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KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science History Chapter 4 Vijayanagara And Bahamani Kingdoms Points To Remember

The South Indian dynasties — the Yadavas of Devagiri, the Kakatiyas of Warangal, the Pandyas of Madurai, Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra(Halebeedu), the Cholas of Tanjore attacks were all victims of violent of Allauddin Khilji. Hukka and Bukka established Vijayanagara Empire on the banks of the Tungabhadra river in the year 1336 A.D. The famous kings of the Sangama dynasty (1336 —1486 A.D.) were Harihara I, Bukkaraya, Harihara II, and Praudhadevaraya. Harihara laid the foundation for the Vijayanagar Empire and developed a capital amidst hillocks. The Four Dynasties that ruled Vijayanagar are Sangama Saluva Tuluva and Araveedu dynasties.

• Bukka was successful in solving the religious war between the Jains and the Srivaishnavas, thereby upholding religious harmony.
• Bukkaraya sent an ambassador to the court of a Chinese king belonging to the Ming dynasty.
• Harihara Il expanded his kingdom from Goa to the north of the Konkan coast.
• Devaraya II (Praudhadevaraya) had earned the title of ‘Elephant Hunter’ and “Dakshinapathada Chakravarthi” (the Emperor of the South).
• Robert Sewell, Krishnadevaraya was an unparalleled warrior, shrewd commander, and political expert.
• Krishnadevaraya defeated the Prime Minister of the Bahamani kingdom, Kasim Barred, and freed the Bahamani prince he had imprisoned and coronated the prince on the Bahamani throne at Bidar and earned the title “Yavanarajya Pratisthapanacharya”.
• There were eight Telugu poets known as Ashtha Diggajas in Krishnadevaraya s court.
• In 1565 A.D. the united army of the four Deccan Sultans who were envious of the progress and prosperity of the Vijayanagara empire forgot their political differences and mounted an attack on Vijayanagar
• Thimmarasa was a great Prime Minister and the village was the last level of administration.
• The Gowda, Karnam, and Talwar used to assist in the village administration.
• Vijayanagar had a mighty army that consisted of three hierarchies of permanent troops, troops sent by vassal states, and troops of royal guards (this looked after the king’s security).
• Holi, Deepavali, and Dasara festivals were celebrated publicly. Dasara festival used to be celebrated with pomp and glory at Hampi under royal patronage.
• Professional tax, revenue tax, road tax, market tax, commercial tax, import and export taxes, and tributes from the vassals were the other forms of revenue to the kingdom.
• Bhatkal, Honnavara, and Mangaluru were the important ports of Vijayanagar, and foreign traders from Arab, China, and Portugal had trade relations with the Vijayanagar Empire.
• Various works were created in Kannada, Sanskrit, Telugu, and Tamil languages.
• Temples, palaces, forts, towers, huge halls(maha mandapa), public buildings, tanks, bunds, canals, and dams were constructed.
• Temples had huge towers (rayagopura), leaf-shaped arches, and platforms.
• The Vijaya Vitthala temple of Hampi is known for its magnificent architectural beauty. The saptaswara musical pillars, huge Kalyana Mantapas, and the Stone Chariot have enhanced the beauty of this temple.

• The ambassador of Persia Abdul Razak recorded that during the Dasara festival, kings from distant places and provincial leaders used to assemble as per the orders of the emperors.
• Alauddin Hasan Gangu Bahman Shah established the Bahamani kingdom in 1347 C.E.
• Mohammad Shah I, Mohammad Shah II, Feroz Shah, Usuf Adil Khan, Ibrahim Adil Shah I, and Ibrahim Adil Shah II were very famous.
• Mohammad Gawan learned Muslim religious verses and law at Kairo, and also gained proficiency in Arab and Parsi languages.
• Divisions of the Bahamani kingdom are Ahamad Nagar (Nijam Shahi), Vijayapura (Adil Shahi), Briar (Emad Shahi), Bidar(Barid Shahi), and Golkonda (Kuthub Shahi)
• Ibrahim Adil Shah II’s book ‘Kitab-E-Navaras’ begins with prayers to the Gods Ganesha, Saraswathi, and Narasimha.
• The Sultan’s cabinet was called Majlis-E-Ilwith. Kotwal, Deshmukh, and Desai were the administrators of the Parganas.
• Gold coins known as ‘hon nu’ and silver coins known as ‘lorry’ and ‘tanka’ were in circulation.
• In Muslim society, Sunni, Shia, Syed, Sheikh, and Pathan are the main groups.
• Mohammad Gawan established a madrasa (college) at Bidar to encourage the study of the Islamic religion and law.

Vijayanagara and Bahamani Kingdoms Class 9 History Notes 

Vijayanagara And Bahamani Kingdoms Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Vijayanagar Empire has established in the year 1336 AD.
2. The poetess who wrote Madhuravijaya is Gangadevi.
3. Praudhadevaraya’s minister was Lakkanna Dandesha
4. The king who wrote Amukta Malyada in Telugu was Krishna Devaraya
5. The minister who established famous a madrasa at Bidar was Mohammad Gawan
6. The king who wrote Kitab-E-Navarasa was Ibrahim Adil Shah I

Answer the following questions after discussing them in your group.

