Class 10

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Sociology Chapter 4 Social Problems Notes

• Social problems are universal occurrences. There is no society in the world which is free from problems.
• The presence of a problem in a society is a sign of its malaise.
• The societies of the developing countries are afflicted with many problems i.e., excessive population, poverty, unemployment, beggary, juvenile delinquency, crimes, problems of children labour, corruption, exploitation of women, dowry harassment and disturbed youth.
• According to the Constitution, “Child labourers are those who are aged below 14 years and work in order to earn money.”
• Majority of the child labourers work in rural areas such as fields, farms and plantations. The rest works in urban and industrial areas.
• Child labour is the result of a serious lacuna in the social system.
• The government has decided to take certain measures to free children from employment and exploitation and to rehabilitate them.
• ‘Rehabilitation Welfare Fund of Child Labourers’ is launched by the Central Government providing various facilities and stopping the exploitation of the children.
• The ‘Child Labour Prohibition and Control Act (1986) has been passed to prohibit the appointment of child labourers.
• Industrialists who violate this law will have to mandatorily contribute 20,000 per child labourer to the welfare fund.

• Article 24 of our Constitution declares that employing children below 14 years for work is a cognizable offence.
• The government had undertaken many measures to eradicate child labour, e.g., the National Child Labour Project’ (NCLP) in 1988; ‘Child Labour Eradication and Rehabilitation Act’ in 2006.
• One of the innumerable problems being faced by Indian women is harassment.
• Rape, violence, suppression, dowry harassment, physical and mental harassment, forced abortions, use of vulgar language, etc., are some of the harassments on women both inside and outside the houses.
• In the name of dowry, women are being abused and subjected to violence, torture and murder.
• Giving or receiving dowry is a punishable crime.
• Dowry diminishes a woman’s self-respect, dignity and stature.
• In order to escape from the dowry menace, people are resorting to child marriage, female feticide and female infanticide.
• To eradicate the dowry system, the Central Government has passed an Act called Prohibition of Dowry Act’ in 1961.
• This Act was amended in 1986.

KSEEB Solutions For SSLC Class 10 English Chapter 1 Summary A Hero Points to Remember

Swami and Friends is the first of a trilogy of novels written by R.K. Narayan. This lesson ‘A Hero’ is an excerpt taken from the novel. The lesson, though presented in a comic manner, teaches the values of courage, a fight against superstition and the use of presence of mind in a right mariner. Swami doesn’t believe his father when he reads an incident from the newspaper of bravery of a boy fighting with a tiger.  Father says that courage is everything, strength and age are not important. Swami disputes the theory saying that how can he fight a tiger with courage.

Father gives Swami a challenge to sleep alone that night in his office room and prove his courage. Swami tries to distract his father from the challenge through a number of excuses, lie tried to get excuses with the help of his mother and granny but the father wouldn’t agree.

Swami pretentiously slept in his place with granny but his father wakes him and forces him sleep in his office room on a bench in the dark with the door open. At night he is so scared that he remembers all the stories of devils and ghosts he had heard in his life. He gets up and crouches under the bench and after some time falls asleep.  He sees a dream of a tiger chasing him and attacking him He tries to escape but couldn’t move a little.

When he opens his eyes he finds himself alone in the dark. He felt something moving down. He thought it to be a devil, he crawls out of the bench, hugs it with all his might, and uses his teeth on it like a mortal weapon It was a burglar whom Swami had caught. The next day he was congratulated by all his friends and even his headmaster or his brave act. The policemen were grateful for nabbing a notorious housebreaker of the district.

SSLC English Chapter 1 A Hero Textual Exercises To Check Your Understanding

Question1. Swarm’s father drew his attention to a report in the newspaper. What was the report about?
Answer: The newspaper report was that a brave village lad who while returning home by the jungle path came face to face with a tiger. He had a fight with the tiger and climbed up a tree and stayed there for half a day till some people came that way and killed the tiger.

Question2. The report said that the boy (who fought with the tiger) stayed on the tree for half a day. Why did he do so?
Answer:  He wanted someone to kill the tiger.

Question3. Swami said that a very strong and grown up person might have fought with a tiger. Do you think he made this remark out of his (choose the most appropriate word)
Answer:  belief

Question4. “Can you prove you have courage?” Swami’s father said.
1) Was he joking? Or, serious?
Answer: Serious.

Question 2) Was it a challenge? Or, a command?
Answer: a command.

Question5. The place where Swami usually slept was_______(Fill in the blank)
Answer: beside his granny.

Question6. What is disgraceful, according to Swami’s father?
Answer: According to Swami’s father, it is disgraceful to sleep beside granny or mother like a baby.

KSEEB Solutions SSLC English A Hero Share Your Responses

Question 1. What do you think was the practice of granny before she went to bed?
Answer: Granny used to tell stories to Swami before she went to bed.

Question 2. Was Swami really sleeping? Or was he pretending?
Answer: Swami was pretending to sleep.

Question 3. To Swami, his father looked like an
Answer: apparition.

Question 4. Why do you think Swami looked at his granny and his mother while following his father to the room?
Answer: Swami looked at his granny and his mother while following his father to the room with the hope that they would come forward to help him escape from the orders of his father.

Question 5. “There might be scorpions before your law books,” said Swami.
1) Had he seen them earlier? Or were there scorpions really?
Answer: In real there were no scorpions behind the books,

2) Was it a trick to escape from his father?
Answer: Yes, it was a trick to escape from his father

KSEEB SSLC English Class 10 Prose Chapter 1 A Hero Share Your Responses

Question 1. Swami wished that the tiger hadn’t spared the boy, which means…
Answer: he didn’t want the boy to be alive.

Question 2. As silence deepened in the room, what was Did swami remind of?
Answer: As silence deepened in the room, Swami was reminded of all the stories of devils and ghosts he had heard in his life

Question 3. Which place in the room did Swami think was safe, compact and reassuring?
Answer: The safe, compact and reassuring place in the room was under the bench.

Question 4. Swami touched _______in the room instead of granny, (fill in the blank appropriately)
Answer: the wooden leg of the bench

Question 5. Swami saw a moving creature in the room. Was it
Answer: a man

SSLC Class 10 English A Hero Share Your Responses

Question 1. Who cried, “Aiyo! Something has bitten me?”
Answer: The burglar cried.

Question 2. Who did father, cook and a servant stumble upon?
Answer: Father, cook and a servant stumble upon the burglar.

Question 3. Why were congratulations showered on Swami?
Answer: Congratulations were showered on Swami as he had grabbed a burglar who had been the most notorious house-breaker of the district.

Question 4. Do you think Swami really wanted to join the police? If not, what did he want to be?
Answer: No, Swami did not want to join the police. He wanted to be an engine driver, a railway guard, or a bus conductor.

Question 5. Did Swam muster up the courage to sleep alone after the burglar’s incident?
Answer: No, he did not muster up the courage to sleep alone after the burglar’s incident.

Question 6. Who supported Swami? His mother or his granny?
Answer: Swami’s mother supported him

Class 10 SSLC English Chapter 1 A Hero Think About The Text

Question 1. A report about a boy in the newspaper was an unexpected event in Swami’s life. Justify.
Answer: A report about a boy in the newspaper was an unexpected event in Swami’s life. The newspaper report read by his father about the courage of a boy made Swami and his father in an argument in which the father tells him that courage is everything, strength and age are not important. Swami disputes the theory ofhis father. In order to prove his theory, Swami father challenged him to sleep alone that night in his office and prove that he had courage to sleep alone in darkness. The father did not listen to any excuse and made him to sleep there.

Question 2. Swami made a comment on the newspaper report. Was he right? How did his view differ from that of his father?
Answer: Swami made a comment that the person who faced the tiger boldly must be a very strong grownup person, not a boy at all because a boy cannot fight a tiger. Swami was wrong in thinking so because his father was of the opinion that a man may have the strength of an elephant and yet be a coward: where as another may have the strength of the straw, but if he has courage, he can do anything.

Question 3. What desperate attempts did Swami make to escape from his father?
Answer: Swami made desperate attempts to escape from his father’s challenge to him. First he told that he would sleep alone from the next month. Next he slowly went to his bed and slept covering himself completely with a blanket and began to snore.

Question 4. Why did Swami conclude that his father’s proposition was frightful?
Answer: Swami concluded that his father’s proposition was frightful because he had always slept beside his granny in the passage, and any change in that arrangement, kept him trembling and awake all night.

Question5. As the night advanced, S wami felt that something terrible would happen to him. What would it be? How would it happen?
Answer: As the night advanced and the silence in the house deepened, his heart beat faster. He remembered all the stories of devils and ghosts he had heard in his life. He remembered how often his friend, Mani had seen the devil in the banyan tree at his street end. He also remembered Muni swami’s father, who had spat out blood because the devil near the river’s edge had slapped his cheek when he was returning home late one night. His thoughts continued with many more such fears.

Question 6. There was absolute silence in the room. In spite of it, some noises reached Swami’s ears. What were they?
Answer: The noises that reached his ears were the ticking off the clock, rustle of trees, snoring sounds, and some vague night insects humming.

Question 7. Narrate Swami’s dreadful experience when he was lying under the bench.
Answer: After sleeping under the bench, Swami began to dream of being chased by a tiger. He desperately tried to escape but his feet would not move, the tiger was at his back, and he could hear its claws scratch the ground. Then he heard a loud thud but he could open his eyes. With a desperate effort he opened his eyes and found himself under the bench. And his lonely state came back to him. He sweated with fright. He saw something rustling and moving down. He lay gazing at it in horror. He realized that the devil would presently pull him out and tear him. AS it came nearer he crawled out from the bench, hugged it with all his might, and used his teeth on it like a mortal weapon.

Question 8. How was Swami honoured by his classmates, teacher, and the headmaster?
Answer: Swami was showered with congratulations. His classmates at him with respect and his teacher patted his back. The headmaster said that he was a true scout. Swami had bitten into the flesh of one of the most notorious house-breakers of the district and the police were grateful to him for it.

Question 9. Why did father want Swami to sleep alone in the office room? 
Answer: Swami was very dependent and was pampered by his mother and granny. Swami’s father wanted Swami to be self-dependent, bold and courageous. When Swami’s father read the news of a boy lacing a tiger boldly, Swami argued that one has to be a grown-up in order to be courageous. His father tried to convince him by saying that a man may have strength of an elephant yet be a crowd: where as another may have the strength of a straw, but if he has courage, he can do anything. Courage is everything, strength and age are not important. Swami disputed the theory of his father. Swami’s father wanted to show him how lacked courage so he wanted Swami to sleep alone in the office room.

Question 10. Who do you think was wiser, Swami or his father? Justify your preference.
Answer: Swami’s father was obviously wiser due to age and experience. He had seen and experienced the world where as Swami was still a small boy who was pampered and well protected by his mother and granny.

Question 11. Why did Swami feel relieved at the end?
Answer: Swami felt relieved when his father agreed to allow Swami sleep in his original place beside his granny.

Question 12. Suppose you are Swami of the story. Write a brief letter to your friend describing how you helped to catch a burglar in your house.
Answer: Students to answer.

Question 13. Some words describing the characters of the story A Hero’ are given in brackets. Put them in these columns appropriately.
Answer: Swami’s father: tricky, authoritative, disciplined. Mother: caring, protective.
Granny: caring, protective.
Swami: innocent, helpless, nervous.

KSEEB English Class 10 Chapter 1 A Hero Enrich Your Vocabulary

Task 1: Homophones. Fill in the blanks with appropriate word.
1. We had______ many apples to carry.
Answer: too

2. I_______ a horse at the Marirma Beach.
Answer: rode

3. Did you have a ______for lunch?
Answer: pare

4. The books are over on the shelf
Answer: there

Task 2: Fill in the blanks choosing the appropriate word and complete the story.

This is a __I_______told by a__2_____Once he received a letter. When he  .3 ______it___4 ____he could not believe his own eyes. ___5____ it was written ____6 _____none other than the queen of the land. She asked him to meet her___ 7 _______a secret place. The knight was in a fix. But he thought ___8_____ a plan to tide over this problem. He_____9 to the meeting place, not alone, but along with his ___10 _______wife. Can you guess what happened then?

Answers:
1) Story
2) Knight,
3) Read
4) Through
5) For
6) By
7) At
8) Of
9) Went
10)Fair

Task 3: Scramble the letters to form words. See the meaning clues in brackets.

1. a t r t e f 1______ (praise)
Answer: Flatter

2. b o u d t______ (suspect)
Answer: Doubt

3. r a g g e d y _______(unhappy ending)
Answer: Tragedy

4. r a g f e n m t _____(apiece)
Answer: Fragment

5. r a e t l ____(careful)
Answer: Alert

6. c a c s r l y t_____(short supply)
Answer: Scarcity

7. y m t a s t h p e i c (not cruel)
Answer: Sympathetic

KSEEB Solutions For SSLC Class 10 English Chapter 1 A Hero Practice Writing

Briefly explain what is funny about each of these signs given in italics. (Reframe them to read appropriately
Answer:
1. Our best homemade pies for you.
2. Wanted two waiters and a young dish washer (maid) for the restaurant.
3. Fast haircut while you wait.
4. We sell lawnmowers here.
5. Instant soft drinks are sold here.

Learn grammar through communication.
1) Rewrite the sentences beginning with the ‘clue’ given in brackets.
2) Identify the language function.

Question 1. Please return my library books.
Answer:
1) Will you please return my library books?
2) Making request

Question 2. The files are heavy I’ll carry them for you.
Answer:
1) Would I carry these files for you?
2) Offering help.

Question 3. That’s your essay. Perhaps you have no objection if I see it.
Answer:
1)May 1 see your essay?
2) Seeking permission.

Question 4. Let me switch on the fan, OK?
Answer:
1) Do you mind if I switch on the fan? OR – Do you mind me switching on the fan?
2) Making offers or preferences.

Question5. Bring the books to my office.
Answer:
1) Would you please bring the books to my office? OR – Would you mind bringing books to my office?
2) Making request.

KSEEB SSLC English Class 10 Prose Chapter 1 A Hero Dictionary work

The box contains the words that have their synonyms in the lesson. Find them out and write them along with the sentences in which they are used.

Shameful   lose conscious   proposal or suggestion murmured unclear or indefinite covered moan or grumble extremely in the middle of accused shake with fear

Answers:  
1. shameful – disgraceful
2. lose conscious – faint
3. proposal or suggestion- proposition
4) murmured – mumbled
5) unclear or indefinite – vague
6) covered-encased
7) moan, grumble – groan
8) extremely- tremendously
9) in the middle of- amidst
10) accuse -blame
11) tremble – shake with fear

SSLC Class 10 English A Hero Derogatory  Terms

Text Box A has the derogatory terms and Text box B has their synonyms. Match them and write them together.

Answers:
1-f
2-h
3-e
4-d
5-a
6-b
7-c
8-g

Homophones: There are many words in the lesson for which homophones can be added. Read the lesson in pairs and find them out and add the other word to make pairs of homophones and find out their synonyms. One example is done for you.
Example: groan – grown
Answers:
1) By-buy
2) Face-phase
3) New-knew
4) Know-no-now
5) Night-knight
6) Weak-week
7) Once-ones
8) Leave-live
9) Feet-feat
10) Eyes-ice
11) Way-weigh
12)Forth-fourth
13) Break-brake
14) Peace-piece
15) Whole-hole
16) Hear-here
17) Claws-clause

Use the following words in sentences first as verbs and then as nouns:

1. trouble
Answer: trouble (v): Children should not trouble their parents.
trouble (n): The boy was in trouble due to his mischief.

