________
2. ______________of Muslim children in the 6-14 year age group have either never been enrolled
   in school or have dropped out.
3. There are different reasons for each of these communities being.______________
4. 45 percent of tribal groups in__________ and 35 percent is Urban areas live below the
   poverty line.
5. More than 50 percent of persons displaced due to mines and mining projects are.__________
6. Adivasis are invariably portrayed in very____________ ways.

Answer.

1. Rajinder Sachar
2. 25 percent
3. Marginalised
4. Rural areas
5. tribals
6. stereotypical

Understanding Marginalisation

C. Picture Interpretation

Study the picture alongside and answer the questions that follow:

1. Which tribe is shown in the picture?

Answer. The Santal tribe is shown in the following picture.

2. Where does this tribe reside?

Answer. The Santhal tribe resides in an area located between Bihar
and West Bengal.

3. What made them rise in revolt against the British?

Answer. When forests were converted into reserved forests, the
Santhals rose in revolt against the British, as they lost their source of food and livelihood, which they derived from selling fruits and timber respectively.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 7 Mauryas And Kushans Points To Remember

India’s first Empire was Mauryan Empire and Chandra Gupta Maurya, Bindusara and Ashoka are the important kings of this dynasty. The Mauryan dynasty was established by Chandra Gupta Maurya. Megasthenes has recorded his experiences at Patliputhra, the capital of the Maurya empire in his book ‘Indica’. ‘Arthashastra’ is written by the teacher and the Prime Minister of Chandra Gupta Maurya, Kautilya.

• Mudrarakshasa is a Sanskrit play written by Vishaka Dutta which narrates the process of Chandra Gupta Maurya being brought into power by Kautilya.
• Chandra Gupta came to power by dethroning the last king of the Nanda dynasty under the guidance of his teacher Kautilya at the age of twenty-five.
• It is said that Chandra Gupta Maurya later traveled to Shravanbelagola in Karnataka along with Jain sages Bhadrabahu and others. Finally, the tradition says that he undertook ‘Sallekhana Varta’ and passed away there.
• The most popular Emperor of India Ashoka was the governor of Ujjain and Takshashilla during his father Bindhusara’s reign.
• Ashoka declared war on the Kalingas who refused to accept the rule of the Maurya Empire in 261BCE.
• On being inspired by Buddhism, he dedicated his remaining life to spreading the message of ‘peace’Ashoka accepted Buddhism after the Kalinga battle and made donations to Buddhist monasteries and Viharas.
• Ashoka wanted people to show compassion to the poor and slaves too. ‘Live and let live’ said he.
• He appointed officers named“Dharmamahamathra’ to preach the principles of Buddhism.
• Ashoka is called as the father of inscriptions. Till today his inscriptions are the first inscriptions to be read.
• In 1837 C.E., a British officer James Princep deciphered Ashoka’s inscriptions for the first time. In all the inscriptions instead of his name, his titles ‘Devanmpriya’ or ‘Priyadarshi’ were used.
• Charles Beadon a British engineer read an inscription at Maski of Raichur in 1915 C.E. In this inscription ‘Devanampriya Priyadarshi Ashoka’ reference. Appears for the first time. Based on this, it was decided that‘Devanampriya’ and ‘Priydarshi’ are the same. Later in other inscriptions, the name Ashoka appears.
• Pushyagupta, a governor during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya had built ‘Sudarshan Sarvor’, adam in Junagadh of Gujarat.
• Officers named ‘Samahartha’ and ‘Sanidatta’were in charge of the tax collection and were also the custodians of the royal treasury.
• The social system was evolving out of the varna-based caste system of the Vedic period.
• Though the society was divided into four Varnas, namely Brahmana, Kshatriyas, vaishya, and shudra, several castes were also present.
• Officials like “Rujuka’ (Justice officer), ‘Yukta’(Information recording officer), and others were there.
• The Kushans were the progeny of Yuchi and they defeated the Sakas and the Parthians and settled in the Gandhara region.
• The founder of this dynasty was Kujalakadphisus. Vimakadphisus and Kanishka are the noteworthy kings of this dynasty. Kanishka established his rule in 78 C.E. and heralded a new era. This era is called the ‘Saka’era.

Complete the following sentences by using suitable words in the blanks:

1. Chanakya came to be known as Kautilya.
2. Megasthanis’s work Indica.
3. The capital of the Mauryas was Pataliputhra.
4. The founder of the Kushan dynasty was Kujalakadphisus.
5. The new era of Kanishka’s reign is called the Saka era.

Mauryas And Kushans Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1. List the sources which reflect upon the history of Mauryas.
Answer:

• Megasthenes’ Indica
• Kautilya’s ‘Arthashastra’
• Mudrarakshasa
• Deepavamsha and Mahavamsha
• Inscriptions of Ashoka

Class 8 History Mauryas And Kushans KSEEB Notes 

Question 2. Name the important cities during Ashoka’s period.
Answer: Pataliputhra, Takshashila, Ujjain, Doula, Suvarnagiri, and Gimar.

Question 3. Ashok has been named as Great by historians. Give reason.
Answer: Ashok’s most popular Emperor of India Ashoka is from this dynasty. He was the son of Bindhusara. He was the governor of Ujjain and Takshashilla during his father’s reign. He suppressed an uprising at Takshashilla. It is assumed that he ascended the throne in the year 269 B.C.E. He waged a war against Kalinga eight years later. This was the only war waged by him after becoming aking.

Question 4. Describe Ashoka’s administration.
Answer: Maurya Empire had a centralized administration system. There was a strong espionage network. Ministers, priests, princes,s and generals were the higher subordinates of the king. The Empire was divided into provinces. These were ruled by either princes or relatives of the king’s family. Takshashila, Ujjain, Doula, Suvarnagiri, and Girnar were the regional administrative centers. Officials like “Rujuka’ (Justice officer), *Yukta’(Information recording officer), and others were there. The administration of Pataliputhra was done by a group of six committees consisting of thirty officials.

Question 5. Which dynasty did the Kushans belong to?
Answer: Kushans were the progeny of Yuchi.

Question 6. What was the extent of Kanishka’s empire?
Answer: Kanishka’s rule had spread up to Sanchi in the south and Banaras in the east. His kingdom, which included Central Asia too, was a vast empire. Purushapura was his capital. Mathura was another significant town of his time.

Mauryas And Kushans Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. India’s first Empire was

1. Mauryan Empire
2. Gupta Empire
3. Vardhan’s Empire
4. Vijayanagar Empire

Answer: 1. Mauryan Empire

Question 2. The Mauryan dynasty was established by

1. Bindusara
2. Bimbisara
3. Chandra Gupta Maurya
4. Ajathashathru

Answer: 3. Chandra Gupta Maurya

Question 3. The author of ‘Indica’ is

1. Seleucus Nicator
2. Huien Tsang
3. Fashion
4. Megasthenes

Answer: 4. Megasthenes

Question 4. Arthashastra is written in

1. Kannada
2. Hindi
3. Sanskrit
4. English

Answer: 3. Sanskrit

KSEEB History Chapter 7 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 5. Ashoka organized the third Buddhist conference at

1. Pataliputhra
2. Kashmir
3. Prayag
4. Buddhagaya

Answer: 2. Kashmir

Question 6. Ashoka’s inscriptions are found in Brahmagiri of

1. Mysore
2. Chitradurga
3. Bengaluru
4. Bidar

Answer: 2. Chitradurga

Question 7. The governor of Chandra Gupta Maurya who had built ‘Sudarshan Sarvor’ was

1. Pushyagupta
2. Tushaspa
3. Sanidatta
4. Samahartha

Answer: 1. Pushyagupta

Question 8. ‘Kachhuw’ was

1. Copper coin
2. Golden coin
3. Silver coin
4. Brass coin

Answer: 3. Silver coin

Question 9.‘Rujuka’ of Maurayan Period

1. Justice officer
2. Information recording officer
3. Military officer
4. Religious officer

Answer: 1. Justice officer

Complete the following sentences by using suitable words in the blanks:

1. Mauryan ruled from Magda
2. The capital of the Maurya Empire was Patliputhra
3. ‘Arthashastra’ is written by Kautilya
4. The teacher of Chandra Gupta Maurya was Kautilya
5. The Sanskrit play written by Vishaka Dutta was Mudrarakshasa.
6. The scholar who discovered the manuscript of Kautilya’s Arthashastra was R.Shamashastri
7. Yukta of the Mauryan Period was an Information recording officer
8. The Yuchi factions became united under the leadership of Kujalakadphisus
9. The capital of the Mauryan Empire was Purushapura

Mauryas And Kushans Answer the following questions in a sentence:

Question 1. Which dynasty did the Kushans belong to?
Answer: The Kushans belonged to the Yuchi dynasty

Question 2. Why was Dharmamahamathra appointed?
Answer: Ashoka appointed officers called‘Dharmamahamathra’ to preach the principles of Buddhism.

Question 3. Who is called as the father of inscriptions?
Answer: Ashoka is called as the father of inscriptions.

Question 4. What is discussed in Deepavamsha and Mahavamsha?
Answer: These two are Srinlankan literary works. They narrate the efforts of Ashoka to spread Buddhism in Srilanka.

KSEEB Class 8 History Chapter 7 Questions And Answers 

Question 5. Who started the ‘Saka’ era?
Answer: Kanishka established his rule in 78 C.E. and heralded a new era called the ‘Saka’ era

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1. How does Megasthenes’ Indica help historians to write about Mauryans?
Answer: Megasthenes was in India as the ambassador of the Greeks in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. He has recorded his experiences at Patliputhra, the capital of the Maurya empire in his book ‘Indica’. ‘Indica’ reveals the city administration and social and religious life of the Maurya period.

Question 2.‘Arthashastra’ is the handbook of the Mauryan administration. Justify.
Answer:‘Arthashastra’ is written by the teacher and the Prime Minister of Chandra Gupta Maurya, Kautilya. It outlines the basic principles on administration, foreign affairs, and judicial duties that a king ought to know. By reading this book, one can understand the politics, economy, administration, society, and other aspects of the Maurya period.

Question 3. Why did Ashoka decide not to wage war after the Kalinga war?
Answer: Ashoka declared war on Kalinga eight years after Gupta Maurya assumed the throne. In this battle one lakh fifty

Question 4. Explain the achievements of Chandra Gupta Maurya
Answer: Chandra Gupta Maurya founded the Maurya Empire. He defeated last king of the Nanda dynasty at the Kalinga was won by Ashoka, he was disturbed age twenty-five. He declared war against Seleucus Nicator and the battle ended in an agreement. Seleucus gave few places including today’s Afghanistan and Baluchistan to Chandra Gupta On being inspired by Buddhism, he dedicated Maurya. his remaining life to spreading the message of Chandra Gupta Maurya married his daughter.

Question 5. Explain the relationship between Seleucus and Chandra Gupta Maurya.
Answer: In 305 B.C.E., Chandra Gupta Maurya declared battle war against Seleucus Nicator and the battle ended in an agreement. According to it, Seleucus handed over four territories that included today’s Afghanistan and Baluchistan to Chandra Gupta Maurya. Moreover, he married his daughter to him.

Question 6. Chandra Gupta Maurya’s name is associated with Shravanabelagola. Why?
Answer: As per a Jain tradition, it is said that Chandra Gupta Maurya handed over his reign to his son Bindhusara after accepting Jainism in his last days. It is said that he later traveled to Shravanabelagola in Karnataka along with Jain sages Bhadrabahu and others. Finally, the tradition says that he undertook ‘Sallekhana Varta’ and passed away there.

Question 7. Why did Ashoka decide not to wage war after the Kalinga war?
Answer: Ashoka declared war on Kalinga eight years after assuming the throne. In this battle one lakh fifty thousand prisoners were taken. One lakh people died. Many more became refugees. Though Kalinga was won by Ashoka, he was disturbed by the deaths and the pain of the battle. And he decided not to wage war thereafter. He considered victory of religion is better than victory in the battlefield. He went into repentance on seeing the devastation created by the war. On being inspired by Buddhism, he dedicated his remaining life to spreading the message of ‘peace’.

Question 8. How was Buddhism spread by Ashoka?
Answer: Ashoka accepted Buddhism after the Kalinga battle. He made donations to Buddhist monasteries and Viharas. He appointed officers named ‘Dharmamahamathra’ to preach the principles of Buddhism. He installed inscriptions all across the kingdom to preach the messages of Buddhism. Preachers were sent to other countries as well. A person named Rakshita was sent to Banavasi and another person by name ‘Mahadeva’ was sent to Mahishamandala (Mysuru). He also sent his son Rahula and daughter Sangamithre to Srilanka. In 250 B.C.E., he organized the third Buddhist conference at Pataliputhra.

Mauryas And Kushans KSEEB Class 8 Textbook Solutions 

Question 9. Explain the Economic System during the Maurya period.
Answer: There are evidence that proves that the lake and canal system of irrigation was good during the Maurya period. Pushyagupta had built ‘Sudarshan Sarvor’,adam in Junagadh of Gujarat. An officer named ‘Tushaspa’ built the canal system for ‘Sudarshan Sarvor’dam Prisoners of war and slaves were engaged in agricultural activities. Land tax was the main source of revenue for the state. ‘Samahartha’ and ‘ Sanidatta’ were in charge of the tax collection The technology of producing metal ‘Alloys’had evolved during the reign of Mauryas. Merchants were transporting goods on these roads to sell within and outside the empire.‘Kachhu’ marked silver coins were in circulation in the Maurya Kingdom.

Question 10. Explain the Social System of the Mauryan Period.
Answer: The social system was evolving out of the varna-based caste system of the Vedic period. Brahmana, Kshatriyas, vaishya, and shudra, several castes were also present. Megasthenes records the presence of seven castes in Mauryan society in his Indica. The Buddhist sources also confirm the existence of castes. The caste system had started assuming rigidity during the Maurya period itself. Indica does not record the existence of slaves’ and ‘dasas’ in Mauryan society. Slavery was less harsh than slavery of Greek and Roman societies. Shudras, the last in the varna system, were employed as agricultural laborers and domestic help.

Question 11.Explain the contribution of Maurayans to the field of Art and Architecture
Answer: Megasthanese’s ‘Indica’ records the grandeur of Maurya’s palace in Patliputhra.Maurayans constructed the wooden Palace and the fort around the palace in Pataliputhra‘Stupas’ were built and ‘pillars’ were erected. Our national emblem of a four-headed lion is taken from the Ashoka pillar of Saranath. Ashoka built three rock-cut caves at Baarbar hill. His son Dasharatha, built three more rock-cut caves at Nagaruni hills.

Question 12. How did Kushanas establish their power in India?
Answer: Kushanas were basically from a nomadic tribe that had migrated to India from Central Asia. The Kushans defeated the Sakas and the Parthians and settled in the Gandhara region. The founder of this dynasty was Kujalakadphisus. The Yuchi factions became united under the leadership of Kujalakadphisus. Kujalakadphisus crossed the Hindukush range and settled in Kabul and Kashmir. Vimakadphisus brought out gold coins into circulation.

Question 13. What were the measures undertaken to spread Buddhism by Kanishka?
Answer: Buddhism could prosper much more than before due to the patronage given by Kanishka.Kanishka patronage Buddhist scholars like Aswagosha, Vasumitra, and Sangaraksha. He organized the fourth Buddhist conference at Kashmir. Kanishka sent missions to Central Asia and China to spread Buddhism.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 11 The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Points To Remember

• The Rashtrakutas were the feudatory kings of the Chalukyas in the beginning.
• The kingdom which began with Dantidurga continued with Krishna, Govinda II, Dhruva, Govinda III, Amoghavarsha and others, and reached its peak.
• The ports of the west coast were busy trading centres and enjoyed great prosperity by developing trade relations with Persia and Arabian.
• The Arab traveller Sulaiman has praised Amoghavarsha as ‘One of the four powerful emperors of the World.’
• Amoghavarsha was brave and peace-loving and encouraged all faiths.
• The Mahasandhivigrahi was appointed to look after the foreign affairs.
• For the purpose of administrative convenience, (the lie kingdom was divided into Rashtra (Mandal1, Vishaya, Nadu and Grama.
• The leader of the grama was called gramapati or prabhugavunda.
• The vishayapati and the Rashtrapati were the officers for the vaishya or the district and the Rashtra respectively.
• Trivikrama wrote Nalachampu, the first champu work in Sanskrit literature. Hal yudha wrote ‘Kavirahasya’. Jinasena, mathematician Mahaveeracharya, grammarian Shakatayana, Gunabhadra, and Veerasena were in Amoghavarsha’s court.
• Pampa, known as Adikavi wrote Adipurana and Vikramaij unavij aya in Kannada.
• The Kannada University, Hampi, has been awarding the title of Nadoja in memory of the first poet, Pampa, to great achievers in Karnataka every year.
• The Kailashnath temple at Ellora built by Krishna I is a monolithic wonder. This temple has been carved from a rock 100 feet high, 276 feet long and 154 feet wide. Nearby is the famous Dashavatara cave temple.
• The credit for building a new city called Kalyana and making it the capital goes to Someshwara-I.
• The notable works of the Chalukyas period are ‘Gadayuddha’ (Sahasa Bheema Vijay1 written by Ranna, ‘Panchatantra’ written by Durgasimha, ‘Vikramankadeva Charita’ composed by Bilhana, ‘Dharmamruta’ composed by Nayasena and the legal work, ‘Mitakshara’, authored by Vignaneshwara. ‘Manasollasa’ written by King Someshwaralll is considered a Sanskrit encyclopaedia.
• Queen Chandralekha patronised many music scholars and dancers. ‘Manasollasa’ and the workofJagadekamallall ‘SangeetaChudamani’ discuss many topics related to music, dance, art and jewellery.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Exercises

Fill in the blanks :

1. The founder of the Rashtrakuta dynasty was Dantidurga.
2. The Chalukya king of Kalyana who was responsible for the defeat of the Rashtrakutas was Tailapa-II.
3. The author of4 Kavirahasya’ is Halyudha.
4. The famous poem written by Ponna is Shanti Parana.
5. The most famous king among the Kalyana Chalukyas was Someshwara-1
6. The person who can be called ‘the pioneer of the social revolution’ is Sri Jagajyoti Basaveshwara

Class 8 History The Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana KSEEB Notes 

The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Answer the following questions:

Question 1. How was the administrative system of the Rashtrakutas?
Answer: The kingship was hereditary. The kingdom was divided into provinces (mandal1 and small provinces (Nadu). There were Campanas (today’s hobli) to enable the smooth functioning of the administration of villages.

Question 2. Write about the educational system under the Rashtrakutas.
Answer: Agraharas and maths were the prominent educational centres in those days. Knowledge was imparted about Sanskrit, the Vedas, astrology, logic and the Puranas. Salotgi in the Hindi taluk of Bijapur district was one of the leading centres of learning.

Question 3. Write about the Ellora temple.
Answer: The Kailashnath temple at Ellora built by Krishna I is a monolithic wonder. This temple has been carved from a rock 100 feet high, 276 feet long and 154 feet wide.

Question 4. How did the Kalyan Chalukyas encourage literature?
Answer: Kannada literature prospered with the support of Jain scholars. The notable works of this period are ‘Gadayuddha’ (Sahasa Bheema Vijay1 written by Ranna, Panchayat antra’ written by Durgasimha, ‘Vikramankadeva Charita’ composed by Bilhana, ‘Dharmamruta’ composed by Nayasena and the legal work, ‘Mitakshara’, authored by Vignaneshwara. ‘Manasollasa’ written by King Someshwara III is considered a Sanskrit encyclopaedia.

The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The first Kannada work is
1)Kaviraja Marga
2)Nalachampu
3)Kavirahasya
4)Adipurana
Answer: 1) Kaviraja Marga

Question 2. The Arab traveller who praised Amoghavarsha’s kingdom was
1)AbudalRazak
2)Alberuni
3)Sulaiman
4)Abul Faizi
Answer: 3) Sulaiman

Question 3. Mahasandhivigrahi was appointed to look after
1)The foreign affairs
2)The military affairs
3)The marketing affairs
4)The local administration
Answer: 1)The foreign affairs

Question 4. The leader of the grama was called
1)Prabhugavunda
2)Nadagavunda
3)Prajagavunda
4)Rajagavunda
Answer: 1) Prabhugavunda

KSEEB History Chapter 11 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 5.The poet who assumed the title Adikavi was
1)Pampa
2)Ponna
3)Ranna
4)Halyudha
Answer: 1 Pampa

Question 6. The new city called Kalyana was built by
1)Someshwara-I
2)Karka -II
3)Vikramaditya-VI
4)Someshwara-I
Answer: 1) Someshwara-I

Question 7. The king who defeated Rajadhiraja Chola in ‘Koppam’ was
1)Someshwara-I
2)Karka -II
3)Vikramaditya-VI
4)Someshwara-II
Answer: 1) Someshwara-I

The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Answer the following questions in a sentence or two sentences:

Question 1. Name the famous kings of the Rashtrakutas.
Answer: The kingdom which began with Dantidurga, continued with Krishna, Govinda II, Dhruva, Govinda III, Amoghavarsha and others, and reached its peak.

Question 2. How did Amoghavarsha get rid of the enmity with the Gangas and the Pallavas?
Answer: Amoghavarsha got rid of the enmity by developing marital relations with the Gangas and the Pallavas.

Question 3. How was the relationship between Amoghavarsha and Arabs?
Answer: The ports of the west coast were busy trading centres and enjoyed great prosperity by developing trade relations with Persia and Arabian.
Arabian.

Question 4. How were the Rashtrakutas rule ended?
Answer: The weakness in administration during the period of Karka II paved the way for the rise of his feudatory ruler Tailapa II of the Kalyana Chalukyas and brought the end of the Rashtrakutarule.

Class 8 History Chapter 11 Guide On The Rashtrakutas Of Manyakheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana KSEEB 

Question 5. What were the sources of Income for the Rashtrakutas?
Answer: Land revenue, the toll on goods, houses, shops, and tax on occupations like operating ferries, formed the income of the kingdom. Foreign trade also brought in lot of taxes

Question 6.Who was ‘Kaditavergade’ ?
Answer: There was an officer called ‘Kaditavergade’ appointed to look after the collection of land revenue.

The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Answer the following questions in four to six sentences:

Question 1. How was the administrative system of the Rashtrakutas?
Answer: The kingship among the Rashtrakutas was hereditary. There used to be a Council of Ministers to assist the King There would be a prominent person in the Council of Ministers appointed as the Mahasandhivigrahi to look after foreign affairs. For the purpose of administrative convenience, the kingdom was divided into Rashtra (Mandal1, Vishaya, Nadu and Grama. The leader of the grama was called gramapati or prabhugavunda. He was the leader of the village army too. He was assisted by the village accountant. There were grama sabhas also. There used to be an official called nadagavundain the nidus. Similar officials would be there in the vi shay as an ashtray. The vishayapati and the Rashtrapati were the officers for the vaishya or the district and the Rashtra respectively.

Question 2. How was rural administration organised?
Answer: The leader of the grama was called gramapati or prabhugavunda. He was the leader of the village army too. He was assisted by the village accountant. There were grama sabhas also. There used to be an official called nadagavunda in the nidus. Similar officials would be there in the Visayas and rashers.

Question 3. Explain the contribution of the Rashtrakutas to the field of literature.
Answer: The Rashtrakutas encouraged both Kannada and Sanskrit. Excellent works were written in Sanskrit. Trivikrama wrote Nalachampu, the first champu work in Sanskrit literature. Hal yudha wrote ‘Kavirahasya’. Jinasena, mathematician Mahaveeracharya, grammarian Shakatayana, Gunabhadra, and Veerasena were in Amoghavarsha’s court. Pampa, known as Adikavi wrote Adipurana and Vikramarjunavijaya in Kannada. Ubhayakavi Ponna composed ‘Shanti Purana’. Shrivijaya, who was in the court of Amoghavarsha, wrote ‘Kavirajamarga’.

Question 4. How was the education system in the Rashtrakuta period?
Answer: Agraharas and maths were the prominent educational centres in those days. Knowledge was imparted about Sanskrit, the Vedas, astrology, logic and the Puranas. Salotgi inland taluk of Bijapur district was one of the leading centres of learning.

KSEEB Class 8 Rashtrakutas And Chalukyas Study Materials 

Question 5. Explain the contribution of the Rashtrakuta to religion.
Answer: The Rashtrakuta kings were devotees of Shiva and Vishnu, and built many Shiva and Vishnu temples. Jainism had received royal patronage and became a widespread religion.

Question 6. The Kailashnath temple is a monolithic wonder. Justify
Answer: The Kailashnath temple at Ellora built by Krishna I is a monolithic wonder. This temple has been carved from a rock 100 feet high, 276 feet long and 154 feet wide

Question 7. Explain the administrative arrangements of Chalukyas of Kalyana.
Answer: Like the Chalukyas of Badami, the Chalukyas of Kalyana too have made special contributions in various fields. The kingship was hereditary. The kingdom was divided into provinces (mandal1 and small provinces (nadu). There were Campanas (today’s hobli) to enable the smooth functioning of the administration of villages.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 12 The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Points To Remember

• According to Sangam literature, Karikala Chola is the founder of this dynasty. Vijayalaya Chola revived the kingdom and made Thanjavur as his capital.
• Rajaraja I was a brave, great warrior and able administrator. As the founder of the Chola empire, he strengthened its foundations and expanded his kingdom.
• The Brihadeeshwara temple built by Rajaraja Chola I in Thank savior is a very famous one.
• The Chola empire weakened during the period of Rajendra Chola III, and the Pandyas could overpower them easily.
• There was a committee of subjects called Ur in every village.
• The grama sabhas were the first sabhas. Tara- kurram was a village. Every Khurram had a village committee named Mahasabha. This was also called perumguri and its members perumakkal.
• The Cholas constructed many lakes, and the Bellandur lake near Bangalore is one of these. They built a huge pond in Gangaikonda Cholapuram.
• The Brihadeeshwara temple in Thanjavur is 500 feet tall and it is in a courtyard 250 feet wide. Its shikhara is 200 feet tall. The Choleshwara temple was built by Raj endurance.
• Ramayana written by Kamba, Periya Purana composed by Sekkilar, and Thirukkadeva’s Jeevika Chintamani was the important works.
• The founder of this dynasty, Sala, on the order of a Jain monk, Sudatta, fought with a tiger and, killed it near Sosevuru village (today’s Angadi)in Mudigere taluk of Chikmagalur district Vishnuvardhana was tired important Hoysala king who came after Nrupakama, Ereyanga, and Ballala.
• Vishnuvardhana won Gangavadi from the Cholas and earned the title ‘Talakadugonda’. In order to commemorate this victory, he built the Kirtinarayan temple in Talakadu and the Chennakeshava (Vijayanarayan1 temple at Belur.
• Ramanujacharya could not spread the message ofVishishtadvaita sect in the Chola kingdom and come to Bittideva’s (Vishnuvardhan1 court, and under his patronage, spread his faith in the whole of Karnataka.
• In the villages, there used to be the representatives of the government like the Gowda, senabova, talawaraand others.
• A unique feature of this society was that the king used to have a special army of guards called; garuda’. When the king died, these guards would also sacrifice their lives.
• Rudrabhatta wrote ‘JagannathaVijaya’, the great poet Janna wrote ‘Yashodhara Charite’, Harihara composed the Champu poem ‘Girija Kalyana’, Raghavanka authored ‘Harishchandra Kavya’ and Keshiraja wrote ‘Shabdamani Darpana’. Even in Sanskrit, memorable works composed were Sreebhasya by Ramanujacharya and Parasharabhatta, composed Sri Guna Ratnakosha.
• There are beautiful idols of Madanikas (Shilabalikas) on the brackets of the pillars of the Chennakeshava temple at Belur.
• The military general, Ketamalla, built the Hoysaleshwara temple at Halebidu.
• The Keshava temple constructed by Somadandanayaka at Somanathapura is famous.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Exercises

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Fill in the blanks:

1. The capital of the Cholas was Thanjavur.
2. The committee of the subjects in every village during the period of the Cholas was Ur
3. The most famous Chola educational center or agrahara was Uttaramerur
4. The temple in Begur near Bangalore built by the Cholas was the Choleshwara temple.
5. The army of bodyguards during the time of the Hoysalas was garuda.
6. The poem written by Raghavanka was Harishchandra Kavya.

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Answer, in brief, the following questions.

Question 1. Who was the founder of the Chola kingdom?
Answer: Karikala Chola was the founder of the Chola kingdom.

Class 8 History The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra KSEEB Notes 

Question 2. Write a note on the significant features of the Chola administration.
Answer: The Cholas had set up an able and efficient administrative system. The kingdom had been divided into mandalam, kotwangi, Nadu, Khurram, or community of villages, and tara-Khurram. There was a committee of subjects called Ur in every village.

Question 3. Describe the encouragement given by the Hoysalas to literature.
Answer: Kannada literature flourished immensely. Rudrabhatta wrote ‘JagannathaVijaya’, the great poet Janna wrote4 Yashodhara Charite’, Harihara composed the Champu poem4 Girij a Kalyana’, Raghavanka authored ‘Harishchandra Kavya’ and Keshiraja wrote ‘Shabdamani Darpana’. Even in Sanskrit, memorable works composed were Sreebhasya by Ramanujacharya and Parasharabhatta, composed by Sri Guna Ratnakosha.

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The Cholas were the subordinates of the
1) Pallavas
2) Chalukyas
3) Hoysalas
4) Pandyas
Answer: 1) Pallavas

Question 2. The founder of the Chola dynasty was
1) Karikala Chola
2) Vijayalaya Chola
3) Raj araj a Chola I
4) Rajendra Chola
Answer: 1) Karikala Chola

Question 3. Ur means a
1)committee
2) village
3) city
4) fort
Answer: 1) committee

Question 4. The Bellandur lake near Bangalore was built by the
1)Pallavas
2)Chalukyas
3)Cholas
4)Pandyas
Answer: 3) Cholas

KSEEB Class 8 History Chapter 12 Questions And Answers 

Question 5. The Choleshwara temple was built by
1 Karikala Chola
2) Vijayalaya Chola
3) Raj araj a Chola I
4) Rajendran Chola
Answer: 4) Rajendran Chola

Question 6.Periya Purana composed by
1) Sekkilar
2) Kamba
3) Thirukkadeva
4) Rudrabhatta
Answer: 1) Sekkilar

Question 7. The important Hoysala king was
1) Ereyanga
2) Nrupakama
3) Ballala
4) Vishnuvardhana
Answer: 4) Vishnuvardhana

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Answer the following questions in a sentence each:

Question 1. Which was the capital of the Hoysalas?
Answer: Dwarasamudra was the capital of the Hoysalas

Question 2. Who were garudas?
Answer: A unique feature of this society was that the king used to have a special army of guards called ‘garuda’.

Question 3. How were the Cholas rule ended?
Answer: The Chola empire weakened during the period of Rajendra Chola III, and the Pandyas could overpower them easily.

The Cholas and Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra KSEEB Class 8 Textbook Solutions 

Question 4. Who was the founder of the Chola kingdom?
Answer: Karikala Chola was the founder of the Chola kingdom.

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Answer, in brief, the following questions:

Question 1. How was Cholas’ village administration?
Answer: The gramasabha dealt with the problems of the village. The gramabhojaka looked after the village administration.

Question 2. Write a short note on the Brihadeeshwara temple of Thanjavur.
Answer: The Brihadeeshwara temple in Thanjavur is 500 feet tall and it is in a courtyard 250 feet wide. Its shikhara is 200 feet tail. The Choleshwara temple was built by Rajendran.

Question 3. What were the achievements of Rajaraia Chola 
Answer: Rajaraja I strengthened its foundations and expanded his kingdom. He overpowered the Cheras, Gangas, and Pandyas. He captured Sri Lanka by building a naval force. He built the Brihadeeshwara temple in Thanjavur.

KSEEB Class 8 Cholas And Hoysalas Study Materials 

Question 4. How did the Hoysalas get their name?
Answer: The founder of this dynasty Sala, on the order of a Jain monk, Sudatta, fought with a tiger and, killed it near Sosevuru village (today’s Angadi) in Mudigere taluk of Chikmagalur district. It inspired the people to exclaim Tloysala!’, and he established this empire.

Question 5. What were the achievements of Vishnuvardhana?
Answer: Vishnuvardhana was the important Hoysala king He won Gangavadi from the Cholas and earned the title Talakadugonda’. In order to commemorate this victory, he built the Kirtinarayan temple in Talakadu and the Chennakeshava (Vijayanarayan1 )temple at Belur. He tried to expand his kingdom but was defeated by the Chalukyan king Vikramaditya VI.