Question 1. Name the four dynasties which ruled Vijayanagar Empire.
Answer:
The four dynasties that ruled Vijayanagar Empire are:

• Sangama dynasty
• Saluva dynasty
• Tuluva dynasty
• Araveedu dynasty

Question 2. What were the achievements of Devaraya II?
Answer:
The achievements of Devaraya II are:

• Devaraya I had earned the title of “Elephant Hunter’ and “Dakshinapathada Chakravarthi”(the Emperor of the South)
• He defeated king Gajapati Kapilendra of Orissa and seized Kondaveedu.
• He defeated the Kerala ruler and received royalties from Kerala and Sri Lanka.
• He expanded Vijayanagar Empire extending from Sri Lanka to Gulbarga and Telangana to Malabar.
• He chased the traditional foe, Ahmed Shah of Bahamani, till Bijapur and occupied Mudgal and Bankura
• He expanded the kingdom up to the Krishna River in the northeast.
• His commander, Lakkanna Dandesha, took up a successful naval victory.
• The society was based on the four-tiered caste system.

Vijayanagara And Bahamani Kingdoms Class 9 Textbook Solutions

Question 3. What were the problems Krishnadevaraya had to face when he ascended the throne?
Answer: The problems Krishnadevaraya had to face when he ascended the throne were. The Europeans who had arrived through new sea routes were establishing colonies. The Moghuls of the north were trying to expand their Empire in the south. The five Shahi kingdoms of the Bahamani dynasty became powerful Sultanates and plunged into wars against Krishnadevaraya. The kings of Ummatthur and Orissa were a constant source of threat.

Question 4. What are the contributions of the Vijayanagar Empire to the economic system and society?
Answer:
1. Economic System:

• Land tax was the main source of revenue for the kingdom.
• Farmers used to give 4 of their income to the government in the form of tax.
• Professional tax, revenue tax, road tax, market tax, commercial tax, import and export taxes, and tributes from the vassals were the other forms of revenue to the kingdom.
• The Vijayanagar kings constructed wells, tanks, and canals to encourage irrigation and agriculture.
• There were five kinds of practices of land holdings like geni, gutting, siddhaya, vara, and Gadi.
• Spices like pepper, cloves, cardamom, salt Petre, iron ore, diamonds, granulated sugar, musk, sandal perfume, etc. were exported by them.
• There were important textile industries. Coins of different denominations like gold coins,gadyaana, pagoda, silver coins, and copper coins were in use.

2. Social system:

• The society was based on the four-tiered caste system.
• There was also an occupation-based caste system.
• There were many skilled artisans, blacksmiths, goldsmiths, bell-metal smiths, carpenters, weavers, and cobblers in the society.
• The practices of child marriage, sati, and devadasi systems were prevalent.
• Holi, Deepavali, and Dasara festivals were celebrated publicly.
• Dasara festival used to be. celebrated with pomp and glory at Hampi under royal patronage.

Question 5. Describe the art and architecture of the Vijayanagar period.
Answer: The excellent work done by Vijayanagar kings in the fields of art and architecture is memorable. Temples, palaces, forts, towers, huge halls(mahamantapa), public buildings, tanks, bunds, canals, and dams were constructed. The Vijayanagar kings continued the architectural style of Chalukyas, Cholas, and Hoysalas. The unique feature of their architecture was the construction of huge auditorium and marriage halls. Temples had huge towers (rayagopura), leaf-shaped arches, and platforms. Ornamentation, the qualities of grandeur, awe, and elegance were given importance. Rough granite stone (kanashile) was used for the construction of these structures.

Question 6. Who was Mohammad Gawan? What was his contribution to education?
Answer: Mohammad Gawan served as the Prime Minister during the rule of Bahamani kings Humayun, Nizam Shah, and Mohammad Shah IIT. Mohammad Gawan established a madrasa (college) at Bidar to encourage the study of the Islamic religion and law.

Class 9 Social Science Vijayanagara And Bahamani Kingdoms Answers 

Question 7. Describe the administration and taxation system during the rule of the Bahamani sultans.
Answer:
1. Administration System:

• There were three levels of administration namely Central, Provincial, and Village.
• There was revenue, judicial and military administration too.
• The Sultan was the chief of the central administration.
• The cabinet was called Majlis-E-Iwith.
• Top officials, commandants, ulemas, and admins were friends and relatives of the Sultan.
• Gawan converted the then-existing four provinces into eight units and these provinces were divided into fifteen Sarkars.
• The Subedar was the administrator in each of these Sarkars.
• Sarakars were divided into paraganas.Kotwal, Deshmukh and Desai were the administrators of the paraganas.
• The final unit of administration was the village having Patel, Kulkarni, and guards as staff.

2. Taxation System:

• The village units were independent units.
• Amir-E-Jumlas were the head of the revenue authorities.
• