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KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 7 Mauryas And Kushans Points To Remember

India’s first Empire was Mauryan Empire and Chandra Gupta Maurya, Bindusara and Ashoka are the important kings of this dynasty. The Mauryan dynasty was established by Chandra Gupta Maurya. Megasthenes has recorded his experiences at Patliputhra, the capital of the Maurya empire in his book ‘Indica’. ‘Arthashastra’ is written by the teacher and the Prime Minister of Chandra Gupta Maurya, Kautilya.

• Mudrarakshasa is a Sanskrit play written by Vishaka Dutta which narrates the process of Chandra Gupta Maurya being brought into power by Kautilya.
• Chandra Gupta came to power by dethroning the last king of the Nanda dynasty under the guidance of his teacher Kautilya at the age of twenty-five.
• It is said that Chandra Gupta Maurya later traveled to Shravanbelagola in Karnataka along with Jain sages Bhadrabahu and others. Finally, the tradition says that he undertook ‘Sallekhana Varta’ and passed away there.
• The most popular Emperor of India Ashoka was the governor of Ujjain and Takshashilla during his father Bindhusara’s reign.
• Ashoka declared war on the Kalingas who refused to accept the rule of the Maurya Empire in 261BCE.
• On being inspired by Buddhism, he dedicated his remaining life to spreading the message of ‘peace’Ashoka accepted Buddhism after the Kalinga battle and made donations to Buddhist monasteries and Viharas.
• Ashoka wanted people to show compassion to the poor and slaves too. ‘Live and let live’ said he.
• He appointed officers named“Dharmamahamathra’ to preach the principles of Buddhism.
• Ashoka is called as the father of inscriptions. Till today his inscriptions are the first inscriptions to be read.
• In 1837 C.E., a British officer James Princep deciphered Ashoka’s inscriptions for the first time. In all the inscriptions instead of his name, his titles ‘Devanmpriya’ or ‘Priyadarshi’ were used.
• Charles Beadon a British engineer read an inscription at Maski of Raichur in 1915 C.E. In this inscription ‘Devanampriya Priyadarshi Ashoka’ reference. Appears for the first time. Based on this, it was decided that‘Devanampriya’ and ‘Priydarshi’ are the same. Later in other inscriptions, the name Ashoka appears.
• Pushyagupta, a governor during the reign of Chandragupta Maurya had built ‘Sudarshan Sarvor’, adam in Junagadh of Gujarat.
• Officers named ‘Samahartha’ and ‘Sanidatta’were in charge of the tax collection and were also the custodians of the royal treasury.
• The social system was evolving out of the varna-based caste system of the Vedic period.
• Though the society was divided into four Varnas, namely Brahmana, Kshatriyas, vaishya, and shudra, several castes were also present.
• Officials like “Rujuka’ (Justice officer), ‘Yukta’(Information recording officer), and others were there.
• The Kushans were the progeny of Yuchi and they defeated the Sakas and the Parthians and settled in the Gandhara region.
• The founder of this dynasty was Kujalakadphisus. Vimakadphisus and Kanishka are the noteworthy kings of this dynasty. Kanishka established his rule in 78 C.E. and heralded a new era. This era is called the ‘Saka’era.

Complete the following sentences by using suitable words in the blanks:

1. Chanakya came to be known as Kautilya.
2. Megasthanis’s work Indica.
3. The capital of the Mauryas was Pataliputhra.
4. The founder of the Kushan dynasty was Kujalakadphisus.
5. The new era of Kanishka’s reign is called the Saka era.

Mauryas And Kushans Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1. List the sources which reflect upon the history of Mauryas.
Answer:

• Megasthenes’ Indica
• Kautilya’s ‘Arthashastra’
• Mudrarakshasa
• Deepavamsha and Mahavamsha
• Inscriptions of Ashoka

Class 8 History Mauryas And Kushans KSEEB Notes 

Question 2. Name the important cities during Ashoka’s period.
Answer: Pataliputhra, Takshashila, Ujjain, Doula, Suvarnagiri, and Gimar.

Question 3. Ashok has been named as Great by historians. Give reason.
Answer: Ashok’s most popular Emperor of India Ashoka is from this dynasty. He was the son of Bindhusara. He was the governor of Ujjain and Takshashilla during his father’s reign. He suppressed an uprising at Takshashilla. It is assumed that he ascended the throne in the year 269 B.C.E. He waged a war against Kalinga eight years later. This was the only war waged by him after becoming aking.

Question 4. Describe Ashoka’s administration.
Answer: Maurya Empire had a centralized administration system. There was a strong espionage network. Ministers, priests, princes,s and generals were the higher subordinates of the king. The Empire was divided into provinces. These were ruled by either princes or relatives of the king’s family. Takshashila, Ujjain, Doula, Suvarnagiri, and Girnar were the regional administrative centers. Officials like “Rujuka’ (Justice officer), *Yukta’(Information recording officer), and others were there. The administration of Pataliputhra was done by a group of six committees consisting of thirty officials.

Question 5. Which dynasty did the Kushans belong to?
Answer: Kushans were the progeny of Yuchi.

Question 6. What was the extent of Kanishka’s empire?
Answer: Kanishka’s rule had spread up to Sanchi in the south and Banaras in the east. His kingdom, which included Central Asia too, was a vast empire. Purushapura was his capital. Mathura was another significant town of his time.

Mauryas And Kushans Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. India’s first Empire was

1. Mauryan Empire
2. Gupta Empire
3. Vardhan’s Empire
4. Vijayanagar Empire

Answer: 1. Mauryan Empire

Question 2. The Mauryan dynasty was established by

1. Bindusara
2. Bimbisara
3. Chandra Gupta Maurya
4. Ajathashathru

Answer: 3. Chandra Gupta Maurya

Question 3. The author of ‘Indica’ is

1. Seleucus Nicator
2. Huien Tsang
3. Fashion
4. Megasthenes

Answer: 4. Megasthenes

Question 4. Arthashastra is written in

1. Kannada
2. Hindi
3. Sanskrit
4. English

Answer: 3. Sanskrit

KSEEB History Chapter 7 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 5. Ashoka organized the third Buddhist conference at

1. Pataliputhra
2. Kashmir
3. Prayag
4. Buddhagaya

Answer: 2. Kashmir

Question 6. Ashoka’s inscriptions are found in Brahmagiri of

1. Mysore
2. Chitradurga
3. Bengaluru
4. Bidar

Answer: 2. Chitradurga

Question 7. The governor of Chandra Gupta Maurya who had built ‘Sudarshan Sarvor’ was

1. Pushyagupta
2. Tushaspa
3. Sanidatta
4. Samahartha

Answer: 1. Pushyagupta

Question 8. ‘Kachhuw’ was

1. Copper coin
2. Golden coin
3. Silver coin
4. Brass coin

Answer: 3. Silver coin

Question 9.‘Rujuka’ of Maurayan Period

1. Justice officer
2. Information recording officer
3. Military officer
4. Religious officer

Answer: 1. Justice officer

Complete the following sentences by using suitable words in the blanks:

1. Mauryan ruled from Magda
2. The capital of the Maurya Empire was Patliputhra
3. ‘Arthashastra’ is written by Kautilya
4. The teacher of Chandra Gupta Maurya was Kautilya
5. The Sanskrit play written by Vishaka Dutta was Mudrarakshasa.
6. The scholar who discovered the manuscript of Kautilya’s Arthashastra was R.Shamashastri
7. Yukta of the Mauryan Period was an Information recording officer
8. The Yuchi factions became united under the leadership of Kujalakadphisus
9. The capital of the Mauryan Empire was Purushapura

Mauryas And Kushans Answer the following questions in a sentence:

Question 1. Which dynasty did the Kushans belong to?
Answer: The Kushans belonged to the Yuchi dynasty

Question 2. Why was Dharmamahamathra appointed?
Answer: Ashoka appointed officers called‘Dharmamahamathra’ to preach the principles of Buddhism.

Question 3. Who is called as the father of inscriptions?
Answer: Ashoka is called as the father of inscriptions.

Question 4. What is discussed in Deepavamsha and Mahavamsha?
Answer: These two are Srinlankan literary works. They narrate the efforts of Ashoka to spread Buddhism in Srilanka.

KSEEB Class 8 History Chapter 7 Questions And Answers 

Question 5. Who started the ‘Saka’ era?
Answer: Kanishka established his rule in 78 C.E. and heralded a new era called the ‘Saka’ era

Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1. How does Megasthenes’ Indica help historians to write about Mauryans?
Answer: Megasthenes was in India as the ambassador of the Greeks in the court of Chandragupta Maurya. He has recorded his experiences at Patliputhra, the capital of the Maurya empire in his book ‘Indica’. ‘Indica’ reveals the city administration and social and religious life of the Maurya period.

Question 2.‘Arthashastra’ is the handbook of the Mauryan administration. Justify.
Answer:‘Arthashastra’ is written by the teacher and the Prime Minister of Chandra Gupta Maurya, Kautilya. It outlines the basic principles on administration, foreign affairs, and judicial duties that a king ought to know. By reading this book, one can understand the politics, economy, administration, society, and other aspects of the Maurya period.

Question 3. Why did Ashoka decide not to wage war after the Kalinga war?
Answer: Ashoka declared war on Kalinga eight years after Gupta Maurya assumed the throne. In this battle one lakh fifty

Question 4. Explain the achievements of Chandra Gupta Maurya
Answer: Chandra Gupta Maurya founded the Maurya Empire. He defeated last king of the Nanda dynasty at the Kalinga was won by Ashoka, he was disturbed age twenty-five. He declared war against Seleucus Nicator and the battle ended in an agreement. Seleucus gave few places including today’s Afghanistan and Baluchistan to Chandra Gupta On being inspired by Buddhism, he dedicated Maurya. his remaining life to spreading the message of Chandra Gupta Maurya married his daughter.

Question 5. Explain the relationship between Seleucus and Chandra Gupta Maurya.
Answer: In 305 B.C.E., Chandra Gupta Maurya declared battle war against Seleucus Nicator and the battle ended in an agreement. According to it, Seleucus handed over four territories that included today’s Afghanistan and Baluchistan to Chandra Gupta Maurya. Moreover, he married his daughter to him.

Question 6. Chandra Gupta Maurya’s name is associated with Shravanabelagola. Why?
Answer: As per a Jain tradition, it is said that Chandra Gupta Maurya handed over his reign to his son Bindhusara after accepting Jainism in his last days. It is said that he later traveled to Shravanabelagola in Karnataka along with Jain sages Bhadrabahu and others. Finally, the tradition says that he undertook ‘Sallekhana Varta’ and passed away there.

Question 7. Why did Ashoka decide not to wage war after the Kalinga war?
Answer: Ashoka declared war on Kalinga eight years after assuming the throne. In this battle one lakh fifty thousand prisoners were taken. One lakh people died. Many more became refugees. Though Kalinga was won by Ashoka, he was disturbed by the deaths and the pain of the battle. And he decided not to wage war thereafter. He considered victory of religion is better than victory in the battlefield. He went into repentance on seeing the devastation created by the war. On being inspired by Buddhism, he dedicated his remaining life to spreading the message of ‘peace’.

Question 8. How was Buddhism spread by Ashoka?
Answer: Ashoka accepted Buddhism after the Kalinga battle. He made donations to Buddhist monasteries and Viharas. He appointed officers named ‘Dharmamahamathra’ to preach the principles of Buddhism. He installed inscriptions all across the kingdom to preach the messages of Buddhism. Preachers were sent to other countries as well. A person named Rakshita was sent to Banavasi and another person by name ‘Mahadeva’ was sent to Mahishamandala (Mysuru). He also sent his son Rahula and daughter Sangamithre to Srilanka. In 250 B.C.E., he organized the third Buddhist conference at Pataliputhra.

Mauryas And Kushans KSEEB Class 8 Textbook Solutions 

Question 9. Explain the Economic System during the Maurya period.
Answer: There are evidence that proves that the lake and canal system of irrigation was good during the Maurya period. Pushyagupta had built ‘Sudarshan Sarvor’,adam in Junagadh of Gujarat. An officer named ‘Tushaspa’ built the canal system for ‘Sudarshan Sarvor’dam Prisoners of war and slaves were engaged in agricultural activities. Land tax was the main source of revenue for the state. ‘Samahartha’ and ‘ Sanidatta’ were in charge of the tax collection The technology of producing metal ‘Alloys’had evolved during the reign of Mauryas. Merchants were transporting goods on these roads to sell within and outside the empire.‘Kachhu’ marked silver coins were in circulation in the Maurya Kingdom.

Question 10. Explain the Social System of the Mauryan Period.
Answer: The social system was evolving out of the varna-based caste system of the Vedic period. Brahmana, Kshatriyas, vaishya, and shudra, several castes were also present. Megasthenes records the presence of seven castes in Mauryan society in his Indica. The Buddhist sources also confirm the existence of castes. The caste system had started assuming rigidity during the Maurya period itself. Indica does not record the existence of slaves’ and ‘dasas’ in Mauryan society. Slavery was less harsh than slavery of Greek and Roman societies. Shudras, the last in the varna system, were employed as agricultural laborers and domestic help.

Question 11.Explain the contribution of Maurayans to the field of Art and Architecture
Answer: Megasthanese’s ‘Indica’ records the grandeur of Maurya’s palace in Patliputhra.Maurayans constructed the wooden Palace and the fort around the palace in Pataliputhra‘Stupas’ were built and ‘pillars’ were erected. Our national emblem of a four-headed lion is taken from the Ashoka pillar of Saranath. Ashoka built three rock-cut caves at Baarbar hill. His son Dasharatha, built three more rock-cut caves at Nagaruni hills.

Question 12. How did Kushanas establish their power in India?
Answer: Kushanas were basically from a nomadic tribe that had migrated to India from Central Asia. The Kushans defeated the Sakas and the Parthians and settled in the Gandhara region. The founder of this dynasty was Kujalakadphisus. The Yuchi factions became united under the leadership of Kujalakadphisus. Kujalakadphisus crossed the Hindukush range and settled in Kabul and Kashmir. Vimakadphisus brought out gold coins into circulation.

Question 13. What were the measures undertaken to spread Buddhism by Kanishka?
Answer: Buddhism could prosper much more than before due to the patronage given by Kanishka.Kanishka patronage Buddhist scholars like Aswagosha, Vasumitra, and Sangaraksha. He organized the fourth Buddhist conference at Kashmir. Kanishka sent missions to Central Asia and China to spread Buddhism.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 11 The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Points To Remember

• The Rashtrakutas were the feudatory kings of the Chalukyas in the beginning.
• The kingdom which began with Dantidurga continued with Krishna, Govinda II, Dhruva, Govinda III, Amoghavarsha and others, and reached its peak.
• The ports of the west coast were busy trading centres and enjoyed great prosperity by developing trade relations with Persia and Arabian.
• The Arab traveller Sulaiman has praised Amoghavarsha as ‘One of the four powerful emperors of the World.’
• Amoghavarsha was brave and peace-loving and encouraged all faiths.
• The Mahasandhivigrahi was appointed to look after the foreign affairs.
• For the purpose of administrative convenience, (the lie kingdom was divided into Rashtra (Mandal1, Vishaya, Nadu and Grama.
• The leader of the grama was called gramapati or prabhugavunda.
• The vishayapati and the Rashtrapati were the officers for the vaishya or the district and the Rashtra respectively.
• Trivikrama wrote Nalachampu, the first champu work in Sanskrit literature. Hal yudha wrote ‘Kavirahasya’. Jinasena, mathematician Mahaveeracharya, grammarian Shakatayana, Gunabhadra, and Veerasena were in Amoghavarsha’s court.
• Pampa, known as Adikavi wrote Adipurana and Vikramaij unavij aya in Kannada.
• The Kannada University, Hampi, has been awarding the title of Nadoja in memory of the first poet, Pampa, to great achievers in Karnataka every year.
• The Kailashnath temple at Ellora built by Krishna I is a monolithic wonder. This temple has been carved from a rock 100 feet high, 276 feet long and 154 feet wide. Nearby is the famous Dashavatara cave temple.
• The credit for building a new city called Kalyana and making it the capital goes to Someshwara-I.
• The notable works of the Chalukyas period are ‘Gadayuddha’ (Sahasa Bheema Vijay1 written by Ranna, ‘Panchatantra’ written by Durgasimha, ‘Vikramankadeva Charita’ composed by Bilhana, ‘Dharmamruta’ composed by Nayasena and the legal work, ‘Mitakshara’, authored by Vignaneshwara. ‘Manasollasa’ written by King Someshwaralll is considered a Sanskrit encyclopaedia.
• Queen Chandralekha patronised many music scholars and dancers. ‘Manasollasa’ and the workofJagadekamallall ‘SangeetaChudamani’ discuss many topics related to music, dance, art and jewellery.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Exercises

Fill in the blanks :

1. The founder of the Rashtrakuta dynasty was Dantidurga.
2. The Chalukya king of Kalyana who was responsible for the defeat of the Rashtrakutas was Tailapa-II.
3. The author of4 Kavirahasya’ is Halyudha.
4. The famous poem written by Ponna is Shanti Parana.
5. The most famous king among the Kalyana Chalukyas was Someshwara-1
6. The person who can be called ‘the pioneer of the social revolution’ is Sri Jagajyoti Basaveshwara

Class 8 History The Rashtrakutas of Manyakheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana KSEEB Notes 

The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Answer the following questions:

Question 1. How was the administrative system of the Rashtrakutas?
Answer: The kingship was hereditary. The kingdom was divided into provinces (mandal1 and small provinces (Nadu). There were Campanas (today’s hobli) to enable the smooth functioning of the administration of villages.

Question 2. Write about the educational system under the Rashtrakutas.
Answer: Agraharas and maths were the prominent educational centres in those days. Knowledge was imparted about Sanskrit, the Vedas, astrology, logic and the Puranas. Salotgi in the Hindi taluk of Bijapur district was one of the leading centres of learning.

Question 3. Write about the Ellora temple.
Answer: The Kailashnath temple at Ellora built by Krishna I is a monolithic wonder. This temple has been carved from a rock 100 feet high, 276 feet long and 154 feet wide.

Question 4. How did the Kalyan Chalukyas encourage literature?
Answer: Kannada literature prospered with the support of Jain scholars. The notable works of this period are ‘Gadayuddha’ (Sahasa Bheema Vijay1 written by Ranna, Panchayat antra’ written by Durgasimha, ‘Vikramankadeva Charita’ composed by Bilhana, ‘Dharmamruta’ composed by Nayasena and the legal work, ‘Mitakshara’, authored by Vignaneshwara. ‘Manasollasa’ written by King Someshwara III is considered a Sanskrit encyclopaedia.

The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The first Kannada work is
1)Kaviraja Marga
2)Nalachampu
3)Kavirahasya
4)Adipurana
Answer: 1) Kaviraja Marga

Question 2. The Arab traveller who praised Amoghavarsha’s kingdom was
1)AbudalRazak
2)Alberuni
3)Sulaiman
4)Abul Faizi
Answer: 3) Sulaiman

Question 3. Mahasandhivigrahi was appointed to look after
1)The foreign affairs
2)The military affairs
3)The marketing affairs
4)The local administration
Answer: 1)The foreign affairs

Question 4. The leader of the grama was called
1)Prabhugavunda
2)Nadagavunda
3)Prajagavunda
4)Rajagavunda
Answer: 1) Prabhugavunda

KSEEB History Chapter 11 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 5.The poet who assumed the title Adikavi was
1)Pampa
2)Ponna
3)Ranna
4)Halyudha
Answer: 1 Pampa

Question 6. The new city called Kalyana was built by
1)Someshwara-I
2)Karka -II
3)Vikramaditya-VI
4)Someshwara-I
Answer: 1) Someshwara-I

Question 7. The king who defeated Rajadhiraja Chola in ‘Koppam’ was
1)Someshwara-I
2)Karka -II
3)Vikramaditya-VI
4)Someshwara-II
Answer: 1) Someshwara-I

The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Answer the following questions in a sentence or two sentences:

Question 1. Name the famous kings of the Rashtrakutas.
Answer: The kingdom which began with Dantidurga, continued with Krishna, Govinda II, Dhruva, Govinda III, Amoghavarsha and others, and reached its peak.

Question 2. How did Amoghavarsha get rid of the enmity with the Gangas and the Pallavas?
Answer: Amoghavarsha got rid of the enmity by developing marital relations with the Gangas and the Pallavas.

Question 3. How was the relationship between Amoghavarsha and Arabs?
Answer: The ports of the west coast were busy trading centres and enjoyed great prosperity by developing trade relations with Persia and Arabian.
Arabian.

Question 4. How were the Rashtrakutas rule ended?
Answer: The weakness in administration during the period of Karka II paved the way for the rise of his feudatory ruler Tailapa II of the Kalyana Chalukyas and brought the end of the Rashtrakutarule.

Class 8 History Chapter 11 Guide On The Rashtrakutas Of Manyakheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana KSEEB 

Question 5. What were the sources of Income for the Rashtrakutas?
Answer: Land revenue, the toll on goods, houses, shops, and tax on occupations like operating ferries, formed the income of the kingdom. Foreign trade also brought in lot of taxes

Question 6.Who was ‘Kaditavergade’ ?
Answer: There was an officer called ‘Kaditavergade’ appointed to look after the collection of land revenue.

The Rashtrakutas Of ManyaKheta And The Chalukyas Of Kalyana Answer the following questions in four to six sentences:

Question 1. How was the administrative system of the Rashtrakutas?
Answer: The kingship among the Rashtrakutas was hereditary. There used to be a Council of Ministers to assist the King There would be a prominent person in the Council of Ministers appointed as the Mahasandhivigrahi to look after foreign affairs. For the purpose of administrative convenience, the kingdom was divided into Rashtra (Mandal1, Vishaya, Nadu and Grama. The leader of the grama was called gramapati or prabhugavunda. He was the leader of the village army too. He was assisted by the village accountant. There were grama sabhas also. There used to be an official called nadagavundain the nidus. Similar officials would be there in the vi shay as an ashtray. The vishayapati and the Rashtrapati were the officers for the vaishya or the district and the Rashtra respectively.

Question 2. How was rural administration organised?
Answer: The leader of the grama was called gramapati or prabhugavunda. He was the leader of the village army too. He was assisted by the village accountant. There were grama sabhas also. There used to be an official called nadagavunda in the nidus. Similar officials would be there in the Visayas and rashers.

Question 3. Explain the contribution of the Rashtrakutas to the field of literature.
Answer: The Rashtrakutas encouraged both Kannada and Sanskrit. Excellent works were written in Sanskrit. Trivikrama wrote Nalachampu, the first champu work in Sanskrit literature. Hal yudha wrote ‘Kavirahasya’. Jinasena, mathematician Mahaveeracharya, grammarian Shakatayana, Gunabhadra, and Veerasena were in Amoghavarsha’s court. Pampa, known as Adikavi wrote Adipurana and Vikramarjunavijaya in Kannada. Ubhayakavi Ponna composed ‘Shanti Purana’. Shrivijaya, who was in the court of Amoghavarsha, wrote ‘Kavirajamarga’.

Question 4. How was the education system in the Rashtrakuta period?
Answer: Agraharas and maths were the prominent educational centres in those days. Knowledge was imparted about Sanskrit, the Vedas, astrology, logic and the Puranas. Salotgi inland taluk of Bijapur district was one of the leading centres of learning.

KSEEB Class 8 Rashtrakutas And Chalukyas Study Materials 

Question 5. Explain the contribution of the Rashtrakuta to religion.
Answer: The Rashtrakuta kings were devotees of Shiva and Vishnu, and built many Shiva and Vishnu temples. Jainism had received royal patronage and became a widespread religion.

Question 6. The Kailashnath temple is a monolithic wonder. Justify
Answer: The Kailashnath temple at Ellora built by Krishna I is a monolithic wonder. This temple has been carved from a rock 100 feet high, 276 feet long and 154 feet wide

Question 7. Explain the administrative arrangements of Chalukyas of Kalyana.
Answer: Like the Chalukyas of Badami, the Chalukyas of Kalyana too have made special contributions in various fields. The kingship was hereditary. The kingdom was divided into provinces (mandal1 and small provinces (nadu). There were Campanas (today’s hobli) to enable the smooth functioning of the administration of villages.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 12 The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Points To Remember

• According to Sangam literature, Karikala Chola is the founder of this dynasty. Vijayalaya Chola revived the kingdom and made Thanjavur as his capital.
• Rajaraja I was a brave, great warrior and able administrator. As the founder of the Chola empire, he strengthened its foundations and expanded his kingdom.
• The Brihadeeshwara temple built by Rajaraja Chola I in Thank savior is a very famous one.
• The Chola empire weakened during the period of Rajendra Chola III, and the Pandyas could overpower them easily.
• There was a committee of subjects called Ur in every village.
• The grama sabhas were the first sabhas. Tara- kurram was a village. Every Khurram had a village committee named Mahasabha. This was also called perumguri and its members perumakkal.
• The Cholas constructed many lakes, and the Bellandur lake near Bangalore is one of these. They built a huge pond in Gangaikonda Cholapuram.
• The Brihadeeshwara temple in Thanjavur is 500 feet tall and it is in a courtyard 250 feet wide. Its shikhara is 200 feet tall. The Choleshwara temple was built by Raj endurance.
• Ramayana written by Kamba, Periya Purana composed by Sekkilar, and Thirukkadeva’s Jeevika Chintamani was the important works.
• The founder of this dynasty, Sala, on the order of a Jain monk, Sudatta, fought with a tiger and, killed it near Sosevuru village (today’s Angadi)in Mudigere taluk of Chikmagalur district Vishnuvardhana was tired important Hoysala king who came after Nrupakama, Ereyanga, and Ballala.
• Vishnuvardhana won Gangavadi from the Cholas and earned the title ‘Talakadugonda’. In order to commemorate this victory, he built the Kirtinarayan temple in Talakadu and the Chennakeshava (Vijayanarayan1 temple at Belur.
• Ramanujacharya could not spread the message ofVishishtadvaita sect in the Chola kingdom and come to Bittideva’s (Vishnuvardhan1 court, and under his patronage, spread his faith in the whole of Karnataka.
• In the villages, there used to be the representatives of the government like the Gowda, senabova, talawaraand others.
• A unique feature of this society was that the king used to have a special army of guards called; garuda’. When the king died, these guards would also sacrifice their lives.
• Rudrabhatta wrote ‘JagannathaVijaya’, the great poet Janna wrote ‘Yashodhara Charite’, Harihara composed the Champu poem ‘Girija Kalyana’, Raghavanka authored ‘Harishchandra Kavya’ and Keshiraja wrote ‘Shabdamani Darpana’. Even in Sanskrit, memorable works composed were Sreebhasya by Ramanujacharya and Parasharabhatta, composed Sri Guna Ratnakosha.
• There are beautiful idols of Madanikas (Shilabalikas) on the brackets of the pillars of the Chennakeshava temple at Belur.
• The military general, Ketamalla, built the Hoysaleshwara temple at Halebidu.
• The Keshava temple constructed by Somadandanayaka at Somanathapura is famous.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Exercises

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Fill in the blanks:

1. The capital of the Cholas was Thanjavur.
2. The committee of the subjects in every village during the period of the Cholas was Ur
3. The most famous Chola educational center or agrahara was Uttaramerur
4. The temple in Begur near Bangalore built by the Cholas was the Choleshwara temple.
5. The army of bodyguards during the time of the Hoysalas was garuda.
6. The poem written by Raghavanka was Harishchandra Kavya.

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Answer, in brief, the following questions.

Question 1. Who was the founder of the Chola kingdom?
Answer: Karikala Chola was the founder of the Chola kingdom.

Class 8 History The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra KSEEB Notes 

Question 2. Write a note on the significant features of the Chola administration.
Answer: The Cholas had set up an able and efficient administrative system. The kingdom had been divided into mandalam, kotwangi, Nadu, Khurram, or community of villages, and tara-Khurram. There was a committee of subjects called Ur in every village.

Question 3. Describe the encouragement given by the Hoysalas to literature.
Answer: Kannada literature flourished immensely. Rudrabhatta wrote ‘JagannathaVijaya’, the great poet Janna wrote4 Yashodhara Charite’, Harihara composed the Champu poem4 Girij a Kalyana’, Raghavanka authored ‘Harishchandra Kavya’ and Keshiraja wrote ‘Shabdamani Darpana’. Even in Sanskrit, memorable works composed were Sreebhasya by Ramanujacharya and Parasharabhatta, composed by Sri Guna Ratnakosha.

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The Cholas were the subordinates of the
1) Pallavas
2) Chalukyas
3) Hoysalas
4) Pandyas
Answer: 1) Pallavas

Question 2. The founder of the Chola dynasty was
1) Karikala Chola
2) Vijayalaya Chola
3) Raj araj a Chola I
4) Rajendra Chola
Answer: 1) Karikala Chola

Question 3. Ur means a
1)committee
2) village
3) city
4) fort
Answer: 1) committee

Question 4. The Bellandur lake near Bangalore was built by the
1)Pallavas
2)Chalukyas
3)Cholas
4)Pandyas
Answer: 3) Cholas

KSEEB Class 8 History Chapter 12 Questions And Answers 

Question 5. The Choleshwara temple was built by
1 Karikala Chola
2) Vijayalaya Chola
3) Raj araj a Chola I
4) Rajendran Chola
Answer: 4) Rajendran Chola

Question 6.Periya Purana composed by
1) Sekkilar
2) Kamba
3) Thirukkadeva
4) Rudrabhatta
Answer: 1) Sekkilar

Question 7. The important Hoysala king was
1) Ereyanga
2) Nrupakama
3) Ballala
4) Vishnuvardhana
Answer: 4) Vishnuvardhana

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Answer the following questions in a sentence each:

Question 1. Which was the capital of the Hoysalas?
Answer: Dwarasamudra was the capital of the Hoysalas

Question 2. Who were garudas?
Answer: A unique feature of this society was that the king used to have a special army of guards called ‘garuda’.

Question 3. How were the Cholas rule ended?
Answer: The Chola empire weakened during the period of Rajendra Chola III, and the Pandyas could overpower them easily.

The Cholas and Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra KSEEB Class 8 Textbook Solutions 

Question 4. Who was the founder of the Chola kingdom?
Answer: Karikala Chola was the founder of the Chola kingdom.

The Cholas And Hoysalas Of Dwarasamudra Answer, in brief, the following questions:

Question 1. How was Cholas’ village administration?
Answer: The gramasabha dealt with the problems of the village. The gramabhojaka looked after the village administration.

Question 2. Write a short note on the Brihadeeshwara temple of Thanjavur.
Answer: The Brihadeeshwara temple in Thanjavur is 500 feet tall and it is in a courtyard 250 feet wide. Its shikhara is 200 feet tail. The Choleshwara temple was built by Rajendran.

Question 3. What were the achievements of Rajaraia Chola 
Answer: Rajaraja I strengthened its foundations and expanded his kingdom. He overpowered the Cheras, Gangas, and Pandyas. He captured Sri Lanka by building a naval force. He built the Brihadeeshwara temple in Thanjavur.

KSEEB Class 8 Cholas And Hoysalas Study Materials 

Question 4. How did the Hoysalas get their name?
Answer: The founder of this dynasty Sala, on the order of a Jain monk, Sudatta, fought with a tiger and, killed it near Sosevuru village (today’s Angadi) in Mudigere taluk of Chikmagalur district. It inspired the people to exclaim Tloysala!’, and he established this empire.

Question 5. What were the achievements of Vishnuvardhana?
Answer: Vishnuvardhana was the important Hoysala king He won Gangavadi from the Cholas and earned the title Talakadugonda’. In order to commemorate this victory, he built the Kirtinarayan temple in Talakadu and the Chennakeshava (Vijayanarayan1 )temple at Belur. He tried to expand his kingdom but was defeated by the Chalukyan king Vikramaditya VI.

Question 6. How did Vishnuvardhana help Ramanujachrya?
Answer: Ramanuj acharya could not spread the message ofVishishtadvaita sect in the Chola kingdom and come to Bittideva’s (Vishnuvardhan1 court, and under his patronage, spread his faith in the whole ofKamataka.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 10 The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Points To Remember

• The Chalukya dynasty occupies an important position in the history of South India and is one of the most powerful dynasties in India.
• Raja Jayasimha is the founder of the Chalukya dynasty.
• The most powerful and noteworthy emperor of this dynasty is Pulakeshi II.
• When Ilarshavardhana, who was ruling in North India, he advanced up to the banks of river Narmada, Pulakeshi stopped him and earned the titles of’Dakshinapatheshwara’ and ‘Lord of the Peninsula’ for his daring act.
• Arab historians report that Pulakeshi II had diplomatic relations with the Persian king, Khusru II.
• The Chalukyas were the ones who gave the name ‘Karnataka’ to this land.
• The kingdom was divided into districts called vishaya and the vishayadhipati used to look after it
• The Sanskrit scholars of this time are Ravikirti, Vijjika, and Akalanka. Kaumudi Mahotsav was written by Pulakeshi II’s daughter-in-law, poetess Vijjika, and Hara Parvatiya of Shivabhattaraka are important Sanskrit drama.
• The evolution of the series of temple architecture has first been experimented with here. This style found its full expression at Pattadakallu.
• The Pallavas are the first kings of Tamilnadu.
• The Pallavas and the Kadambas harbored perpetual enmity towards each other. Subsequently, Pulakeshi II of the Chalukya dynasty defeated Mahendravarma of the Pallava dynasty.
• Narasimhavarma built a city on the sea coast near Kanchi and named it Mahabalipuram.
• Bharavi (the author of Kirataijuniya) and Dandi (the author of Dashakumar Charita) were the poets in the Pallava court.
• King Mahendravarma himself wrote a social drama, ‘Matta Vila-sa Prahasana’ and a book Bhagavadujjuka. This age witnessed the rise of the Bhakti movement. It also supported the renaissance of the Vedic religion. Slokas were written in Tamil. These have become tire treasures of Tamil literature.
• Pancharathas are famous monolithic temples. The carving of ‘Arjuna’s Meditation’ has emerged as an excellent work of art.
• The temples ofKailasanath, Ekambamath, and Vaikurita Perumal at Kanchi, and the coastal temple at Mahabalipuram are excellent examples of ancient Indian architecture.
• The Pallavas had a good naval force. Merchants had trade relations with South Asian countries like Malaya, Indonesia, and others.

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The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Exercises

The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Fill in the blanks:

1. The Pallava king who was defeated by Pulakeshi is Mahendravarma.
2. The dynasty which gave the name Karnataka is the Chalukyas of Badami.
3. The writer of the Sanskrit drama Hara Parvatiya is Shivabhattaraka.
4. The Pallava king who earned the title Vatapikonda is Narasimhavarma I.
5. The painting The Meditation of Arjuna is in Mahabalipuram.

Class 8 History The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi KSEEB Notes 

The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1. How did Pulakeshi II extend his empire?
Answer: The most powerful and noteworthy emperor of the Chalukya dynasty is Pulakeshi II. Overpowering the Gangas, Kadambas, and /or VI upas, he emended his empire. The Pallavas were at the peak of glory in South Deccan. Since Mahendravarma did not accept the sovereignty of Pulakeshi, Pulakeshi defeated him. When Harshavardhana, who was smiling in North India, he advanced upto the banks of river Narmada, Pulakeshi stopped hint and earned The titles of ‘Dakshinapatheshwara’ and ‘Lord of the Peninsula’ for his daring act.

Question 2. Describe the administrative system of the Chalukyas.
Answer: The king was actively involved in administration. The kingdom was divided into districts called vishaya and the vishayadhipati used to look after it. The village was the smallest unit of the administration. The village leaders looked after the village accounts.

Question 3. The Chalukyas were lovers of literature. Explain with examples.
Answer: The Chalukyas of Badami patronized literature. Kannada and Sanskrit developed very well. The Tripodi form of poetry came into existence. There are many inscriptions written in Kannada. One of the poems in the inscription of Kappe Arabhatta of Badami is in tripod form. Ravikirti, Vi y Oca, and Akalanka were Sanskrit scholars. Kaumudi Mahotsav was written by Vijjika, Hara Parvatiya of Shivabhattaraka are important Sanskrit drama.

Question 4. Name the Pallava kings who ruled from Kanchi.
Answer: Shivaskandavarma, Mahendravarma, and Narasimhavarma J were the Pallava kings

Question 5. How did the Pallavas encourage Sanskrit and Tamil?
Answer: The Pallavas encouraged both Sanskrit and Tamil. Kanchi was the center of Sanskrit literature. Bharavi (the author of Kiratarjuniya) and Dandi (the author of Dashakumar Charita) were the poets in the Pallava court. King Mahendravarma himself wrote a social drama, ‘Matta Vila-sa Prahasana’ and a book Bhagavadujjuka.

The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The founder of the Chalukyas dynasty was
1) Raja Jayasimlia
2) Pulakeshi H
3) PulaTakeshi I
4) Mangalesh
Answer: 1) Raja Jayasimha

Question2. The most powerful and noteworthy emperor of the Chalukyas dynasty is
1) Jayaslmha
2) Pulakesiii II
3) Pulakeshi I
4) Mangalesh
Answer: 2) Pulakesiii II

Question 3. Kaumudi Mahotsav was written by
1) Vijjika
2) Ravikirti
3) Kappe Arabhatta
4) Akalanka
Answer: 1) Vijjika

Question 4. The writer of the Play Hara Parvatiya is
1) Vijjika
2) Ravikirti
3) Shivabhattaraka
4) Akalanka
Answer: 3) Shivabhattaraka

Question 5. The first kings of Tamilnadu was the
1) Pallavas
2) Choias
3)Pandyas
4) Cheras
Answer: 1) Pallavas

KSEEB History Chapter 10 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 6. The first king of the Pallava dynasty was
1) Shivaskandavarma
2) Narasimhavarma I
3) Narasimhavarma II
4) Mahendravarman
Answer: 1) Shivaskandavarma

Question 7. Bhars’Livrote
1) Kiratai Duniya
2) Dash; Kumar Charita.
3) Malta Viiasa Prahasana
4) Rajatarangini
Answer: 1) Kiratarjuniya

Question 8. The author of Dashakumar Charita was
1) Card i
2) Bharavi
3) Mahendravarma
4) Narasimhavarrnan
Answer: 1) Dandi

Question 9. The authorof‘Matta Vila-saPrahasana’was
1) Dandi
2)Bharavi.
3) Mahendravarma
4) Narasimhavarrnan
Answer: 3) Mahendravarma

The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Answer the following questions in one sentence or two sentences each:

Question 1. Which were the titles assumed by Pulakeshi II?
Answer: Pulakeshi II earned the titles of ‘Dakshinapatheshwara’ and ‘Lord of the Peninsula’ for his daring act.

Question 2. How was the relationship of Pulakeshi II with foreign kings?
Answer: Pulakeshi II was an optimistic emperor. He had friendly relations with foreign kings too. Arab historians report that he had diplomatic relations with the Persian king, Khusru II.

Question 3. How did the Pallavas become independent?
Answer: In the beginning, Pallavas were the officials of the Shatavahanas. When the Shatavahana dynasty declined, the Pallavas declared themselves kings of the territory.

Question 4. Which were the titles assumed by Narasimhavarrnan?
Answer: Mahamalla and Vatapikonda were the titles assumed by Narasimhavarrnan

Question 5. Which was city built by Narasimhavarma?
Answer: Mahabalipuram was city built by Narasimhavarma

Class 8 History Chapter 10 Guide On The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi KSEEB 

Question 6. How was the rule of Pallavas ended?
Answer: During the reign of Aparajita Pallava, Aditya of the Chola dynasty put an end to the Pallava me.

The Chalukyas Of Badami And The Pallavas Of Kanchi Answer the following questions in four to six sentences each:

Question 1. Pulikesh II was the most powerful king of Chalukyas of Badami. Justify.
Answer: The most powerful and noteworthy emperor of the Chalukya dynasty is Pulakeshi n. Overpowering the Gangas, Kadambas, and Alupas, he extended his empire. The Pallavas were at the peak of glory in South Deccan. Since Mahendravarma did not accept the sovereignty of Pulakeshi, Pulakeshi defeated him. When Harshavardhana, who was ruling in North India, he advanced upto the banks of river Narmada, Pulakeshi stopped him and earned the titles of ‘Dakshinapatheshwara’ and ‘Lord of the Peninsula’ for his daring act.

Question 2. How was the relationship of Pulakeshi II with the Pallava Kings?
Answer: Pulakeshi II of the Chalukya dynasty defeated Mahendravarma of the Pallava dynasty. Narasimhavarma I who came later was the most famous of the Pallava kings. He took revenge on the Chalukyas by defeating Pulakeshi II and capturing Vatapi.

Question 3. Explain the contribution of the Chalukyas to the religion.
Answer: The Chalukyas encouraged all traditions and sects like that of the Shaivas, Vaishnavas, and Jains. They supported the construction of Jain temples and Buddhist viharas too.

Question 4. Explain the administrative arrangements of the Pallavas.
Answer: They introduced systematic administration in Tamil Nadu. Their kingdom was strong and organized. There were ministers and provincial officers. The kingdom had been divided into a mandala, Nadu, and grama. The grama sabha dealt with the problems of the village. The gramabhojaka looked after the village administration.