Question 6. How did Vishnuvardhana help Ramanujachrya?
Answer: Ramanuj acharya could not spread the message ofVishishtadvaita sect in the Chola kingdom and come to Bittideva’s (Vishnuvardhan1 court, and under his patronage, spread his faith in the whole ofKamataka.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 10 The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Points To Remember

• The Chalukya dynasty occupies an important position in the history of South India and is one of the most powerful dynasties in India.
• Raja Jayasimha is the founder of the Chalukya dynasty.
• The most powerful and noteworthy emperor of this dynasty is Pulakeshi II.
• When Ilarshavardhana, who was ruling in North India, he advanced up to the banks of river Narmada, Pulakeshi stopped him and earned the titles of’Dakshinapatheshwara’ and ‘Lord of the Peninsula’ for his daring act.
• Arab historians report that Pulakeshi II had diplomatic relations with the Persian king, Khusru II.
• The Chalukyas were the ones who gave the name ‘Karnataka’ to this land.
• The kingdom was divided into districts called vishaya and the vishayadhipati used to look after it
• The Sanskrit scholars of this time are Ravikirti, Vijjika, and Akalanka. Kaumudi Mahotsav was written by Pulakeshi II’s daughter-in-law, poetess Vijjika, and Hara Parvatiya of Shivabhattaraka are important Sanskrit drama.
• The evolution of the series of temple architecture has first been experimented with here. This style found its full expression at Pattadakallu.
• The Pallavas are the first kings of Tamilnadu.
• The Pallavas and the Kadambas harbored perpetual enmity towards each other. Subsequently, Pulakeshi II of the Chalukya dynasty defeated Mahendravarma of the Pallava dynasty.
• Narasimhavarma built a city on the sea coast near Kanchi and named it Mahabalipuram.
• Bharavi (the author of Kirataijuniya) and Dandi (the author of Dashakumar Charita) were the poets in the Pallava court.
• King Mahendravarma himself wrote a social drama, ‘Matta Vila-sa Prahasana’ and a book Bhagavadujjuka. This age witnessed the rise of the Bhakti movement. It also supported the renaissance of the Vedic religion. Slokas were written in Tamil. These have become tire treasures of Tamil literature.
• Pancharathas are famous monolithic temples. The carving of ‘Arjuna’s Meditation’ has emerged as an excellent work of art.
• The temples ofKailasanath, Ekambamath, and Vaikurita Perumal at Kanchi, and the coastal temple at Mahabalipuram are excellent examples of ancient Indian architecture.
• The Pallavas had a good naval force. Merchants had trade relations with South Asian countries like Malaya, Indonesia, and others.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Exercises

The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Fill in the blanks:

1. The Pallava king who was defeated by Pulakeshi is Mahendravarma.
2. The dynasty which gave the name Karnataka is the Chalukyas of Badami.
3. The writer of the Sanskrit drama Hara Parvatiya is Shivabhattaraka.
4. The Pallava king who earned the title Vatapikonda is Narasimhavarma I.
5. The painting The Meditation of Arjuna is in Mahabalipuram.

Class 8 History The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi KSEEB Notes 

The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1. How did Pulakeshi II extend his empire?
Answer: The most powerful and noteworthy emperor of the Chalukya dynasty is Pulakeshi II. Overpowering the Gangas, Kadambas, and /or VI upas, he emended his empire. The Pallavas were at the peak of glory in South Deccan. Since Mahendravarma did not accept the sovereignty of Pulakeshi, Pulakeshi defeated him. When Harshavardhana, who was smiling in North India, he advanced upto the banks of river Narmada, Pulakeshi stopped hint and earned The titles of ‘Dakshinapatheshwara’ and ‘Lord of the Peninsula’ for his daring act.

Question 2. Describe the administrative system of the Chalukyas.
Answer: The king was actively involved in administration. The kingdom was divided into districts called vishaya and the vishayadhipati used to look after it. The village was the smallest unit of the administration. The village leaders looked after the village accounts.

Question 3. The Chalukyas were lovers of literature. Explain with examples.
Answer: The Chalukyas of Badami patronized literature. Kannada and Sanskrit developed very well. The Tripodi form of poetry came into existence. There are many inscriptions written in Kannada. One of the poems in the inscription of Kappe Arabhatta of Badami is in tripod form. Ravikirti, Vi y Oca, and Akalanka were Sanskrit scholars. Kaumudi Mahotsav was written by Vijjika, Hara Parvatiya of Shivabhattaraka are important Sanskrit drama.

Question 4. Name the Pallava kings who ruled from Kanchi.
Answer: Shivaskandavarma, Mahendravarma, and Narasimhavarma J were the Pallava kings

Question 5. How did the Pallavas encourage Sanskrit and Tamil?
Answer: The Pallavas encouraged both Sanskrit and Tamil. Kanchi was the center of Sanskrit literature. Bharavi (the author of Kiratarjuniya) and Dandi (the author of Dashakumar Charita) were the poets in the Pallava court. King Mahendravarma himself wrote a social drama, ‘Matta Vila-sa Prahasana’ and a book Bhagavadujjuka.

The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The founder of the Chalukyas dynasty was
1) Raja Jayasimlia
2) Pulakeshi H
3) PulaTakeshi I
4) Mangalesh
Answer: 1) Raja Jayasimha

Question2. The most powerful and noteworthy emperor of the Chalukyas dynasty is
1) Jayaslmha
2) Pulakesiii II
3) Pulakeshi I
4) Mangalesh
Answer: 2) Pulakesiii II

Question 3. Kaumudi Mahotsav was written by
1) Vijjika
2) Ravikirti
3) Kappe Arabhatta
4) Akalanka
Answer: 1) Vijjika

Question 4. The writer of the Play Hara Parvatiya is
1) Vijjika
2) Ravikirti
3) Shivabhattaraka
4) Akalanka
Answer: 3) Shivabhattaraka

Question 5. The first kings of Tamilnadu was the
1) Pallavas
2) Choias
3)Pandyas
4) Cheras
Answer: 1) Pallavas

KSEEB History Chapter 10 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 6. The first king of the Pallava dynasty was
1) Shivaskandavarma
2) Narasimhavarma I
3) Narasimhavarma II
4) Mahendravarman
Answer: 1) Shivaskandavarma

Question 7. Bhars’Livrote
1) Kiratai Duniya
2) Dash; Kumar Charita.
3) Malta Viiasa Prahasana
4) Rajatarangini
Answer: 1) Kiratarjuniya

Question 8. The author of Dashakumar Charita was
1) Card i
2) Bharavi
3) Mahendravarma
4) Narasimhavarrnan
Answer: 1) Dandi

Question 9. The authorof‘Matta Vila-saPrahasana’was
1) Dandi
2)Bharavi.
3) Mahendravarma
4) Narasimhavarrnan
Answer: 3) Mahendravarma

The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Answer the following questions in one sentence or two sentences each:

Question 1. Which were the titles assumed by Pulakeshi II?
Answer: Pulakeshi II earned the titles of ‘Dakshinapatheshwara’ and ‘Lord of the Peninsula’ for his daring act.

Question 2. How was the relationship of Pulakeshi II with foreign kings?
Answer: Pulakeshi II was an optimistic emperor. He had friendly relations with foreign kings too. Arab historians report that he had diplomatic relations with the Persian king, Khusru II.

Question 3. How did the Pallavas become independent?
Answer: In the beginning, Pallavas were the officials of the Shatavahanas. When the Shatavahana dynasty declined, the Pallavas declared themselves kings of the territory.

Question 4. Which were the titles assumed by Narasimhavarrnan?
Answer: Mahamalla and Vatapikonda were the titles assumed by Narasimhavarrnan

Question 5. Which was city built by Narasimhavarma?
Answer: Mahabalipuram was city built by Narasimhavarma

Class 8 History Chapter 10 Guide On The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi KSEEB 

Question 6. How was the rule of Pallavas ended?
Answer: During the reign of Aparajita Pallava, Aditya of the Chola dynasty put an end to the Pallava me.

The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Answer the following questions in four to six sentences each:

Question 1. Pulikesh II was the most powerful king of Chalukyas of Badami. Justify.
Answer: The most powerful and noteworthy emperor of the Chalukya dynasty is Pulakeshi n. Overpowering the Gangas, Kadambas, and Alupas, he extended his empire. The Pallavas were at the peak of glory in South Deccan. Since Mahendravarma did not accept the sovereignty of Pulakeshi, Pulakeshi defeated him. When Harshavardhana, who was ruling in North India, he advanced upto the banks of river Narmada, Pulakeshi stopped him and earned the titles of ‘Dakshinapatheshwara’ and ‘Lord of the Peninsula’ for his daring act.

Question 2. How was the relationship of Pulakeshi II with the Pallava Kings?
Answer: Pulakeshi II of the Chalukya dynasty defeated Mahendravarma of the Pallava dynasty. Narasimhavarma I who came later was the most famous of the Pallava kings. He took revenge on the Chalukyas by defeating Pulakeshi II and capturing Vatapi.

Question 3. Explain the contribution of the Chalukyas to the religion.
Answer: The Chalukyas encouraged all traditions and sects like that of the Shaivas, Vaishnavas, and Jains. They supported the construction of Jain temples and Buddhist viharas too.

Question 4. Explain the administrative arrangements of the Pallavas.
Answer: They introduced systematic administration in Tamil Nadu. Their kingdom was strong and organized. There were ministers and provincial officers. The kingdom had been divided into a mandala, Nadu, and grama. The grama sabha dealt with the problems of the village. The gramabhojaka looked after the village administration.

Question 5. Explain the contribution of the Chalukyas to Art and Architecture.
Answer: The Chalukyas of Badami built beautiful temples at Badami, Aihole and Pattadakallu. They developed ‘The Chalukya Style’ in Indian architecture. They built cave temples in the rocks of Badami. The best temples in the Chalukya style are in Aihole and Pattadkallu. Aihole was one of the cradles of temple architecture. Lokeshwara (Virupaksha) and Trilokeshwara (Mallikarjuna) are the famous temples. Sculptures of Vishnu, Varaha, Harihara, and Ardhanarishwara in the caves of Badami are unique. The Aj anta paintings of this period are world-famous.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution Textbook Questions

Question 1. Why does a democratic country need a Constitution?

Answer. All the democratic countries of the world have a Constitution. A democratic country needs Constitution due to the following reasons:

• Supreme Law of the Country: The Constitution is the supreme law of the state. The government at the state and central level work within the sphere of powers given to them by the constitution.
• Provide Basic Rules: The Constitution provides basic rules and principles on the basis of which a democratic government functions.
• Nature of Government: It is the Constitute on that decides how the government will be organised.
• Rule of Law: Rule of law is a basic feature of a democratic country and the Constitution makes provisions for this feature.
• Limitations on the Government: The Constitution imposes limitations on the three organs of the government.

Question 2. Look at the wording of the two documents given below. The first column is from the 1990Nepal Constitution. The second column is from the more recent Interim Constitution of Nepal.

What is the difference in who exercises ‘Executive Power’ in the above two Constitutions of Nepal? Keeping this in mind, why do you think Nepal needs a new Constitution today?

Answer . Under Article 35 of 1990, in the Constitution of Nepal, executive powers were exclusively vested with the King of Nepal. The King was the head of the state, as well as head of the government

He exercised all the executive powers which were absolute. But under the Interim Constitution of 2007, the executive powers are vested with the Council of Ministers. The executive powers and functions are exercise in the name of the Prime Minister of Nepal.

Council of Ministers and Prime Minister exercise executive powers in accordance with the provisions of the Constitution. According to the Interim Constitution, Constitution is supreme rather than the King of Nepal. In changed circumstances, there is a great need of a new’ Constitution which is based on democratic principles. Old Constitution does not reflect the ideals of the country. Hence, a new Constitution is needed for establishing democracy in Nepal.

Question 3. What would happen if there were no restrictions on the powers of elected representatives?

Answer. In a democratic country, the government is run by the elected representatives. In India, legislative and executive powers are vested with the elected representative of the people. It is very essential that the elected representatives exercise their power to serve the people. They should exercise their powers in accordance with the provision of the Constitution. There should be some constitutional and legal restrictions on the powers of the elected representatives.

If there are no restrictions, then the elected representatives will misuse the powers for their selfish interests and they will not serve the people. The Constitution limits the powers of the elected representatives in many ways. Generally, the powers of the elected representatives are limited by giving fundamental rights to the citizens.

Question 4. In each of the following situations, identify the minority. Write one reason why you think it is important to respect the views of the minority in each of these situations.
(a)In a school with 30 teachers, 20 of them are male.
(b)In a city, 5 per cent of the population are Buddhists.
(c)In a factory mess for all employees, 80 per cent are vegetarians.
(d)In a class of 50 students, 40 belong to more well-off families.

Answer.

(a) In a school with 30 teachers, women teachers are in a minority. Male teachers should respect the views and wishes of women teachers because under the Constitution, both men and women are equal.

(b)In a city, Buddhists are in a minority and the majority should respect the religion and sentiments of the Buddhists.

(c)In a factory mess, non-vegetarians are in a minority and majority vegetarians should respect the views of the minority
.
(d)In a class of 50 students, 10 students who are rot from well-off families are in a minority. The majority should respect the views of the minority so that inferiority complex does rot develop among them.

Class 8 Civics The Indian Constitution KSEEB Notes 

Question 5. The column on the left lists some of the key features of the Indian Constitution. In the other column write two sentences, in your own words, on why you think this feature is important:

Questions 6. Color the following countries on the given map:

(a)Color India in red
(b) Color Nepal in green
(c) Color Bangladesh in yellow

Answer. Color it yourself.

The Indian Constitution Text Questions

Question 1. Discuss with your teacher what you understand by the term ‘constitutive’. Provide one example of constitutive rules’ from your everyday life. Why do the people of Nepal want a new Constitution?

Answer. The people of Nepal want a new constitution because the old constitution does not reflect the ideals of the country. The people of Nepal want Nepal to be an ideal country for which they have fought for.

Question 2. Look at the pictures given on Page 7 of the NCERT Textbook and answer the following questions:
(i)In what way is the class monitor misusing his power?
(ii)In which of the following situations is a minister misusing his power:
(a)refuses to sanction a project of his ministry for sound technical reasons;
(b)threatens to send his security staff to rough up his neighbor;
(c)calls up the police station asking them not to register a complaint that is likely to be filed against his relative.

Answer.

(i)The monitor, Suresh, is misusing his power by picking on Anil.
(ii)(a)The minister s not misusing his powers.
(b)The minister is misusing his powers.
(c)The minister is misusing his powers.

Question 3. Who is in a minority in the storyboard on In what way is this minority being dominated by the decision taken by the majority?

Answer. The girls are the minority in the storyboard. The girls are being dominated by the boys as the teacher decides what game they should play by the show of hands and as there are more boys in the class, the boys always dominate the girls.

Question 4. Why was Shabnam happy chat she had not watched TV? What would you have done in a similar situation?

Answer. Shabnam was happy by not watching the TV. because she revised the chapters and there were many questions from the last two chapters. I would have done the same.

Question 5. Discuss the difference between State and Government with your teacher.

Answer. The word ‘State’ does not refer to state governments and is used to distinguish it from ‘government1. The Government can change with every election and is responsible for enforcing the laws and administering them. On the contrary, a State is a political institution representing the sovereign people within a particular territory. The government (or the executive) is one part of the State. The Government and the State are two very- different concepts and can not be used in place of the other.

questions 6. Which Fundamental Rights will the following situations violate:

1. If a 13-year old child is working in a factory manufacturing carpets.
2. If a politician in one state decides to not allow laborers from other states to work in his state.
3. If a group of people are not given permission to open a Telugu-medium school in Kerala.
4. If the government decides not to promote an officer of the armed forces because she is a woman.

Answer.

1. Right against Exploitation
2. Right to Freedom
3. Cultural and Educational Rights
4.  Right to Equality.

KSEEB Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 Questions And Answers 

Question 7. The Constitution also mentions fundamental duties. Find out with the help of your teacher what these include and why it is important for citizens in a democracy to observe these.

Answer . It is important for citizens in a democracy to observe these Fundamental Duties as they tell us:

1.To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
2.To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
3.To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. To promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our complete culture.
7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
8. To develop the scientific temper’, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
10. To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individuals and collective activity’ so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.
II. Who is parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or as the case may be ward between the age for 6 to 14 years.

The Indian Constitution Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee?

Answer. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.

Question 2. When was the Constituent Assembly of India established?

Answer. The Constituent Assembly was established in July, 1946.

Question 3. How much time did the Constituent Assembly take to draft the Indian Constitution?

Answer.  The Constituent Assembly took 2 years, I I months and 18 days to frame the Constitution.

Question 4. Name the permanent Chairman of the Constituent Assembly.

Answer. Dr. Rajendra Prasad was the Permanent Chairman of the Constituent Assembly.

Question 5. What is the source of the authority according to the Preamble?

Answer. The Preamble expresses in a very clear language that the people are the ultimate source of all authority.

Question 6. How many members were there in the Constituent Assembly?

Answer . The Constituent Assembly consisted of 389 members.

Question 7. What form of government exists in India?

Answer. The Indian Constitution establishes a parliamentary form of government in India.

Question 8. State any two features of the Constitution of India.

Answer.

1. The Constitution of India is in a written form and is supreme.
2. The Constitution of India is the most detailed Constitution in the world.

Question 9. Explain the meaning of Fundamental Rights.

Answer. The legal rights mentioned in the Constitution are called Fundamental Rights. These rights are considered essential for the development of an individual.

Question 10. How many Fundamental Rights are there ‘at present’ in our Constitution?

Answer. At present, there are six Fundamental Rights n our Constitution.

Question 11 . Mention one characteristic of the Right against Exploitation.

Answer. Selling and buying (trafficking) of human beings and forced labor is prohibited.

Question 12. Mention one distinction between the Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles of State Policy.

Answer. Fundamental Rights are justifiable while Directive Principles are not.

Question l3. Which type of government existed in Nepal in 1990?

Answer. In 1990, Nepal had monarchy.

Question 14. When was democracy established in Nepal?

Answer. In 2006, democracy was established in Nepal.

Question 15. Why did the people of Nepal want a new constitution?

Answer. The people of Nepal wanted a new constitution as the old constitution did not reflect the ideals of the country, that the people of the country want Nepal to be, and that they had fought for.

The Indian Constitution KSEEB Class 8 Textbook Solutions 

The Indian Constitution Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Explain the meaning of Constitution.

Answer. The Constitution is a collection of those rules and regulations according to which the administration of the state is run. The administration of each state is run in accordance with certain rules law regulations. It is the fundamental law reflecting the will of the people. It determines the powers and responsibilities of the state. It also states people’s rights and duties.

Question 2. Write a short note on the meaning of the Preamble.

Answer. The Constitution of India begins with a Preamble. The Preamble serves the purpose of a window through which we peep into the intentions of the makers of the Constitution. In short, the Preamble is a summary of the objectives and basic philosophy of the Constitution. It helps n the interpretation of the constitution. With the help of the Preamble, we can understand the basic philosophy of the Constitution.

Question 3. Discuss the objectives of our Constitution as embodied in the Preamble.

Answer.  Following are the objectives of our Constitution given in the Preamble:

1. Justice—social, political and economic;
2. Liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship;
3. Equality of status and opportunity, and
4. Fraternity, assuring the dignity of the individal and the unity of the Nation.

Question 4. Mention some federal features of our Constitution.

Answer.

1. It is a written Constitution.
2. It is partly rigid.
3. There is a distribution of powers between the centre and the states.
4. There is an independent and competent Supreme Court to settle disputes between the Centre and the States and among the States.
5. Union Parliament is bicameral. It consists of two Houses—the Lok Sabha and the Rajya Sabha.
6. The Constitution is supreme.

Question 5. Mention four features of the Indian Parliamentary System.

Answer.

1. The President of India is a nominal head of the State.
2. The Cabinet, with the Prime Minister as its head, act as the real executive.
3. There is a close relationship between the Cabinet and the Parliament.
4. The Cabinet is collectively responsible to the Parliament.

Question6. Why are Fundamental Rights enumerated in the Indian Constitution?

Answer. Fundamental Rights are included in the Constitution to uphold the dignity of the individual. The object of Fundamental Rights is to sustain the proposition that the system of government by the Constitution embodies the concept of limited government, i.e., a government of laws and not of men.

Question 7. Mention any two Fundamental Rights which Constitution confers on minorities.

Answer.

1. The Constitution provides that any section of the citizens residing in the territory of India or any part thereof having distinct language, script or culture of its own shall have
2. The Constitution provides that all minorities, whether based on religion or language shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice. The State shall not in granting aid to educational institutions, discriminate against any educational institution on the ground that it is under the management of a minority

Question 8.Mention any two conditions under which ‘Fundamental Rights’ can be restricted.

Answer.

1. During the proclamation of emergency caused by external aggression or armed rebellion, the President can by order suspend Fundamental Rights and their enforcement in the court of law.
2. During emergency caused by internal disturbance, Fundamental Rights under Article 19 are automatically suspended in the disturbed area.

Question 9. Explain the meaning of Directive Principles of State Policy.

Answer. The Directive Principles of State Policy are those principles which are fundamental in the governance of the country. These principles describe the ambitions and aspirations of the framers of the Constitution regarding the establishment of welfare state in India. The Directive Prince pies are in the nature of directions, instructions or recommendations to the Union and State government to be followed while framing the laws and formulating the policy.

Question 10. Write any four Directive Principles of State Policy.

Answer.

1. The state shall strive to promote the welfare of the people.
2. The state shall strive to minimise the inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities.
3. A uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.
4. The state shall promote international peace and security.

Question 1l . Explain briefly the purposes of the Constitution.

Answer.

1. The Constitution lays out certain ideals and objectives which the country should follow.
2. The second purpose of a Constitution is to define the nature of a country’s political systems.
3. The Constitution puts limitation or the elected representatives of the people so that they cannot misuse the powers.

Important Questions For KSEEB Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 

The Indian Constitution Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. ‘India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic. Explain.

Answer. The Preamble proclaims that the people of India have resolved to constitute India into a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic.’

1. India is a Sovereign State: It means that now, after the promulgation of the Constitution, India is not subject to any foreign rule. India is fully sovereign, internally as well as externally. No other country can compel India to follow or not to follow a particular policy.
2. India is a Socialist State: Natural resources and wealth of the nation should be used for the welfare of the whole society. Government should regulate the ownership of land and industry to reduce socio-economic inequalities.
3. India is a Secular State: There is no offical religion of the state. Freedom of religion has been granted to all persons residing in India. All persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to practice and propagate religion.
4. India is a Democratic State: Indian policy is based on democratic principles. The people elect their representatives on the basis of adult franchise. Al citizens enjoy equal political rights. The government is run according to same basic rules.
5. India is a Republican State: The head of the state (President) is elected for a period of five years. There is no room for a hereditary monarch like the one in England.

Question 2. Discuss basic features of the Indian Constitution,

Answer . Important features of the Constitution are the following:

1. A Written and Detailed Constitution: The Republic of India has a written Constitution. It is the longest and the most detailed Constitution n the world. It is five times as long as that of the U.SA
2. Federal Structure: The Indian Constitution is Federal in structure. It has federal features such as a written Constitution, division of subjects between the center and the states, double sete of governments independent judiciary, bicameral legislature, etc. Though the Constitution is federal in structure, it is unitary- in spirit It has some unitary- features like the distribution of powers in favor of the Centre, financial dependence of the states on the Centre and Emergency powers of the centre.  Al these provisions make the union government very’ strong.
3. Parliamentary Form of government India has a Parliamentary form of government like Great Britain. The executive head of the state, i.e., the President is the nominal head. The real powers of the state are enjoyed by the Prime Minister and the Cabinet The Cabinet is responsible to the Parliament. It can compel the cabinet to resign by passing a vote of no confidence against it
4. Fundamental Rights and Duties: Fundamental Rights of citizens are provided in the Constitution, if a citizen’s right is infringed, he can go to the court for the protection of his right. The citizens : are also required to perform certain duties. These are essential for their own development and
   to uphold the sovereignty, unity and integrity of the country.
5. Directive Principles of State Policy: These are the guiding and directive principles which the government makes keep in mind while framing its policies. These principles are for the welfare • of the people and aim at establishing a socialist society’.
6. Single Citizenship: The Indian citizens are granted single citizenship that of the Indian union alone. This means that all citizens are regarded as the citizens of India. They do not hold the separate citizenship of the state in which they live.
7.  Independent Judiciary: The Constitution makes the judiciary independent. An independent judiciary can safeguard the rights and liberties of the citizens. It protects the individual against the high-handedness of the government.
8. Universal Adult Franchise: To make India a truly democratic state, every1 adult has been given the right to vote. Every citizen above the age of eighteen, has the right to vote without any discrimination. There are more than seventy crore voters who can vote in general elections.
9. Our National Language: The Constitution recognises Hindi as the official language of India.
10. Secular State: The Constitution of India establishes a secular state. The citizens have been guaranteed freedom of religion. There is no official religion of the state.

Question 3. Examine the significance of the Preamble to the Indian Constitution.

Answer . The Preamble is not a part of the Constitution. It does not have any legal force. Still it has special significance. The significance of the Preamble s as follows:

1. Source of Authority: The Preamble defines the source of authority from the Constitution is derived. The words, ‘We, the people of India are very significant.
2. Nature of Indian Polity: The Preamble emphasises the fact that India is a Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic, Republic.
3. Symbol of Objectives: The Preamble is the symbol of those objectives which the Constitution makers pledged to attain. The Preamble assures the people of India Justice-modal, Economic and Political.
4. Key to the Constitution: The Preamble is the soul and spirit of the Constitution. The Preamble is the mirror of the Constitution.
5. Guide to the Government: The Preamble to the Constitution provides guidelines to the government of the day
6. .Guidelines to the Judiciary: Whenever a Court of Justice has to explain some articles of the Constitution then it takes the help of the ideas expressed through the Preamble of the Constitution.
7. Yardstick to Evaluate the Performance of the Government The Preamble enables the people to assess and evaluate the performance of the government in the light of the objectives laid down in the Preamble. It keeps the government on its toes.

Question 4. Discuss the objectives of the Constitution mentioned in the Preamble.

Answer. In the Preamble following objectives are mentioned:

1. Justice: The object of the Constitution is that all the citizens of India should get justice in every sphere of life. In the Preamble, the idea of achieving social, economic and political justice for all citizens has been mentioned. To achieve social, economic and political justice provisions have been made in the Constitution.
2. Liberty: Another objective of the Indian Constitution is to secure liberty for the people of India. The citizens of India have been guaranteed a number of freedoms by the Constitution. The Preamble holds forth an assurance to secure to all citizens liberty of thought, expression, belief, faith and worship and equality of status and opportunity.
3. Equality: The third objective of the Indian Constitution laid down in the Preamble is equality. The Preamble ensures equality of aJI in the eyes of law. No person is to be deprived of his life and liberty unless he has violated a law in existence. Whatever may be the social status of a person, he is a subject to law. The Constitution prohibits discrimination on the basis of caste, color, creed, religion, sex, place of birth, etc. The Constitution provides equality of opportunity to all.
4. Fraternity: The Preamble to the Constitution lays special stress upon the promotion of fellow feeling among the people of India. Unless the people become a community of interests, their cohesion into one nation is not possible. No one should treat a fellow citizen as inferior.
5. Integrity: The inclusion of the term integrity expresses ‘our determination to put an end to all separatist tendencies.’

Question 5. Describe the various Fundamental Duties which are laid down In Indian Constitution.

Answer . Following are the various Fundamental duties, which are laid down in Indian Constitution:

1. To abide by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.
2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.
3. To uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity and integrity of India.
4. To defend the country and render national service when called upon to do so.
5. o promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities, to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.
6. To value and preserve the rich heritage of our complete culture.
7. To protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.
8. To develop the scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.
9. To safeguard public property and to abjure violence.
10. To strife to wards excellence in all spheres of individuals and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.
11. Who is parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or as the case may be ward between the age for 6 to 14 years.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 1 The Indian Constitution Guide KSEEB 

Question 6. Write an essay on ‘Fundamental Rights’ as incorporated in our Constitution.

Answer. The fundamental Rights enumerated in the Indian Constitution are the most elaborate in the world. The Constitution of India provides for Fundamental Rights by developing a complete and separate Part {Part III) and classifies them under six categories. Six fundamental rights can be explained as follows:

1. Right of Equality (Articles 14 to 18): The Constitution declares all the citizens of India to be equal in the eyes of law. Law provides equal protection to all. The concept of equality is that special privileges of all kinds should be abolished. Untouchability is abolished.
2. Right to Freedom (Articles 19 to 22): The Constitution guarantees to the citizens Rights of Freedom. Article 29 guarantees six freedoms viz. (a) Right to Freedom of Speech and Expression; (b) Right to assemble peacefully and without arms; (c) Right to form associations; (d) Right to move freely throughout the territory of India; (e) Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory of India; (f) Right to practise any profession. Articles 20 to 22 guarantee personal liberty.
3. Right against Exploitation (Articles 23-24): The Constitution of India recognises the dignity of the individual and protect him against any form of exploitation either by the State or by the privileged classes in the society. Art. 23 provides that traffic in human beings and beggar (forced labor) and similar other forms of forced labor are prohibited. Art. 24 prohibits the employment of children below the age of 14 in any factory, mine or any other hazardous (dangerous) employment.
4. Right to Freedom of Religion (Articles 25-28): Right to freedom of religion has been guaranteed to all persons residing in India. The Constitution provides that subject to public order, morality and health, all persons are equally entitled to freedom of conscience and the right to profess, practise and propagate religion. The Constitution prohibits imparting of religious instructions in any educational institution wholly maintained out of State funds.
5. Cultural and Educational Rights (Articles 29 and 30): The Constitution guarantees certain cultural and educational rights. No citizen shall be denied admission into any educationaJ institution maintained by the State receiving aid out of State funds on grounds of religion, race, caste, language or any of them.
   The Constitution protects the interests of the minorities in India. The Constitution provides that all minorities, whether based on religion or language, shall have the right to establish and administer educational institutions of their choice.
6. Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32): The Constitution guarantees the right to move the Supreme Court by appropriate proceedings for the enforcement of the rights conferred by Part III of the Constitution.

Question 7. Write the distribution of powers in Indian Federalism.

Answer. The Constitution of India very clearly distributes the power between the centre and the states. There are three lists of powers between the centre and the states, given in the Constitution:

1. The Union List: There are 97 subjects n the Union list. Only the union government can make laws on these subjects. The main subjects are – Railways, Post and Telegraph, Coinage and Currency, Defence and Foreign Affairs. Laws framed on these subjects are enforced in all states and on all citizens equally.
2. The State List: There are 66 subjects in teh s list. The state government can make laws on them. The main subjects are-law and order, police, agriculture, irrigation and public works. The state legislature frames laws on these subjects.
3. The Concurrent List: There are 47 subjects in the concurrent list On these subjects both the Centre and the States can make laws. But if the two laws are contradictory, the laws made by the Centre shall prevail. The Residuary powers have been given to the Centre under the Constitution.

Question 8. Mention main Federal features of Indian Constitution.

Answer. Following are the main features of Indian Federation:

1. Division of Powers: The Constitution distributes powers between the union government and state government There are three lists or powers in the Constitution: (a) Union List; (b) State List; and (c) Concurrent List
2. Written Constitution: Indian Constitution is a written document. The Indian Constitution consists of 448 Articles and 12 Schedules and so far over 100 Amendments have been made in the Constitution.
3. Rigid Constitution: The Constitution of India is also a rigid one.
   (iv)Supremacy of the Constitution: Indian Constitution is Supreme. The CentraJ and the state governments in India have to act in accordance with the Constitution. The power of judicial review is given to the Supreme Court and high courts to maintain the supremacy of the constitution.
4. Supremacy of Judiciary: The Indian Constitution establishes a powerful and independent judiciary’ in India. It decides disputes between the Centre and the State. It interprets the Constitution and its interpretations are final.
5. Bicameral Legislature: The Indian Parliament consists of two Houses—Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha. The Lok Sabha is the lower house whereas Rajya Sabha is the upper house. Lok Sabha is more powerful than Rajya Sabha.

The Indian Constitution Hots Corner

Question 1. State the necessity of a Preamble in a Constitution.

Answer. It is considered essential that ever)’ written Constitution should possess a Preamble. The Preamble contains the basic ideals and philosophical postulates of a Constitution. The Preamble to the Constitution mirrors the spirit of Constitution. The Indian Constitution also begins with a Preamble. The preamble is essential because it serves the purpose of a window through which we peep into the intensions of the makers of the Constitution. It enables the people to assess and evaluate the performance of the government in the light of the objectives laid down in the Preamble.