2. produce
Answer: produce (v): Modem refrigerators do not produce
much sound.
produce (n): The agricultural produce has increased credibly due to scientific methods.

3. Pay
Answer: pay (v) Students should pay attention to their studies.
pay (n): Employees get their salaries on the first of every month.

4. Ride
Answer: ride (v): Raju likes to ride his bike very fast.
ride (n): We had a jolly ride on the elephant in Bandipur National Park.

5. Thought
Answer: thought (v): I have thought of visiting my native place
this weekend.
thought (n): The thought of visiting my Kashmir thrills me.

6. slap
Answer: slap (v): Children should never be slapped on the
face.
Slap (n): Ravi had a slap on his cheeks by his brother for telling lies

KSEEB SSLC English Class 10 Prose Chapter 1  A Hero Interesting Activities On Comprehension And Composition

Question 1. The report about the boy was that the boy
1) Had killed a tiger
2) Had saved a tiger
3) Faced the tiger boldly
4) Called the people to kill the tiger
Answer: 3) Faced the tiger boldly

Question2. Swami disputed the theory of his father because Swami believed that
1) Only strong and grown-ups can face the danger
2) Strength grows with age
3) Courage is nothing to do with age
4) One cannot face the danger only with courage
Answer: 1) Only strong and grown-ups can face the danger

Question 3. ‘Any change in this arrangement kept him trembling… ’ The arrangement refers to
1) Swami used to sleep alone in his room
2) Swami used to sleep beside his granny in the passage
3) Swami slept beside his mother in her room
4) Swami had to sleep in the office room of his father
Answer: 2) Swami used to sleep beside his granny in the passage

Question 4. He knew his father’s tenacity at such moments. The word ‘tenacity’ means
1) Confusion
2) Commands
3) Mood
4) Determination
Answer: 4) Determination

Question 5. ‘Don’t talk to me, and don’t let anyone call me… ’, Swami said so
1) Because he was feeling very sleepy
2) In order to show his anger to his father
3) Because he didn’t want his father know about his sleeping there
4) Because he didn ’ t want to sleep with his granny
Answer: 3) Because he didn’t want his father know about his sleeping there

Question 6. ‘It seemed to be a much safer place, more compact and reassuring’. The place was
1) Under the bench in office room
2) The office room with lights on
3) Beside his granny in the passage
4) Outside the office room
Answer: 1) Under the bench in office room

Question 7. He looked like an apparition in the semi-darkness of the passage. The figure of speech used here is
1) Synecdoche
2) Metaphor
3) Personification
4) Simile
Answer: 4) Simile

Question 8. As it came nearer he crawled out from the bench, and hugged it with all his might. Swami had hugged
1) His father
2) The devil
3) His granny
4) Burglar
Answer: 4) Burglar

Class 10 SSLC English Chapter 1 A Hero Read The Following Answer The Questions That Follow

You think you are wiser than the Newspaper?’

Question 1) Who is the ‘you’?
Answer: Swami

Question 2) What was the news report?
Answer: The news report was about the boy who faced a tiger boldly.

Question 3) Why did the speaker say so?
Answer: Because Swami refused to believe the news report.

‘Can you prove you have courage?’
Question 1) Name the speaker and who is the ‘you’?
Answer: The speaker was Swarm’s father. ‘You’ refers to Swami.

Question 2) How was the listener supposed to prove his courage?
Answer: He was supposed to prove his courage by sleeping alone in his father’s office room at night.

Question 3) What was the reply of the listener?
Answer: Swami unwillingly said ‘yes’ and tried to change the topic of their conversation.

‘If you do it, I’ll make you the laughing stock of your school’.
Question 1) What is the ‘it’ refers to?
Answer: ‘It’ refers to Swami sleeping beside his granny at night.

Question 2) Why was the person not supposed to do it?
Answer: Swami was not supposed to do it because he had taken the challenge of sleeping alone in the office room of his father that night.

Question 3) Give the meaning of‘laughing stock’.
Answer: an object of ridicule.

‘Aiyo! Something has bitten me’.
Question 1) Name the speaker.
Answer: The burglar.

Question2) What had bitten the speaker?
Answer: Swami had bitten him.

Question3) Why was the speaker bitten?
Answer: Swami bit him in defense thinking that it was a ghost.

Class 10 SSLC English Chapter 1 A Hero Gap Filling

Choose the best word from the options given below to complete the following letter.
Dear Daddy
I hope all’s well with you. Everything is fine here. I am sorry I (1)_____ write earlier. I was busy with my coaching camp (2)______ is now over. After the annual examination, most of (3)______ boarders have left for their homes. Only a few like me (4)_______ left behind. I can’t express how badly I miss you all. I don’t
know (v)_____ I’ll be able to join you. Dad, I hate (vi)_____ a border. How lonely
it is to stay here during the vacation! The few inmates left are not only boring but also nasty. I hope you will come to my rescue soon.

Options:
1) (a) couldn’t) hasn’t c) have not d) hadn’t
2) (a) which b) being c) to d) only
3) (a) which b) the c) are d) when
4) (a) couldn’t b) which c) when d) are
5) a) the b) being c) when d) am
6) a) being b) which c) to d) couldn’t

(1) a
(2) a
(3) b
(4) d
(5) c
(6) a

Karnataka State Board Syllabus Class 10 Social Science Notes in English Medium

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes History

• Chapter 1 Advent of Europeans to India Notes
• Chapter 2 The Extension of the British Rule Notes
• Chapter 3 The Impact of British Rule in India Notes
• Chapter 4 Opposition to British Rule in Karnataka Notes
• Chapter 5 Social and Religious Reformation Movements Notes
• Chapter 6 The First War of Indian Independence (1857) Notes
• Chapter 7 Freedom Movement Notes
• Chapter 8 Era of Gandhi and National Movement Notes
• Chapter 9 Post Independent India Notes
• Chapter 10 The Political Developments of 20th Century Notes

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes Political Science

• Chapter 1 The Problems of India and their Notes
• Chapter 2 Indian Foreign Policy Notes
• Chapter 3 India’s Relationship with Other Countries Notes
• Chapter 4 Global Problems and India’s Role Notes
• Chapter 5 International Institutions Notes

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes Sociology

• Chapter 1 Social Stratification Notes
• Chapter 2 Labour Notes
• Chapter 3 Social Movements Notes
• Chapter 4 Social Problems Notes

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes Geography

• Chapter 1 Indian Position and Extension Notes
• Chapter 2 Indian Physiography Notes
• Chapter 3 Indian Climate Notes
• Chapter 4 Indian Soils Notes
• Chapter 5 Indian Forest Resources Notes
• Chapter 6 Indian Water Resources Notes
• Chapter 7 Indian Land Resources Notes
• Chapter 8 Indian Mineral & Power Resources Notes
• Chapter 9 Indian Transport and Communication Notes
• Chapter 10 Indian Industries Notes
• Chapter 11 Indian Natural Disasters Notes
• Chapter 12 Indian Population Notes

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes Economics

• Chapter 1 Development Notes
• Chapter 2 Rural Development Notes
• Chapter 3 Money and Credit Notes
• Chapter 4 Public Finance and Budget Notes

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes Business Studies

• Chapter 1 Bank Transactions Notes
• Chapter 2 Entrepreneurship Notes
• Chapter 3 Globalization of Business Notes
• Chapter 4 Consumer Education and Protection Notes

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Business Studies Chapter 4 Consumer Education and Protection Consumer Rights

Meaning of the User and the Provider

• The person who uses the goods and services is called “User”.
• The person who supplies goods and services is called “Provider”.

AWARE: Association of Women Against Rising Expenses.

•  Teleshopping : Ordering for the goods through Internet, SMS (short message service) or telephone and paying after receiving the goods at door is called teleshopping.
•  Consumer : Consumer is a person who buys goods or hires or avails services for a consideration called price or wages.
•  Consumer Protection: To protect the consumers against the exploitation by the procedures and traders.

Consumer Rights: They are as follows:

• The right to information about the quality, quantity, purity and standard of the goods.
• The right to be heard the interests with due consideration.
• Right to consumer education to aware about their rights.
• Right to health environment to lead a quality life.
• Right to protest against the marketing of goods which are hazardous to life and property of the consumers.

Precautionary measures while buying goods and services:

• Check the brand of the product.
• Check the quality of the product.
• Check the actual quantity of the product.
• Check the seal (if possible) of the product.
• Check the ingredient used in the product.
• Consumer Education: Education of consumer or consumer education refers to the awareness of the consumer for their rights.

Consumer Protection Act and Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies Many steps have been taken by the government to protect the rights of consumer so Consumer Production Act 1986 is a significant step in this direction.

This Act safeguards the interests of the consumers and tries to strives their exploitation.

Objectives of Consumer Production Act:

• Accords importance for safety and quality.
• Avoiding production and sale of hazardous goods.
• Supervising on quality, weights, measures and price.
• Compensating the consumer in case of any problem arising as a result of trade.
• Creating awareness to the consumers through consumer education.
• Consumer Protection Act extends to the whole of India except Jammu and Kashmir. World Consumers’ Day is celebrated on 15 March, every year.
• Consumer Disputes Redressal Agencies: The Consumer Protection Act provides for the establishment of a three tier consumer disputes redressal agencies:
• District forum
• State commission
• National commission