Question 5. Explain the contribution of the Chalukyas to Art and Architecture.
Answer: The Chalukyas of Badami built beautiful temples at Badami, Aihole and Pattadakallu. They developed ‘The Chalukya Style’ in Indian architecture. They built cave temples in the rocks of Badami. The best temples in the Chalukya style are in Aihole and Pattadkallu. Aihole was one of the cradles of temple architecture. Lokeshwara (Virupaksha) and Trilokeshwara (Mallikarjuna) are the famous temples. Sculptures of Vishnu, Varaha, Harihara, and Ardhanarishwara in the caves of Badami are unique. The Aj anta paintings of this period are world-famous.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 9 South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Points To Remember

The area between the Vindhya mountains and Kanyakumari in the south is called South India or the Deccan region. The Shatavahanas, Kadambas, Gangas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, and Pallavas have been the important dynasties of the Deccan region. The Shathavahanas were the first to have established a dynasty in the Deccan. Simuka became independent and made Srikakulam, his capital.

• Shalivahana Saka is supposed to have been inaugurated by Gautami Puthra Shatakarni.
• Shatakarni had titles such as ‘Trisamudratoyapitavahana’ and ‘Shatavahana Kulayashapratishtapanakara’.
• The Shatavahanas who followed the Vedic tradition encouraged other religions like Buddhism and Jainism and believed in harmony.
• They promoted art, literature, and education. Literature was created in Prakrit, the language of both scholars and common people. Gathasaptashati written by Hala is an example of this.
• The Ajanta and the Amaravati paintings were created during the period of the Shatavahanas. Temples, viharas, and chaityalayas were also constructed.
• A chaityagraha was built in Karle by the Banavasi merchant Bhootapala.
• The Kadambas is the first dynasty to be established in Karnataka. Their capital was Banavasi which is in today’s North Canara district.
• Mayurasharma was the founder and a great king of this dynasty.
• First Prakrit and later Sanskrit became the court language. Kannada was the language of the people.
• The ancient Halmidi inscription shows the characteristics of the Kannada language which was in use in the 5th century. This has been the first inscription available in Kannada.
• The Malavalli inscription is in the Prakrit language. The Talagunda inscription is the first Sanskrit inscription to be found in Karnataka.
• The founders of the Ganga dynasty claimed their descent from the Ikshvaku dynasty. They ruled from Kuvalala, Talakadu, and Manyapura (today’s Manne in Nelamangala, Bangalore Rural district).
• The Gangawadi kingdom which began with the rule of Dadiga (also known as Kongunivarma), was ruled by 27 kings.
• Gommateshwara (Bahubali) of Sravanabelagola is a symbol of a life of renunciation. The Statue of Gommateshwara was installed by Chavundaraya, the minister of Rachamalla IV.
• Madhava II wrote a commentary on Dattaka Sutra. Durvinita wrote the Sanskrit word ‘Shabdavatara’ and translated Gunadhya’s ‘Vaddakathe’ into Sanskrit. Sree Purusha wrote ‘Gajashastra’ and Shivamadhava wrote‘Gajashtaka’, a Kannada work.

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South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Exercises

South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Complete the following sentences.

1. Simukha made Srikakulam his capital.
2. The literary work written by Hala is Gathasaptashati.
3. The first inscription in Kannada is the Halmidi inscription
4. Banavasi, the capital of the Kadambas, is in today’s North Canara district.
5. The prominent king among the Gangas was Durvinita
6. The literary work written by Chavundaraya is Chavunda Purana.

South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Answer in brief.

Question 1. Who was the last king of the Shatavahanas? How did their dynasty become weak?
Answer: Yajnashri Shatakarni the last king of the Shatavahanas. On account of continual attacks by the Shakas, the empire stood devastated.

Class 8 History South India (3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) KSEEB Notes 

Question 2. Write about the art of the Shatavahanas.
Answer: The Ajanta and the Amaravati paintings were created during the period of the Shatavahanas. Temples, viharas, and chaityalayas were also constructed. A satyagraha was built in Karle by the Banavasi merchant Bhootapala.

Question 3. What were the values which influenced the Ganga society?
Answer: Social values like honesty, loyalty, bravery, and patience were prominent among the people.

Question 4. Name four literary works of the period of the Gangas.
Answer: Madhava II wrote a commentary on Dattaka Sutra. Durvinita wrote the Sanskrit word ‘Shabdavatara’, and translated Gunadhya’s ‘Vaddakathe’ into Sanskrit.Sree Purusha wrote ‘Gajashastra’ Shivamadhava wrote ‘Gajashtaka’, a Kannada work.Poet Hemasena wrote ‘Raghava Pandaviya’,Vadibasimha wrote ‘Gadya Chintamani’ and ‘Shatra Chudamani’,Nemichandra wrote ‘Dravyasara Samgraha’ Chavundaraya wrote ‘Chavunda Purana’,

South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1.The mountains that separate North and South India is

1. Vindhya
2. Cardamom
3. Rajamahal
4. Aravallis

Answer: 1. Vindhya

Question 2. The first dynasty which was established in the Deccan was the

1. Gangas
2. Shathavahanas
3. Kadambas
4. Chalukyas

Answer: 2. Shathavahanas

Question 3. Shalivahana Saka is supposed to have been inaugurated by

1. Mayurasharma
2. Shivaskanda Varma
3. Mayura Varma
4. Gautami Puthra Shatakami

Answer: 4. Gautami Puthra Shatakarni

Question 4. The first dynasty to be established in Karnataka was

1. Shathavahanas
2. Gangas
3. Kadambas
4. Chalukyas

Answer: 3. Kadambas

KSEEB History Chapter 9 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 5. Banavasi was the capital of

1. Shathavahanas
2. Gangas
3. Kadambas
4. Chalukyas

Answer: 3. Kadambas

Question 6. The founder of the Kadamba dynasty was

1. Mayurasharma
2. Shivaskanda Varma
3. Mayura Varma
4. Gautami Puthra Shatakarni

Answer: 1. Mayurasharma

Question 7. The ancient Halmidi inscription is in

1. Prakrit language
2. Sanskrit language
3. Kannada language
4. Tamil language

Answer: 3. Kannada language

Question 8. The Malavalli inscription is in

1. Prakrit language
2. Sanskrit language
3. Kannada language
4. Tamil language

Answer: 1. Prakrit language

Question 9. The first Sanskrit inscription to be found in Karnataka is the

1. Talagunda inscription
2. Halmidi inscription
3. Malavalli inscription
4. Aloe Inscription

Answer: 1. Talagunda inscription

Question 10. Madhava II wrote a commentary on

1. Dattaka Sutra
2. Shabdavatara
3. Vaddakathe
4. Gajashastra

Answer: 1. Dattaka Sutra

Class 8 History Chapter 9 Guide On South India KSEEB 

Complete the following sentences with suitable:

1. The capital of the Shathavahanas was Srikakulam
2. The literary work of Hala was Gathasaptashati.
3. Karle Chaityagraha was built by Bhootapala.
4. Dadiga was also known as Kongunivarma.
5. ‘Vaddakatha’ of Gunadya was translated into Sanskrit by Durvinita

1. Match the following words in column ‘A’ with their descriptions in column ‘B’
   A                                    B
Durvinita                   Gajashtaka
Gunadhya                  Shabdavatara
SreePurusha              Vaddakathe
Shivamadhava           Raghava Pandaviya
Hemasena                 Gajashastra

Answer: 
Durvinita           –     Shabdavatara
Gunadhya          –      Vaddakathe
SreePurusha      –     Gajashastra
Shivamadhava   –     Gajashtaka
Hemasena         –     Raghava Pandaviya

South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Answer the following questions in two sentences each:

Question 1. What is the extension of South India?
Answer: The Vindhya Mountains separate North and South India. The area between the Vindhya mountains and Kanyakumari in the south is called South India or the Deccan region.

Question 2.Name of dynasties that ruled South India.
Answer: The Shatavahanas, Kadambas, Gangas, Chalukyas, Rashtrakutas, and Pallavas have been the important dynasties of this region.

Question 3. Which were the titles assumed by Gautami Puthra Shatakarni?
Answer: Gautami Puthra Shatakarni had Fides such as ‘Trisamudratoyapitavahana’ and ‘Shatavahan Kulayashapratishtapanakara’

Solutions For South India (3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) KSEEB Class 8 History 

Question 4. Which are the important trading centers of the Shatavahanas?
Answer: Nasik, Kalyan, Broach, and Bhatkal were trade centers.

Question 5. How was the education system of the Kadambas?
Answer: Educational centers like agraharas, brahmapuris, and ghatikas were established. The main agraharas of that time were found in Talagunda and Balligave. The agraharas were like residential schools.

South India(From 3rd Century B.C.E. To 13th Century C.E) Answer the following questions in four to six sentences each:

Question 1. What were the achievements of Gautami Puthra Shatakarni?
Answer: Gautami Puthra Shatakarni was a prominent king of the Shatavahanas dynasty. He had done away with the bitter enemies of the kingdom, the Sakas, beyond the borders of India. Shalivahana Saka is supposed to have been inaugurated by him. He expanded his kingdom to include not only Konkan, Briar, Saurashtra, and Malawi, but also many new areas. He had titles such as ‘Trisamudratoyapitavahana’ and ‘Shatavahana Kulayashapratishtapanakara’.

Question 2. How were the administrative arrangements of Shatavahanas?
Answer: The king was supreme. The kingdom had been divided into provinces called Janapada for the purpose of administration and officers had been appointed to look after them. The cities and villages were looked after by self-governing institutions.

KSEEB Class 8 South India History Study Materials 

Question 3. How was the society of the Shatavahanas organized?
Answer: There was no discrimination on the basis of varna in society. Even women held high offices and had high status in society. There were people of different occupations like farmers, merchants, goldsmiths, fishermen, carpenters, weavers, medicine men, etc. There were occupational associations.

Question 4. Write about the art of the Shatavahanas.
Answer: The Ajanta and the Amaravati paintings were created during the period of the Shatavahanas.Temples, viharas, and chaityalayas were also constructed. A satyagraha was built in Karle by the Banavasi merchant Bhootapala.

Question 5. Explain the administrative arrangements of the Kadambas.
Answer: Royal priests, ministers, and military gene also played a significant role in the administration. For administrative ease, provincial officers had been appointed to look after the provinces.

Question 6. What are the achievements of Durvinita?
Answer: Durvinita was a famous king of the Ganga dynasty. He was a brave warrior and scholar. He ruled for a long period and gained control of Punnata in order to strengthen his Kingdom. The Nallala copper inscription reveals that he constructed many lakes for the purposes of irrigation. He was a lover of Literature and wrote creative works in Sanskrit and Kannada. He even translated the Prakrit work ‘Vaddakatha’ of Gunadya into Sanskrit.