Question 2. The Indian Constitution is called a living document’. How?

Answer. Indian Constitution is dynamic. It can be amended to suit the changing condations of the country; After the enforcement of the Constitution, many great social, economic and political changes have come in India. As a result, quite often the need arises to make changes in the Constitution to make it suitable for the new conditions in India. So, the provisions have been made in the Constitution for its amendment from time to time. Till 2015, 100 amendments have been made.

KSEEB Civics Chapter 1 Class 8 The Indian Constitution Miscellaneous Questions

A. Multiple Choice Questions 

Tick the correct option from the choices provided:

Question 1. Indian Constitution was framed by:

(a) Indian Parliament
(b) Dr. Ambedkar
(c) Constituent Assembly
(d) British Parliament

Answers. (c) Constituent Assembly

Question 2. The Indian Constitution was enforced on:

(a)9th December, 1950
(b)15th August, 1947
(c)2oth November, 1949
(d)26th January, 1950

Answer. (d)26th January, 1950

Question 3. Aims of the Constitution are mentioned in the:

(a)Preamble
(b)Fundamental Rights
(c)Directive Principles
d)None of these

Answer. (a) Preamble

Question 4. Who was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly?

(a)Dr. Ambedkar
(b)Pt Jawahar Lai Nehru
(c)Dr. Rajinder Prasad
(d)K.M. Munshi

Answer. (a) Dr. Ambedkar

Question 5. Which of the following right is available under the Indian Constitution?

(a)Right to Equality
(b)Right to Freedom
(c)Right against Exploitation
(d)All of these

Answer.(d) All of these

Question 6. At present Indian citizen enjoys:

(a)Seven Fundamental Rights
(b)Eight Fundamental Rights
(c)Six Fundamental Rights
(d)None of these

Answer. (c) Six Fundamental Rights

The Indian Constitution B. One Word Sentence Answers

Answer the following questions in one word/sentence:

1. The Indian Constitution begins with this document.

Answer. Preamble.

2. An assembly of people’s representatives who framed the Constitution for a country.

Answer. Constituent Assembly.

3.  The permanent Chairman of the Constituent Assembly.

Answer. Dr. Rajendra Prasad.

4. A type of government which existed in Nepal in 1990.

Answer. Monarchy.

5. The number of Fundamental Rights that are present in our Constitution.

Answer. 6.

The Indian Constitution C. Match The Following

Find and write the correct options from the given below columns:

Answer. 1. (e) 2. (b) 3. (a) 4. (c) 5. (d)

The Indian Constitution D. Picture Interpretation

Look at the following picture and answer the questions that follow:

1. who is the personality shown?
   
2. What document is he signing?
   
3. What is the importance of this document?

Answer.

1. The personality shown in the picture is Jawaharlal Nehru.
2. He is signing the Constitution of India.
3. This documents holds immense importance as it is needed to run the country efficiently.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 9 South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Points To Remember

The area between the Vindhya mountains and Kanyakumari in the south is called South India or the Deccan region. The Shatavahanas, Kadambas, Gangas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, and Pallavas have been the important dynasties of the Deccan region. The Shathavahanas were the first to have established a dynasty in the Deccan. Simuka became independent and made Srikakulam, his capital.

• Shalivahana Saka is supposed to have been inaugurated by Gautami Puthra Shatakarni.
• Shatakarni had titles such as ‘Trisamudratoyapitavahana’ and ‘Shatavahana Kulayashapratishtapanakara’.
• The Shatavahanas who followed the Vedic tradition encouraged other religions like Buddhism and Jainism and believed in harmony.
• They promoted art, literature, and education. Literature was created in Prakrit, the language of both scholars and common people. Gathasaptashati written by Hala is an example of this.
• The Ajanta and the Amaravati paintings were created during the period of the Shatavahanas. Temples, viharas, and chaityalayas were also constructed.
• A chaityagraha was built in Karle by the Banavasi merchant Bhootapala.
• The Kadambas is the first dynasty to be established in Karnataka. Their capital was Banavasi which is in today’s North Canara district.
• Mayurasharma was the founder and a great king of this dynasty.
• First Prakrit and later Sanskrit became the court language. Kannada was the language of the people.
• The ancient Halmidi inscription shows the characteristics of the Kannada language which was in use in the 5th century. This has been the first inscription available in Kannada.
• The Malavalli inscription is in the Prakrit language. The Talagunda inscription is the first Sanskrit inscription to be found in Karnataka.
• The founders of the Ganga dynasty claimed their descent from the Ikshvaku dynasty. They ruled from Kuvalala, Talakadu, and Manyapura (today’s Manne in Nelamangala, Bangalore Rural district).
• The Gangawadi kingdom which began with the rule of Dadiga (also known as Kongunivarma), was ruled by 27 kings.
• Gommateshwara (Bahubali) of Sravanabelagola is a symbol of a life of renunciation. The Statue of Gommateshwara was installed by Chavundaraya, the minister of Rachamalla IV.
• Madhava II wrote a commentary on Dattaka Sutra. Durvinita wrote the Sanskrit word ‘Shabdavatara’ and translated Gunadhya’s ‘Vaddakathe’ into Sanskrit. Sree Purusha wrote ‘Gajashastra’ and Shivamadhava wrote‘Gajashtaka’, a Kannada work.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Exercises

South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Complete the following sentences.

1. Simukha made Srikakulam his capital.
2. The literary work written by Hala is Gathasaptashati.
3. The first inscription in Kannada is the Halmidi inscription
4. Banavasi, the capital of the Kadambas, is in today’s North Canara district.
5. The prominent king among the Gangas was Durvinita
6. The literary work written by Chavundaraya is Chavunda Purana.

South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Answer in brief.

Question 1. Who was the last king of the Shatavahanas? How did their dynasty become weak?
Answer: Yajnashri Shatakarni the last king of the Shatavahanas. On account of continual attacks by the Shakas, the empire stood devastated.

Class 8 History South India (3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) KSEEB Notes 

Question 2. Write about the art of the Shatavahanas.
Answer: The Ajanta and the Amaravati paintings were created during the period of the Shatavahanas. Temples, viharas, and chaityalayas were also constructed. A satyagraha was built in Karle by the Banavasi merchant Bhootapala.

Question 3. What were the values which influenced the Ganga society?
Answer: Social values like honesty, loyalty, bravery, and patience were prominent among the people.

Question 4. Name four literary works of the period of the Gangas.
Answer: Madhava II wrote a commentary on Dattaka Sutra. Durvinita wrote the Sanskrit word ‘Shabdavatara’, and translated Gunadhya’s ‘Vaddakathe’ into Sanskrit.Sree Purusha wrote ‘Gajashastra’ Shivamadhava wrote ‘Gajashtaka’, a Kannada work.Poet Hemasena wrote ‘Raghava Pandaviya’,Vadibasimha wrote ‘Gadya Chintamani’ and ‘Shatra Chudamani’,Nemichandra wrote ‘Dravyasara Samgraha’ Chavundaraya wrote ‘Chavunda Purana’,

South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1.The mountains that separate North and South India is

1. Vindhya
2. Cardamom
3. Rajamahal
4. Aravallis

Answer: 1. Vindhya

Question 2. The first dynasty which was established in the Deccan was the

1. Gangas
2. Shathavahanas
3. Kadambas
4. Chalukyas

Answer: 2. Shathavahanas

Question 3. Shalivahana Saka is supposed to have been inaugurated by

1. Mayurasharma
2. Shivaskanda Varma
3. Mayura Varma
4. Gautami Puthra Shatakami

Answer: 4. Gautami Puthra Shatakarni

Question 4. The first dynasty to be established in Karnataka was

1. Shathavahanas
2. Gangas
3. Kadambas
4. Chalukyas

Answer: 3. Kadambas

KSEEB History Chapter 9 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 5. Banavasi was the capital of

1. Shathavahanas
2. Gangas
3. Kadambas
4. Chalukyas

Answer: 3. Kadambas

Question 6. The founder of the Kadamba dynasty was

1. Mayurasharma
2. Shivaskanda Varma
3. Mayura Varma
4. Gautami Puthra Shatakarni

Answer: 1. Mayurasharma

Question 7. The ancient Halmidi inscription is in

1. Prakrit language
2. Sanskrit language
3. Kannada language
4. Tamil language

Answer: 3. Kannada language

Question 8. The Malavalli inscription is in

1. Prakrit language
2. Sanskrit language
3. Kannada language
4. Tamil language

Answer: 1. Prakrit language

Question 9. The first Sanskrit inscription to be found in Karnataka is the

1. Talagunda inscription
2. Halmidi inscription
3. Malavalli inscription
4. Aloe Inscription

Answer: 1. Talagunda inscription

Question 10. Madhava II wrote a commentary on

1. Dattaka Sutra
2. Shabdavatara
3. Vaddakathe
4. Gajashastra

Answer: 1. Dattaka Sutra

Class 8 History Chapter 9 Guide On South India KSEEB 

Complete the following sentences with suitable:

1. The capital of the Shathavahanas was Srikakulam
2. The literary work of Hala was Gathasaptashati.
3. Karle Chaityagraha was built by Bhootapala.
4. Dadiga was also known as Kongunivarma.
5. ‘Vaddakatha’ of Gunadya was translated into Sanskrit by Durvinita

1. Match the following words in column ‘A’ with their descriptions in column ‘B’
   A                                    B
Durvinita                   Gajashtaka
Gunadhya                  Shabdavatara
SreePurusha              Vaddakathe
Shivamadhava           Raghava Pandaviya
Hemasena                 Gajashastra

Answer: 
Durvinita           –     Shabdavatara
Gunadhya          –      Vaddakathe
SreePurusha      –     Gajashastra
Shivamadhava   –     Gajashtaka
Hemasena         –     Raghava Pandaviya

South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Answer the following questions in two sentences each:

Question 1. What is the extension of South India?
Answer: The Vindhya Mountains separate North and South India. The area between the Vindhya mountains and Kanyakumari in the south is called South India or the Deccan region.

Question 2.Name of dynasties that ruled South India.
Answer: The Shatavahanas, Kadambas, Gangas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, and Pallavas have been the important dynasties of this region.

Question 3. Which were the titles assumed by Gautami Puthra Shatakarni?
Answer: Gautami Puthra Shatakarni had Fides such as ‘Trisamudratoyapitavahana’ and ‘Shatavahan Kulayashapratishtapanakara’

Solutions For South India (3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) KSEEB Class 8 History 

Question 4. Which are the important trading centers of the Shatavahanas?
Answer: Nasik, Kalyan, Broach, and Bhatkal were trade centers.

Question 5. How was the education system of the Kadambas?
Answer: Educational centers like agraharas, brahmapuris, and ghatikas were established. The main agraharas of that time were found in Talagunda and Balligave. The agraharas were like residential schools.