Name of the Agency

•  District forum
•  State commission
• National
  commission
  Composition
  Value of goods
  Two members with atleast one woman Complaints entertain when the value of appointed by the state government.
  goods or services is less than 20 lakhs.
  Three members with atleast one woman, one Complaints entertain when the value of is or has been a high court judge.
  goods or services is more than 20 lakhs but less than one crore.
  Headed by a Judge of supreme court and four Complaints entertain when the value of other members with atleast one woman. goods or services is more than one crore.
  Methods to be followed to file a case in consumer court:
• Complaint may be typed or handwritten as there is no prescribed pro forma to file a case.
• Complaint should include the name of the complainer, full address and contact member.
• The person or organization against whom the complaint is made should be mentioned clearly with address.
•  The actual loss of goods should be properly mentioned. Bill or receipt should be enclosed.
• There is no fees or stamp duty for the complaint.
• No advocate or lawyer is resuited. The consumer himself/herself can argue.
  Methods to be followed to file a case in consumer court:
• Complaint may be typed or handwritten as there is no prescribed pro forma to file a case.
• Complaint should include the name of the complainer, full address and contact member.
•  The person or organization against whom the complaint is made should be mentioned clearly with address.
• The actual loss of goods should be properly mentioned. Bill or receipt should be enclosed.
• There is no fees or stamp duty for the complaint.
•  No advocate or lawyer is resuited. The consumer himself/herself can argue.

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes History

• Chapter 1 Advent of Europeans to India Notes
• Chapter 2 The Extension of the British Rule Notes
• Chapter 3 The Impact of British Rule in India Notes
• Chapter 4 Opposition to British Rule in Karnataka Notes
• Chapter 5 Social and Religious Reformation Movements Notes
• Chapter 6 The First War of Indian Independence (1857) Notes
• Chapter 7 Freedom Movement Notes
• Chapter 8 Era of Gandhi and National Movement Notes
• Chapter 9 Post Independent India Notes
• Chapter 10 The Political Developments of 20th Century Notes

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes Political Science

• Chapter 1 The Problems of India and their Notes
• Chapter 2 Indian Foreign Policy Notes
• Chapter 3 India’s Relationship with Other Countries Notes
• Chapter 4 Global Problems and India’s Role Notes
• Chapter 5 International Institutions Notes

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes Sociology

• Chapter 1 Social Stratification Notes
• Chapter 2 Labour Notes
• Chapter 3 Social Movements Notes
• Chapter 4 Social Problems Notes

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes Geography

• Chapter 1 Indian Position and Extension Notes
• Chapter 2 Indian Physiography Notes
• Chapter 3 Indian Climate Notes
• Chapter 4 Indian Soils Notes
• Chapter 5 Indian Forest Resources Notes
• Chapter 6 Indian Water Resources Notes
• Chapter 7 Indian Land Resources Notes
• Chapter 8 Indian Mineral & Power Resources Notes
• Chapter 9 Indian Transport and Communication Notes
• Chapter 10 Indian Industries Notes
• Chapter 11 Indian Natural Disasters Notes
• Chapter 12 Indian Population Notes

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes Economics

• Chapter 1 Development Notes
• Chapter 2 Rural Development Notes
• Chapter 3 Money and Credit Notes
• Chapter 4 Public Finance and Budget Notes

KSEEB SSLC Class 10 Social Science Notes Business Studies

• Chapter 1 Bank Transactions Notes
• Chapter 2 Entrepreneurship Notes
• Chapter 3 Globalization of Business Notes

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Business Studies Chapter 3 Globalization Of Business Globalization

After 1980, globalization achieved a great progress in the economic reforms of developing countries.
Globalization is the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross border transactions in goods and services, capital movement and through the more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology.

Characteristics of Globalization:

•  Cross border movement of goods and services
•  International flow of capital, technology and information
•  Formation of one world wide market
• Production of goods in any region at cheaper cost.

Factors that are included in Globalization:

• Referring the world wide phenomenon of technical, economic, political and cultural exchanges.
•  Encouraging international capital & trade overcoming the political barriers.
•  Creating free trade zone by removing the export and import duties.
•  Reducing the transportation expenses.
• Creating subsidies to the world wide trade organization.

Features of Globalization:

•  Free movement of goods, services, capital, etc, across the borders.
•  Labour and professionals migration and immigration between different countries.
•  International flow of technology, information and capital.
•  Formation of one worldwide market by obtaining raw material and other resources from cheap markets.
•  Production and marketing of goods in any region of the world at cheaper cost.
•  Economic, social, cultural integration of an economy with different economies of the world.
• Growing number and importance of multinational companies.

Positive Effects of Globalization:

•  Internationalization of goods and services
•  Globalization of technology
•  Capital inflows and foreign direct investments undertake economic transactions across natural boundaries
•  Economic, social, cultural integration
•  Human resource development
•  Economic growth and development of underdeveloped and developing countries
•  Reducing regional and income inequalities
•  Optimum utilization of world resources
• Improve standard of living.

 Negative Effects of Globalization:

•  Sweat shopping
•  Unethical practices in business dealings
• Cut-throat competition
•  Helped terrorists and criminals
• Increasing pollution and garbage
•  Exploitation of III world countries such as child labour and slavery
•  Promotion of junk food consumption
•  Widened economic inequalities
•  Environmental degradation
• Depletion of natural resources
•  Dislodging domestic industries
• Unemployment in developing countries
•  Spread of deadly viral diseases such as AIDS and Cancer

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Business Studies Chapter 3 Globalization Of Business World Trade Organization

International trade agreements and WTO:

• WTO office is located at Geneva, Switzerland and established on 19 January, 1995.
• 149 countries in the world are the members of WTO.