Question 7. Explain the contribution of the Gangas to the field of administration.
Answer: The king had a council of ministers to help him. The ministers supervised different branches of administration. The administration in the villages was very systematic. The village committee looked after land revenue, justice, sanitation, and defense. Agriculture was the main occupation. There were other occupations like weaving and blacksmithy. They had trade relations with other countries.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 Sociology Chapter 4 Types Of Society Points To Remember

Sociology is a science devoted to the study of human society scientifically. Human beings and society are the two faces of the same coin. In Society, many aspects like jobs, lifestyle, culture, thoughts, and rituals differ from one geographical area to another.

If one enters a rural area, numerous cattle, sheep and other domestic animals are visible. A visit to cities like Mumbai and Bengaluru reveals high-rise buildings, crowded human beings, more number vehicles, slums and industries. The word Society originates from the Greek word ‘Socius’ which means companionship or friendship.
The structure that grows out of these interacting people can be called a society.

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“The web of social relationships in society. The complex relationship of social institutions and social groups is Society.” – Maclver and Page Grouping of people is called a community. Society is formed by grouping many communities.Every society has a family, neighbourhood, rural and urban settings, political parties and other communities. Hence, H.M. Johnson says “Communities community is society.”

The following are the types of societies:

1. Hunting and Gathering society.
2. Pastoral Society.
3. Agricultural Society/ Rural Society.
4. Urban Society.
5. Industrial Society.
6. Information Society.

Hunting and Gathering society is the first stage of human evolution.

The process of engaging in animal husbandry of cattle like sheep, goats, cows, and buffalo for general sustenance is called pastoral society.
Anthropologists had opined that only pastoral societies as the nomadic society in the beginning. According to encyclopaedia Britannica, Nomadic life is a type of life.
India is called a land of villages and agriculture. In the ancient literature of India, there are references to villages and their administration. In Rig-Veda, the head of the village is called ‘Gramastha’.

A group of villages was called ‘visa’, Jana’, or ‘Desha’ for administrative purposes.
In Mahabharata, the head of the village is called a ‘gaming’. The chief of a group of villages is called a ‘Dashamuki’, ‘Shatamuki’, or ‘Adhipathi’. Bogardus opines that “The human civilisation evolved in the cradle of Villages’. Though the village is an ancient system, it is not easy to define it. Bogardus says, “Village is a group of families engaged in the simple life of thrift with less population density, and have primary relationships.”

Class 8 Sociology Types of Society KSEEB Notes 

As per S.C. Dube, “A group of families residing in a place is called a village’. In this society, socialisation and social control function efficiently. In Karnataka, the neighbourhood is identified as ‘Keri’ or ‘Oni’. In Maharashtra, it is called a ‘wad’. The jamjar system was the basic nature of the Socioeconomic life of rural society. Zamindar is a Persian word. It means one who has landed. The system Zamindar has its root in the rule of Delhi Sultans.

The titles owned by Rajasthan ‘Roy’ and ‘Rana’ indicated land ownership.

In order to prevent the exploitation of farmers governments brought in “Tenancy Prevention’ acts. This move is called ‘Land Reforms’. A maximum land ceiling limit is put under this act. Urban societies are called ideal societies. They are very complex in their structures. Urban societies have dense populations involved in varieties of jobs and works. The information society helps to attain education, and do commerce and business needed for the future. The studies and theories on information societies focus on two issues related to the hold of knowledge on the economy.

Types Of Society Exercises

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The hunting societies use stone tools for hunting.
2. Plough is used to till the land in an agricultural society.
3. The distribution of skilled work is called a Division of Labour.
4. In industrial societies, there is an increase in transport and Communication
5. Mechanised production takes place in Industrial society.

Types Of Society Answer the following:

Question 1. What are the different types of Societies?
Answer:
The following are the types of societies:

1. Hunting and Gathering society.
2. Pastoral Society.
3. Agricultural Society/ Rural Society.
4. Urban Society.
5. Industrial Society.
6. Information Society.

Question 2. What is a pastoral society?
Answer: The process of engaging in animal husbandry of cattle like sheep, goats, cows, and buffalo for general sustenance is called pastoral society.

Question 3. How does agriculture gain importance in society?
Answer: With the invention of ‘plough’ during 3000 BC, the agricultural revolution started. Villages are the lifeline of this country. There are about six lakh villages in India and they have retained the Indian culture and tradition intact. The majority of the people live in rural India. in rural areas, 59% of men and 75% of women are engaged in agriculture directly for their sustenance.

KSEEB Class 8 Sociology Chapter 4 Questions And Answers 

Question 4. What is an industrial society?
Answer: Utilising scientific production ways and searching for energy sources is called Industrial society.

Question 5. The information society is growing fast. Prove.
Answer: People take help from information technologies to solve their problems and challenges. The information society helps to attain education, and do commerce and business needed for the future.

Types Of Society Answer The Following In Four-Five Lines:

Question 1. Explain the features of hunting and gathering societies.
Answer:

Hunting and Gathering society is the first stage of human evolution.

It is a simple and ancient society.

It is very small in size.

People engaged in fishing, hunting and

The role and status in society were fixed based on age and sex.

There was no desire for the accumulation of wealth.

Sharing the sources is an important trait.

Hunting was done using stone tools.

Question 2. Explain the features of pastoral societies.
Answer:

Pastoral Society is the second stage in the evolution of human societies.

People engaged in animal husbandry.

These consisted of several thousand people.

Cattle herding was the main occupation.

Society was under the leadership of a single leader.

The members were engaged in fishing, hunting and food gathering works.

Question 3. Explain the relationship between land and agriculture.
Answer:

Jajmani System: Jajmani and the caste system were working together once. The serving class provided services related to agriculture and agriculture-related works. And this class received provisions in return for its service.

Zamindari System: Zamindar is a Persian word. It means one who has landed. The system Zamindar has its root in the rule of Delhi Sultans. During the fourteenth century, the word Zamindar indicated the head of a region. The titles owned by Rajasthan ‘Roy’ and ‘Rana’ indicated land ownership. Any person who has the hereditary rights to have a share in the farmer’s corps’ was officially called a ‘Zamindar’. By the seventeenth century, the word Zamindari became prominent.

Ryotwari System: The British government undertook new ways of taxing the farmers in India. When the British government moved to tax farmers, Zamindars started harassing them more. In order to save farmers from this exploitation the court of directors introduced Ryotwari System.

Mahalwari System: When the Zamindari system and Ryotwari system failed to yield desired results, the British thought of another system name the Mahalwari system. Under this system, based on the yield of the estate or Mahal, a tax was fixed on the owners of such Mahal. A few among the Mahal owners were selected and given the roles of supervising and collecting taxes.

Types Of Society KSEEB Class 8 Textbook Solutions 

Tenancy System: Permanent tenants command little ownership over the land they are tilling, whereas temporary tenants have no claim over the land they are tilling. The landlords always had the right to take away land from the temporary tenants and hand it over to others as per their wish. In order to prevent this exploitation, governments brought in ‘Tenancy Prevention’acts.

Question 4. List out the features of industrial society.
Answer: Utilising scientific production ways and searching for energy sources is the feature of this society. The production depends on the automatic technology

The production is in large quantity

This depends on the division of labour.

The production process became mechanised.

Question 5. Write a note to the Information Society.
Answer:

People take help from information technologies to solve their problems and challenges.

The information society helps to attain education, and do commerce and business needed for the future.

The studies and theories on information societies focus on two issues related to the hold of knowledge on the economy

The first issue is the influence of information technology on socio-economical life.

It is no more the property of any individual or an institution.

Knowledge is getting exchanged over new tools.

Computers have become the information.

Types Of Society Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The word Society originates from the

1. Greek
2. Latin
3. English
4. French

Answer: 1. Greek

Question 2. The word Society originates from the Greek word ‘Socius’ which means

1. Neighbourhood
2. Friendship
3. Social relationship
4. Village community

Answer: 2. Friendship

Question 3. Grouping of people is called as

1. Friends
2. Society
3. Community
4. Family

Answer: 3. Community

Question 4.“Communities community is society.” This is stated by

1. Maclver
2. Page
3. H.M.Johnson
4. August Comte

Answer: 3.H.M.Johnson

KSEEB Sociology Chapter 4 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 5. Maclver and Page defined society as a

1. Group of social relationships
2. Web of social relationships
3. Family of social relationships
4. Village of social relationships

Answer: 2. Web of social relationships

Question 6. The first stage of human evolution is

1. Nomadic Society
2. Semi-nomadic Society
3. Pastoral Society
4. Hunting and Gathering Society

Answer: 4. Hunting and Gathering Society

Question 7. In Mahabharata, the head of the village is called as

1. Pramukh
2. Gramastha
3. Mukhya
4. Gramini

Answer: 4. Gramini

Question 8.“Village is a group of families engaged in the simple life of thrift with less population density, and have primary relationships.” It is stated by

1. GS Ghurye
2. Max Weber
3. Bogardus
4. S.C.Dube

Answer: 3. Bogardus

Question 9.“A group of families residing in a place is called a village” is stated by

1. GS Ghurye
2. Max Weber
3. Bogardus
4. S.C.Dube

Answer: 4. S.C.Dube

Question 10. The majority of the Indians live in villages as rightly noted by

1. GS Ghurye
2. Max Weber
3. Bogardus
4. S.C.Dube

Answer: 2. Max Weber

Types Of Society Fill in The Blanks With Suitable Words:

1. The word Society originates from the Greek word Socius
2. Getting together people to work towards a common goal is called Cooperation
3. Sharing tasks among a group of people is called the Division of labour
4. The second stage in the evolution of human societies is the Pastoral Society
5. A group of villages called visa
6. In Karnataka, the neighbourhood is identified as Keri or Oni
7. In Maharashtra, the neighbourhood is called a wad.
8. In Rig-Veda, the head of the village is called Gramastha.

Types Of Society Answer the following questions in a sentence each:

Question 1. What is a society?
Answer: The word Society originates from the Greek word ‘Socius’ which means companionship or friendship. The structure that grows out of these interacting people can be called a society.

Question 2. What is a society according to Maclver and Page?
Answer: “The web of social relationships in society. The complex relationship of social institutions and social groups is Society.” — Maclver and Page

Question 3. How are the Societies divided?
Answer: Societies are divided based on the nature of jobs and work.

Class 8 Sociology Chapter 4 Guide On Types Of Society KSEEB 

Question 4. What is the opinion of Bogarodus regarding the village?
Answer: Bogarodus opines that human civilisation evolved in the cradle of Villages. Bogardus says, “Village is a group of families engaged in the simple life of thrift with less population density, and have primary relationships.”

Types Of Society Answer The Following Questions In Four To Five Sentences Each:

Question 1. Explain the importance of Social.
Answer:
Universal
Necessary for protection and nourishment
Society plays a major role in personality formation
Reinforces life

Question 2. Why society is considered universal?
Answer: Human life and society go hand in hand. Human life is made possible by society. Society was there before the birth of an individual and remains even after his death. Hence society is universal

Question 3. Differentiate between Hunting and Gathering society and Pastoral society.
Answer:
Hunting and Gathering society:

Hunting and Gathering society is the first stage of human evolution.
It is a simple and ancient society.
It is very small in size.
People engaged in fishing, hunting and gathering.
The role and status in society were fixed based on age and sex.
There was no desire for the accumulation of wealth.
Sharing the sources is an important trait.
Hunting was done using stone tools. Pastoral society
Pastoral Society is the second stage in the evolution of human societies.
People engaged in animal husbandry.
These consisted of several thousand people.
Cattle herding was the main occupation.
Society was under the leadership of a single leader.
The members were engaged in fishing, hunting and food gathering works.

Question 4. Differentiate between Jajmani System and Zamindari System.
Answer:

Jajmani System: Jajmani and the caste system were working together once. The serving class provided services related to agriculture and agriculture-related works. And this class received provisions in return for its service.

Zamindari System: Zamindar is a Persian word. It means one who has landed. The system Zamindar has its root in the rule of Delhi Sultans. During the fourteenth century, the word Zamindar indicated the head of a region. The titles owned by Rajasthan ‘Roy’ and ‘Rana’ indicated land ownership. Any person who has the hereditary rights to have a share in the farmer’s corps’ was officially called a ‘Zamindar’. By the seventeenth century, the word Zamindari became prominent.

KSEEB Class 8 Types Of Society Study Materials 

Question 5. Differentiate between Ryotwari System and Mahalwari System.
Answer:

Ryotwari System: The British government undertook new ways of taxing the farmers of India. When the British government moved to tax farmers, Zamindars started harassing them more. In order to save farmers from this exploitation the court of directors introduced Ryotwari System

Mahalwari System: When the Zamindari system and Ryotwari system failed to yield desired results, the British thought of another system name the Mahalwari system. Under this system, based on the yield of the estate or Mahal, the tax was fixed on the owners of the Mahal. A few among the Mahal owners were selected and given the roles of supervising and collecting taxes.

Question 6. What are the features of urban societies?
Answer:

Industry Based Economy
Professional works
Transport and communication
Increase in migration

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Atmosphere Points To Remember

The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases, dust particles, and water vapor surrounding the Earth. The atmosphere traps heat and makes Earth a planet for all living organisms. The atmosphere is a mixture of different gases, dust particles, and water vapor. The atmosphere may be divided into five important layers on the basis of its characteristic features. These are Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere (Ionosphere), and Exosphere. The troposphere has all the atmospheric elements such as temperature, pressure, winds, clouds, rainfall, etc.

Temperature and pressure decrease with the increase in altitude.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

The stratosphere is the second layer of the atmosphere. Ozone is the most important gas which absorbs the ultraviolet rays of the sun and protects all forms of life on Earth.

The stratosphere is free from clouds and other important weather phenomena and provides ideal flying conditions for jet aircraft.

The mesosphere is the third layer in the Earth’s atmosphere. This layer has the coldest temperature in the atmosphere.

The thermosphere layer lies next to Mesosphere. In this layer, the temperature rises drastically. It is also called the ‘Ionosphere’ as the gaseous atoms are ionized due to very high temperatures. The ions found in this layer help in reflecting radio waves.

The exosphere is the topmost layer of the atmosphere. In this layer elements of the atmosphere are rare and pressure is extremely low.

The weather condition of a place is influenced by various elements such as temperature, pressure, wind, humidity, clouds, rainfall, etc.

The atmospheric condition of a place at a given time is called ‘Weather’. In contrast, the average weather condition of an area over a long period of time is called ‘Climate’.

Insolation means incoming solar radiation from the sun to the Earth. Temperature is recorded by an instrument called a ‘thermometer’. Centigrade and Fahrenheit are important thermometers used to measure atmospheric temperature.

The normal lapse rate is the decreasing rate of temperature with the increase of altitude. The rate of decrease is 10 C for every 165 meters or 6.40 C for every 1000 meters of height (1 km).

The wind is the horizontal movement of the air on the surface of the Earth.

The direction of the wind is shown by an instrument called a ‘wind vane’ or ‘weather cock’. ‘Anemometer’ is used to measure the speed of the wind.

Winds are classified into 4 major types. They are; Planetary winds, Seasonal winds, Local winds, Cyclones, and Anticyclones.

Polar winds are also called Easterlies. These winds blow from polar high-pressure belts to subpolar low-pressure belts.

Seasonal winds are also called periodic winds. These winds change their direction periodically or seasonally.

Periodic winds are the result of variations in local temperature, pressure, and humidity which in turn are attributed to the formation of air currents, crossing mountain ranges, valleys, and other relief barriers.

Class 8 Geography Atmosphere KSEEB Notes 

The important periodic and local winds are Land breeze, Sea breeze, Mountain breeze (Katabatic winds), Valley breeze (Anabatic winds) and other few winds are Loo (India), Chinook or Snow eater (USA), Fohn (Alps region), Mistral (France), Sirocco (Sahara region), Brick Fielder (Australia), Blizzard (Antarctica), etc.

Climate is the average condition of the atmosphere over a long period of time in a larger area Example:- Equatorial climate, Tropical monsoon climate, Desert climate, Mediterranean climate, Tundra climate, etc. The scientific study of climate is called ‘Climatology’.

The factors that influence the climate of a place or region are Latitude, altitude, winds, distance from the sea, distribution of land and water bodies, ocean currents, etc.

Atmosphere Exercises

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The two major gases of the atmosphere are Nitrogen and Oxygen.
2. The lowest layer of the atmosphere is Troposphere.
3. The average air pressure of the atmosphere at sea level is 1013.25 MB.
4. Westerlies is also known as Anti-trade Winds
5. The scientific study of weather is ‘Meteorology’

Answer the following questions:

Question 1. What is the atmosphere?
Answer: The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases, dust particles, and water vapor surrounding the Earth.

Question 2. Name the important layers of the atmosphere.
Answer: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere (Ionosphere), and Exosphere are the important layers of the atmosphere.

Question 3. What is the significance of the ozone layer?
Answer: Ozone is the most important gas which absorbs ‘ultraviolet rays’ of the sun and protects all forms of life on the Earth.

Question 4. What is Doldrum? Where is it found?
Answer: Equatorial low-pressure belt is a calm region with very little wind. So it is known as ‘Doldrum’ means ‘belt of calm’ (equatorial calm). It is found in the Equatorial low-pressure belt.

Question 5. Name the different types of planetary winds.
Answer: Trade winds, Anti-trade winds, and Polar winds are three types of planetary winds.

Question 6. What are local winds? Give any two examples.
Answer: Periodic winds are the result of variations in local temperature, pressure, and humidity which in turn are attributed to the formation of air currents, crossing mountain ranges, valleys, and other relief barriers. Examples: Land breeze, Seabreeze, Mountain breeze

Question 7. Mention the different types of clouds.
Answer: The important types of clouds are the Stratus, the Cumulus, the Cirrus, and the Nimbus clouds.

KSEEB Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Questions And Answers 

Question 8. Distinguish between weather and climate.
Answer: The atmospheric conditions of a smaller area at a particular time are called weather. For example cloudy, sunny, fine weather, etc. The scientific study of weather is called ‘Meteorology’. Climate is the average condition of the atmosphere over a long period of time in a larger area Example:- Equatorial climate, Tropical monsoon climate, Desert climate, Mediterranean climate, Tundra climate, etc. The scientific study of climate is called ‘Climatology’.

Atmosphere Define the following:

1. Ionosphere: Thermosphere is also called the ‘Ionosphere’ as the gaseous atoms are ionized due to very high temperatures.
2. Normal lapse rate: Normal lapse rate is the decreasing rate of temperature with the increase of altitude. The rate of decrease is 1 C for every 165 meters or 6.4 C for every 1000 meters of height (1 km).
3. Torrid zone: Torrid zone is found between 0 or the Equator and Tropic of Cancer in the north (2314 N) and the Equator and Tropic of Capricorn (2314° S) in the south.
4. Horse latitudes: North sub-tropical high-pressure belt is found between 30 and 35 north latitudes. This region is also popularly called ‘Horse latitudes’.
5. Orographic rainfall: The rainfall which occurs in mountain areas is called Orographic rainfall also called ‘Mountainrainfall’ or ‘Reliefrainfall’.
6. Climatology: The scientific study of climate is called ‘Climatology’.

Atmosphere Terms to remember:

1. Insolation: Insolation means incoming solar radiation from the sun to the Earth.
2. Inversion of temperature: In some situations, temperature also increases with increasing height. This takes place in mountain valleys during long winter nights with the dear sky, dry air, no wind, and snow-covered surface.
3. Anemometer: ‘Anemometer’ is used to measure the speed of the wind.
4. Roaring forties: The westerlies of the southern hemisphere are very strong over the oceans. Hence they are called ‘Roaring forties’ (40 south latitude)
5. Nimbus: Nimbus clouds are rain clouds that occur at low levels.
6. Meteorology: The scientific study of weather is called ‘Meteorology’.