South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Answer the following questions in four to six sentences each:

Question 1. What were the achievements of Gautami Puthra Shatakarni?
Answer: Gautami Puthra Shatakarni was a prominent king of the Shatavahanas dynasty. He had done away with the bitter enemies of the kingdom, the Sakas, beyond the borders of India. Shalivahana Saka is supposed to have been inaugurated by him. He expanded his kingdom to include not only Konkan, Briar, Saurashtra, and Malawi, but also many new areas. He had titles such as ‘Trisamudratoyapitavahana’ and ‘Shatavahana Kulayashapratishtapanakara’.

Question 2. How were the administrative arrangements of Shatavahanas?
Answer: The king was supreme. The kingdom had been divided into provinces called Janapada for the purpose of administration and officers had been appointed to look after them. The cities and villages were looked after by self-governing institutions.

KSEEB Class 8 South India History Study Materials 

Question 3. How was the society of the Shatavahanas organized?
Answer: There was no discrimination on the basis of varna in society. Even women held high offices and had high status in society. There were people of different occupations like farmers, merchants, goldsmiths, fishermen, carpenters, weavers, medicine men, etc. There were occupational associations.

Question 4. Write about the art of the Shatavahanas.
Answer: The Ajanta and the Amaravati paintings were created during the period of the Shatavahanas.Temples, viharas, and chaityalayas were also constructed. A satyagraha was built in Karle by the Banavasi merchant Bhootapala.

Question 5. Explain the administrative arrangements of the Kadambas.
Answer: Royal priests, ministers, and military gene also played a significant role in the administration. For administrative ease, provincial officers had been appointed to look after the provinces.

Question 6. What are the achievements of Durvinita?
Answer: Durvinita was a famous king of the Ganga dynasty. He was a brave warrior and scholar. He ruled for a long period and gained control of Punnata in order to strengthen his Kingdom. The Nallala copper inscription reveals that he constructed many lakes for the purposes of irrigation. He was a lover of Literature and wrote creative works in Sanskrit and Kannada. He even translated the Prakrit work ‘Vaddakatha’ of Gunadya into Sanskrit.

Question 7. Explain the contribution of the Gangas to the field of administration.
Answer: The king had a council of ministers to help him. The ministers supervised different branches of administration. The administration in the villages was very systematic. The village committee looked after land revenue, justice, sanitation, and defense. Agriculture was the main occupation. There were other occupations like weaving and blacksmithy. They had trade relations with other countries.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 1 Source Points To Remember

• There is no source no history’ is the stance of history.
• If the things used by human beings in the past have remained, then they are called sources by historians.
• Literary sources and Archaeological sources are the two sources
• Written Literature and Oral Literature are the two types in literary sources
• The literature created by Indians in native languages is called as the Native Literature.
• Literary works in Sanskrit, Prakruth, Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, Hindi, Marathi, Kashmiri, Gujarathi, Oriya, and in many other native languages are the sources.
• Many foreigners who visited India as travelers, ambassadors, businessmen, officials, and missionaries have recorded their observations and experiences in their works.
• Exaggeration, hyperbole, and loyalty to one’s master are apparent in native literature.
• Oral literature means the folk story, folk songs, folk legends, ballads, and others that pass on from one person to another by word of mouth.
• Inscriptions, Coins, Monuments and Other ruins are Archaeological sources.
• Inscriptions mean engraved writing. Inscriptions are written on stone, rock, metal, ivory, terracotta, and other materials that last longer.
• The Uttarameruru inscription narrates the rural administration of Chola kings.
• Coins are also aid us in knowing the language of administration, titles that the kings possessed their religion, economic conditions of the times and metal technology in vogue of the particular kingdoms.
• Meharuli’s iron pillar and Vijayapura’s whispering Golgumbuz are the evidence of the maturity of then Science and Technical knowledge.
• By applying the carbon-14 dating procedure on the biological ruins (dead animals, birds, and trees) found in these sites, one can arrive at the accurate period of the ruins.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

Source Exercises

Answer the following after a discussion with your classmates:

Question 1. How do historians write history?
Answer:

• Historians collect the sources, subject them to critical examination, analysis and then write the history.
• Whenever direct sources are not available, they need to make assumptions based on the available sources.
• Often an event is analyzed from different perspectives by different historians.

Question 2. What is the meaning of source? How many types are there?
Answer:
If the things used by human beings in the past have remained, then they are called as the sources by historians.
The sources can be divided into two:
a) Literary sources
b) Archaeological sources

Class 8 History Source KSEEB Notes 

Question 3. Name any two native literary works.
Answer. Kautilya’s ‘Arthashastra’ King Hala’s “Gathaspathasathi’

Question 4. Name any two foreign writers.
Answer Megasthanese’s4 Indica’ Fa-Hien’s -Gho-ko-ki’

Question 5. What is the source which has more reliability for writing history?
Answer Inscriptions are more reliable as these have a direct relationship with then events.

Question 6. Explain the importance of coins in the writing of history.
Answer Coins are helpful in understanding the geographical extent of the ruler’s kingdom that minted the coins. They also aid us in knowing the language of administration, titles that the kings possessed their religion, economic conditions of the times and mental technology in vogue of the particular kingdoms.

Question 7. What are the aspects on which monuments throw more light?
Answer: The monuments throw light on then contemporary religious aspects, technology, economic growth, scientific knowledge, and creativity achieved.

Question  8. By what method, the age of biological fossils can be decided?
Answer By applying the carbon-14 dating procedure on the biological ruins (dead animals, birds, and trees) found in these sites, one can arrive at the accurate period of the ruins.

Source Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in sheet provided:

Question 1. A systematic study of the past is

1. History
2. Political Science
3. Sociology
4. Economics

Answer 1) History

Question 2. The work of Barani is

1. A)Prithiviraj a Raso
2. B) Tarikh-i-F iruzshahi
3. C) Tarikh-i-Babari
4. D) Tarikh-ul-Hind

Answer 2) Tarikh-i-Firuzshahi

Question 3. The author of‘Vikramarjunavijaya’is

1. Ranna
2. Ponna
3. Pampa
4. KumaraVyasa

Answers 3)Pampa

Question 4. The Allahabad pillar inscription narrates about

1. Chandra Gupta
2. Immadi Pulukeshi
3. Kharavela,
4. Samudra Gupta

Answer 4) Samudra Gupta

Question 5.The inscription which narrates about Immadi Pulukeshi is

1. Aihole inscription
2. Hathigumpa inscription
3. Allahabad pillar inscription
4. Halmidi inscription

Answer 1) Aihole inscription,

KSEEB History Chapter 1 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 6. Uttarameruru inscription narrates the rural administration of

1. Pandya kings
2. Pallava kings
3. Chola kings
4. Chalukyas

Answer 3)Chola kings

Question 7. The folk story, folk songs, folk legends, and ballads are coming under

1. Oral Literature
2. Native literature
3. Foreign literature
4. Archaeological Sources,

Answer 1) Oral Literature

Fill in the blanks with the suitable answer:
1. Megasthanese wrote Indica
2. The author of Gho-ko-ki is Fa-Hien
3. The literary work of Hiuen Tsang is Si-yu-Ki
4. Most of Ashoka’s inscriptions are in Bhramhi script
5. The inscription which narrates about Kharavela is Hathigumpa
6. Chitor’s Vijayastamba (victory pillar) tells the victory of  Ranakumbh

Source Question Answer the following in a sentence each:

Question 1. Historian is like an advocate. Why?
Answer Historian is like an advocate. The advocates present their arguments on the basis of the following evidence and sources related to their case. Similarly, historians collect the sources, subject them to critical examination, and analysis and then write the history.

Question 2. Which are the two sources of History?
Answer The sources can be divided into two:1. Literary sources  2. Archaeological sources

Question 3. Mention the two types of literary sources.
Answer The two types in literary sources are 1) Written Literature 2) Oral Literature

Question 4. What is Native Literature?
Answer The literature created by Indians in native languages is called as the Native Literature

Question 5. What is Foreign Literature?
Answer Foreign Literature means the literature created by many foreigners who visited India as travelers, ambassadors, businessmen; officials, and missionaries have recorded their observations and experiences in their works. Shiva Publications, Bangalore

Question 6. What is Oral Literature?
Answer Oral literature means the folk story, folk songs, folk legends, ballads, and others that pass on from one person to another by word of mouth.

Question 7. Which are the four types of Archaeological Sources?
Answer The four types of Archaeological sources are

1. Inscriptions.
2. Coins.
3. Monuments.
4. Other ruins.

Class 8 History Chapter 1 Guide On Source KSEEB 

Question 8. What are Archaeological sources?
Answer The sources which are found during excavation, ruins of buildings, inscriptions, coins, terracotta pieces, bangles, seals, beads, bone pieces, metal and others are called Archaeological sources

Question 9. What are Inscriptions?
Answer Inscriptions mean engraved writing. Inscriptions are written on stone, rock, metal, ivory, terracotta and other materials that last longer.

Question 10 What are the monuments?
Answer Palaces, temples, forts, pillars, etc, which were constructed by ancient kings and important people are called monuments.

Question 11. How does coin help to know that Gouthamiputra had defeated Nahapana?
Answer Gouthamiputra Shakarani got the name of Nahapana erased on his coins, and engraved his name on them. This supports the view that Gouthamiputra had defeated Nahapana.

Source Answer the following questions in four to six sentences each:

1. How do literary works help historians?
Answer

• The literary works can clarify the depiction of then-contemporary social, political, economic, cultural, and administrative aspects.
• These works portray the contemporary social, religious, economic, cultural, and political life of people. The availability of Roman coins in Bengaluru proves the fact that this region had a trade link with Romans two thousand years back.

Question 2. How do Monuments helpful to historians in the creation of History?
Answer.

• Meharulrs iron pillar and Vijayapura’s whispering Golgumbuz are evidence of the maturity of the Science and Technical knowledge.
• Shajahan’s Tajmahal tells the story of love.
• Chitor’s Vijayastamba (victory pillar) tells the victory of Ranakumbh.
• The cave pictures and engravings of Elephanta, Ellora, and Ajanta narrate their mastery of painting and sculpture during their time.
• The temples of Aihole and Patadakallu explain the evolution of Indian temple architecture.
• The monuments of Nalanda and the architecture of Madrasas built by Gawan in Bidar narrate the importance given to education during those times.
• The fort of Srirangapatana explains the accomplishments in the area of defense technology.
• The monuments throw light on then-contemporary religious aspects, technology, economic growth, scientific knowledge, and creativity achieved.

Question 3. How are the coins helpful for historians in the creation of History?
Answer.

• The coins are helpful in understanding the geographical extent of the ruler’s kingdom that minted the coins.
  
• They also aid us in knowing the language of administration, titles that the kings possessed their religion, economic conditions of the times and metal technology in vogue of the particular kingdoms.
  
• Samudra Gupta had minted seven different types of gold coins. Based on the pictures on those coins, it is said that Samudra Gupta was a lover of music and he had conducted Ashwamedha Yaga too.
  
• Gouthamiputra Shakarani got the name of Nahapana erased on his coins, and engraved his name on them. This supports the view that Gouthamiputra had defeated Nahapana.