Objectives of WTO:

•  Improving standard of living
•  Settling trade disputes between member nations
•  Stimulating economic growth and development
• Promoting international peace and business
•  Encouraging good governance
•  Making international trade and relations smooth

Functions of WTO:

•  Bringing into force the trade agreements throughout the world
•  Acting as a dispute settlement body
• Supervising the revised trade agreements
• Ensuring reduction of tariffs in international trade
•  Assistance to underdeveloped nations
• Ensuring optimum utilization of world resources being the international trade under legal frame work
  Note: WTO was formerly known as GATT (General Agreement on Tariff and Trade) before 1995.

KSEEB SSLC Class 9 Biology Notes Karnataka State Syllabus

• Chapter 1 The Fundamental Unit Of Life Notes
• Chapter 2 Tissues Notes
• Chapter 3 Diversity in Living Organisms Notes
• Chapter 4 Why Do We Fall ill Notes
• Chapter 5 Natural Resources Notes
• Chapter 6 Improvement In Food Resources Notes

KSEEB Class 10 Business Studies Chapter 2 Entrepreneurship notes Role And Importance Of Entrepreneurship

• The word entrepreneur is derived from the French word Entreprendre, which means to undertake some activity.
• Entrepreneur is someone who perceives opportunities, organizes resources needed for exploiting the opportunity and exploits it.

Entrepreneurship is a process of an action of an entrepreneur who undertakes the risk of setting up his own venture for perceived rewards by creative opportunities from innovations.

Features of Entrepreneurship:

• An economic activity
• Risk bearing activity
• Organizing function
• Innovative function
• Goal oriented function

Characteristics of an Entrepreneur:

• Creativity
• Dynamism
• Team building
• Problem-solving
• Risk taking
• Commitment
• Innovation
• Leadership
• Achievement motivation
• Goal orientation
• Decision-making

Functions of Entrepreneur :

• Sensing an opportunity
• Converts ideas into reality
• Develops a business plan
• Establishing an enterprise
• Managerial functions
• Decision-making functions
• Expansion, growth and development

Role of an Entrepreneur :

• Promoting capital formation by mobilizing the savings of the people.
• Enhancing innovation to maximize profits.
• Promoting country’s export trade.
• Promoting the development of industries in urban as well as in rural areas.
• Providing people the better quality of products.
• Working for the growth of the economy by enhancing the production volume.
• Increasing the Gross Domestic Product and Per Capita Income of the country.

Importance of Entrepreneurs:

• Entrepreneurs occupy a central position in a market economy and they serve as the ‘Spark Plug’ in the economy’s engine.
• Entrepreneurs mobilize the savings of the people and invest them in productive purpose which help in the production activities that increase the Gross Domestic Product of the country.
• Indirectly they work for the welfare of the country.

KSEEB Class 10 Business Studies Chapter 2 Entrepreneurship Self-Employment Schemes And Promotional Organisations

Government measures for self-employment schemes:

• Setting up of Financial Institutions like IDBI, NABARD, UTI, LIC, SFC, ICGCI, IFCI for promotion of industrialization.
• Establishment of promotional organizations like DIC, SIDC, NSIC, SISI, Industrial Estates, Khadi and Village Industries Corporation etc.
  The self-employed are a backbone of the nation. A person can setup a unit having a vast opportunity to select any form of business which he/she thinks feasible, e.g., advertising agencies, photocopying centres, beauty parlours, etc.
• District Industrial Centres (DIC) provide support for financial managerial marketing, export-assistance and other assistance in setting up, modernizing, revitalizing sick units, diversifying and solving other problems related to the promotion and development of small and medium industries at district levels.

Some Successful Entrepreneurs of India:

•  Dr.Pratap Reddy: Developer of India’s first hospital group “The Apollo Hospitals”.
•  Naresh Goyal: Founder and chairman of India’s largest domestic Airlines “Jet Airways”.
•  Narayan Murtny: One of the founders of “Infosys Technologies Ltd”.
•  Varghese Kurian: Best known as “Father of the white revolution” of India.
•  Dhirubhai Ambani: Founder of Reliance Company.
• Azim Premji: Chairman of Wipro Technologies.
•  Ekta Kapoor: Creative director of “Balaji Telefilms”.
•  Kiran Mazumdar Shah: Chairman and managing director of Biocon Ltd. The largest bio-technology company in India.

KSEEB SSLC Class 9 Biology Notes Karnataka State Syllabus

• Chapter 1 The Fundamental Unit Of Life Notes
• Chapter 2 Tissues Notes
• Chapter 3 Diversity in Living Organisms Notes
• Chapter 4 Why Do We Fall ill Notes
• Chapter 5 Natural Resources Notes
• Chapter 6 Improvement In Food Resources Notes

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC BUSINESS STUDIES Chapter 1 Banking Transactions Notes

Meaning and Characteristics of Banks, Types of Banks and Finance Transactions by Banks and Post Offices