Atmosphere Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The lowest layer of the atmosphere is

1. Troposphere
2. Stratosphere
3. Mesosphere
4. Thermosphere

Answer: 1. Troposphere

Question 2. All weather changes occur in the

1. Stratosphere
2. Mesosphere
3. Thermosphere
4. Tropo sphere

Answer: 4. Troposphere

Question 3. The ozone layer is present in

1. Stratosphere
2. Mesosphere
3. Thermosphere
4. Tropo sphere

Answer: 1. Stratosphere

Question 4. The layer which provides ideal flying conditions for jet aircraft is

1. Troposphere
2. Mesosphere
3. Exosphere
4. Stratosphere

Answer: 4. Stratosphere

Question 5. The coldest temperature is found in

1. Troposphere
2. Mesosphere
3. Exosphere
4. Stratosphere

Answer: 2. Mesosphere

Question 6. The layer which is also called ‘Ionosphere’ is

1. Troposphere
2. Mesosphere
3. Thermosphere
4. Stratosphere

Answer: 3. Thermosphere

KSEEB Geography Chapter 3 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 7. The topmost layer of the atmosphere is

1. Troposphere
2. Mesosphere
3. Exosphere
4. Stratosphere

Answer: 3. Exosphere

Question 8. The rate of decrease is lo C for every

1. 165 meters
2. 167 meters
3. 169 meters
4. 170 meters

Answer: 1. 165 meters

Question 9. The zone of high temperature is

1. Temperate zone
2. Torrid zone
3. Frigid zone
4. Isotherms Zone

Answer: 2. Torrid zone

Question 10. The region where the temperature is neither very hot nor cold is

1. Temperate zone
2. Torrid zone
3. Frigid zone
4. Isotherms Zone

Answer: 1. Temperate zone

Question 11. The place which has been recorded the highest temperature in summer in India is

1. A1 Aziziya
2. Verkhoyansk
3. Ganganagar
4. Vostok

Answer: 3. Ganganagar

Question 12. The coldest place on the Earth is

1. A1 Aziziya of Libya
2. Verkhoyansk of Siberia
3. Ganganagar of Rajasthan
4. Vostok of Antarctica

Answer: 4. Vostok of Antarctica

Question 13. The clouds which are associated with fair weather are

1. Stratus clouds
2. Cumulus clouds
3. Cirrus clouds
4. Nimbus clouds

Answer: 1. Stratus clouds

Question 14. The clouds which are popularly called ‘wool packs’ are

1. Stratus clouds
2. Cumulus clouds
3. Cirrus clouds
4. Nimbus clouds

Answer: 2. Cumulus clouds

Question 15. The rain-bearing clouds are

1. Stratus clouds
2. Cumulus clouds
3. Cirrus clouds
4. White clouds

Answer: 2. Cumulus clouds

Question 16. The highest clouds in the atmosphere are

1. Stratus clouds
2. Cumulus clouds
3. Cirrus clouds
4. Nimbus clouds

Answer: 3. Cirrus clouds

Question 17. The clouds which resemble ‘curls of hair’ are

1. Stratus clouds
2. Cumulus clouds
3. Cirrus clouds
4. Nimbus clouds

Answer: 3. Cirrus clouds

Class 8 Geography Chapter 3 Guide On Atmosphere KSEEB 

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Air pressure is measured by an instrument called a Barometer
2. Temperature is recorded by an instrument called a thermometer
3. The unit used to show the pressure is millibar (Mb)
4. The direction of the wind is shown by an instrument called ‘weather cock’.
5. The instrument which is used to measure the speed of the wind is an ‘Anemometer’
6. Humidity is measured by using an instrument called a Hygrometer or Psychrometer.
7. The dark grey or black clouds are Nimbus

Atmosphere Match The Following:

1. Match the following words in column A with their descriptions in column ‘B’
        A                                                  B
Mawsynram                      The driest region on the Earth
Agumbe                            The least rainfall region in India
Royal                                 The driest place in Karnataka
Nayakanahatti                  The highest rainfall region in the
                                                world
Atacama                            The highest rainfall region in
                                              Karnataka

Answer:
A                                                B
Mawsynram                   the highest rainfall region in the world
Agumbe                         the highest rainfall region in Karnataka
Royal                              the least rainfall region in India
Nayakanahatti                the driest place in Karnataka
Atacama                         the driest region on the Earth

2. Match the following words in column A with their descriptions in column ‘B’
   A                                   B
Loo                              France
Chinook                      Alps region
Fohn                            Sahara region
Mistral                          India
Sirocco                          USA

Answer:
A                                      B
Loo                             India
Chinook                      USA
Fohn                           Alps region
Mistral                        France
Sirocco                       Sahara region

3. Match the following words in column A with their descriptions in column ‘B’
    A                                                B
Japan                                      Whirlpool
Mexico                                    Typhoon
Australia                                  Cyclone
India                                        Hurricane
Russia                                      Willy willes
Answer:
A                                           B
Japan                               Typhoon
Mexico                             Hurricane
Australia                           Willy willes
India                                  Cyclone
Russia                               Whirlpool

Atmosphere Answer the following questions in a sentence:

Question 1. What are Isotherms?
Answer: Isotherms are lines drawn on the map or globe connecting places having the same temperature.

Question 2. Why does the temperature decrease in Frigid Zone?
Answer: The temperature in this zone is very low due to the slanting rays of the sun. In summer the temperature is slightly high and in winter the temperature is low.

Question 3. What is atmospheric pressure?
Answer: Air has weight and it exerts pressure. This is called atmospheric pressure.

Question 4.The regions which have high-temperature record low pressure. Why?
Answer: The regions which have high-temperature record low pressure due to the expansion of air, while the regions of low temperature have high pressure due to the contraction of air.

Solutions For Atmosphere KSEEB Class 8 Geography 

Question 5. What are isobars?
Answer: Isobars are imaginary lines drawn on the map or globe connecting places having the same pressure.

Question 6. What is wind?
Answer: Wind is the horizontal movement of the air on the surface of the Earth.

Question 7. What is Cloud?
Answer: Cloud is a mass of small water drops or ice crystals, formed by the condensation of the water in the atmosphere, usually at a considerable height above the Earth’s surface.

Question 8. How are the Clouds classified?
Answer: Clouds are classified on the basis of their shapes and heights at which they occur.

Question 9. What is Humidity?
Answer: Humidity is the amount of water vapor or moisture present in the air.

Question 10. What is Absolute humidity?
Answer: Absolute humidity refers to the total amount of water vapor present in a given volume of air.

Question 11. What is Relative humidity?
Answer: Relative humidity is the ratio between the actual amount of water vapor present in the air and the amount of water vapor the air can hold at that temperature.

Question 12. What is Specific humidity?
Answer: Specific humidity is the actual amount of water vapor present in a given mass of air.

Question 13. What is Rainfall?
Answer: Precipitation in the form of water droplets is called rainfall.

Question 14. What is called ‘afternoon rain’?
Answer: In the equatorial region, convectional rainfall is called ‘afternoon rain’, as it occurs mostly in the afternoon.

Question 15. What is the ‘rain shadow region’?
Answer: The windward side of the mountain receives more rainfall, while the leeward side receives less. The leeward side is generally called the ‘rain shadow region’.

Atmosphere Answer the following questions in four to five sentences each:

Question 1. Write the extension of Atmosphere.
Answer: The atmosphere is a thin layer of gases, dust particles, and water vapor surrounding the Earth. This layer of gases forms a protective boundary between outer space and the Earth’s surface. The thickness of the atmosphere is around 1000 km.

Question 2. How does the Atmosphere support life?
Answer: The atmosphere is very important for all forms of life on earth. Different gases in the atmosphere help plants, animals, and human beings. The atmosphere traps heat and makes Earth a planet for all living organisms.

Question 3. Write the composition of the atmosphere.
Answer: The atmosphere is a mixture of different gases, dust particles, and water vapor. The important gases in the atmosphere are Nitrogen – 78.08%, Oxygen- 20.94% and the remaining 1% consists of Argon – 0.93%, Carbon dioxide – 0.03%, Ozone – 0.000005%, etc. The atmosphere also contains dust particles which help us in the formation of water droplets. The water vapor in the atmosphere is the source of clouds and precipitation.

Question 4. Which are the five layers of the Atmosphere?
Answer: Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, Thermosphere (Ionosphere), and Exosphere are the five layers of the Atmosphere.

Question 5. Why is Troposphere called a Weather breeder?
Answer: Troposphere has all the atmospheric elements such as temperature, pressure, winds, clouds, rainfall, etc. All weather changes occur in the troposphere. Temperature and pressure decrease with the increase in altitude.

Question 6. Why is Thermosphere also called ‘Ionosphere’?
Answer: In the Thermosphere layer temperature rises drastically. It is also called the ‘Ionosphere’ as the gaseous atoms are ionized due to very high temperatures.

Question 7. Which are the important factors that influence atmospheric temperature?
Answer: The important factors that influence atmospheric temperature are latitude, altitude or height, distance from the sea, wind, ocean currents, relief, clouds, rainfall, etc.

Question 8. Name major pressure belts of the Earth.
Answer:
The major pressure belts of the Earth are:

1. The Equatorial low-pressure belt
2. North Sub- tropical high-pressure belt
3. South Sub-tropical high-pressure belt
4. North -Sub- Polar low-pressure belt
5. South Sub-polar low-pressure belt
6. North Polar high-pressure belt
7. South Polar High-pressure belt

Question 9. Why is the Equatorial low-pressure belt also called Inter- Tropical Convergence Zone?
Answer: Equatorial low-pressure belt is also called Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the trade winds converge.

Question 10. Name the different types of wind.
Answer: Winds are classified into 4 major types. They are; Planetary winds, Seasonal winds, Local winds, Cyclones, and Anticyclones.

Question 11. Name the three types of planetary winds.
Answer: Trade winds, Anti-trade winds, and Polar winds are three types of planetary winds.

KSEEB Class 8 Atmosphere Study Materials 

Question 12. Differentiate between Cyclonoes and AntiCyclones.
Answer:

A cyclone is a small low-pressure area in the center surrounded by high pressure. The winds blow spirally toward the low-pressure area

In the northern hemisphere, the direction of cyclonic winds is anti-clockwise or counterclockwise and in the southern hemisphere, it is clockwise.

An anti-cycling is a high-pressure area in the center with winds blowing outwards, towards the low-pressure areas.

In the northern hemisphere, the direction of the anti-cyclone wind is clockwise and in the southern hemisphere, it is anti-clockwise.

Question 13. Differentiate between Cumulus clouds and Nimbus clouds.
Answer:

Cumulus clouds are cauliflower-shaped clouds of great vertical extent. The base of cumulus clouds is nearly horizontal, while the top has a dome-shaped appearance. These are popularly called ‘wool packs’. Cumulus clouds are rain-bearing clouds.

Nimbus clouds are rain clouds that occur at low levels. These clouds have the shape of a stratus or cumulus. They are dark grey or black in appearance. They cause heavy rainfall or snowfall. The Nimbostratus are thick, heavy, rain-bearing clouds.

Question 14. Differentiate between Stratus clouds and Cirrus clouds.
Answer:

Stratus clouds are usually low clouds occurring at less than 2 km in height. They appear as thin sheets or layers of large extent. Stratus clouds are associated with fair weather.

Cirrus clouds are the highest clouds in the atmosphere. These clouds resemble curls of hair and have a feathery or fibrous appearance. They indicate fair weather and often give a brilliant sunset. They look like patches of cotton fibers floating in the air. Their popular name is ‘mare’s tail’ or ‘witch’s broom’.

Question 15. Name the different types of Humidity.
Answer: Absolute humidity, Relative humidity, and Specific humidity are the different types of Humidity.