• Meaning of banks
•  Banks are the financial institutions which accept deposits from the public and use the money deposited as investment and agree to return whenever they require in the form of cheques, drafts or in some other forms.
•  The term bank is derived from the Italian word “BANCO” or from the French word “BANQUE”, both means a “BENCH” or money ovhanno table
•  Financial institution: It is a financial institution which deals with money.
•  Form of organization: Bank may be a person, a group of persons, firm or a company,
• Acceptance of deposits and lensing of loans: Bank acts as a custodian of the deposits of the public and also lends loans in the form of overdraft, cash credit etc.
•  Payment and withdrawal: Customer can withdraw their deposits in the form of cheques and drafts etc.
•  Agency and utility functions: Bank acts as an agent of its customers and also provides general utility services like paying the taxes, paying the insurance premium and locker facility etc.
•  Profit and service orientation: Bank makes profit by rendering various services to its customers.
•  Ever increasing functions: Bank can expand and diversify its activities and functions means many other functions can also be performed by the bank like investment in government securities and mutual funds etc.
• Connecting link: Bank acts as an intermediary between depositors and borrowers as the deposited amount of a person is given as a loan to another person.
•  Banking BUSINESS: The main activity of a bank is the creation of credit by accepting deposits and lending loans.

Name identity: A bank is always associated by the word bank, for example – State Bank of India and Union Bank of India. It enables the customers to know in which bank they are dealing with money. Functions of a bank

KSEEB Class 10 Business Studies Chapter 1 Banking Transactions

The banking functions can be categorized in two types:

•  Primary or main functions.
•  Secondary or agency and general utility functions. Primary or main functions
•  Accepting deposits
•  Lending loans
•  Creation of credit
  Secondary or agency and general utility functions.
•  Transfer of funds
•  Collection of cheques, drafts and bills
•  Discounting of commercial bills
•  Issuing letters of credit and guarantees
•  Underwriting and mutual fund services
  Relationship between bankers and customers
•  General Relationship – it includes the following relationship:
•  Primary relationship as a debtor and creditor
•  Subsidiary relationship as a trustee and beneficiary
•  Agent and principal relationship
•  Special Relationship
•  Obligation to honour cheques
•  Obligation to maintain secrecy of accounts
  Services offered by banks
•  Providing debit and credit card to its customers.
•  Providing personal loan on a reasonable interest.
•  Providing home and vehicle loan.
•  Trading of mutual funds for its customers.
•  Providing locker facilities to safe the consumer’s precious items.
•  Providing trust services by issuing letter of credit etc.
•  Providing signature guarantees.
•  Providing e-banking facilities to its customers.
• Banking transactions-banks and post offices
•  Any sort of activity involving in money or exchange of money in an account is considered as bank transaction.
•  Banks keep money of the customers in the form of deposits and money thus collected is lent to the customers who need money as loans. These loans are called bank loans.
• All the banking transactions in India are controlled and regulated by the Reserve Bank of India (RBI). RBI is known as the mother of all the banks or bankers BANK or Central Bank of India.
• The postal department of India also acts as the saving bank as it provides the following financial facilities-
• Saving bank account facility.
• Retail Banking functions of monthly income schemes, recurring deposits, time deposits, money order facility etc.

KSEEB Class 10 Business Studies Chapter 1 Banking Transactions Types Of Banks

• Central Bank or Reserve Bank of India
• Commercial banks
• Industrial development banks
• Land development banks
• Indigenous banks
• Co-operative banks
• Exchange banks

Types of Accounts, Methods to Open them and Advantages of them

KSEEB Class 10 Business Studies Chapter 1 Banking Transactions Types of Bank Accounts

•  Savings Bank Account: limited transactions per day.
•  Current Account: Unlimited number of transactions can be made.
•  Recurring Deposit Account: Fixed amount each time (fixed) has to pay.
•  Term Deposit Account: A fixed amount is deposited for a certain period.
  Procedure to open a Bank Account:
  To avail professional banking service, it is mandatory for every individual to open a bank account.
•  Decide the type of account you want to open.
•  Approach the bank officer to collect the form.
•  Fill up the bank account form or the proposal form.
•  Give reference for opening your bank account.
•  Submit the bank account form fully filled in the bank.
•  Initial deposit to be made.
  Advantages of opening a Bank Account:
•  Safe custody of money.
•  Facility of deposits and withdrawals.
• Easy borrowing of loans and advance.
•  Financial discipline.
•  Safety of money and valuables.
  Major operations provided by a Banker.
•  Provides savings bank facility.
•  Mobilization of deposits for the purpose of lending.
•  No deposits less than 10 are accepted by bank.
•  Collection and payment of cheques, drafts or other instruments drawn in favour of account holder.
•  Withdrawal of money by account holders through Pass-book, Cheques, ATM.
•  Agency functions on behalf of its account holders.
•  Transfer of account between different branches of the bank and closure of the account at the request of account holder.
•  Crediting prescribed rate of interest for each calendar month on the minimum balance of credit of the account of its account holder.
  Note: No interest is paid to the customer on Current Account.

KSEEB SSLC Class 9 Biology Notes Karnataka State Syllabus

• Chapter 1 The Fundamental Unit Of Life Notes
• Chapter 2 Tissues Notes
• Chapter 3 Diversity in Living Organisms Notes
• Chapter 4 Why Do We Fall ill Notes
• Chapter 5 Natural Resources Notes
• Chapter 6 Improvement In Food Resources Notes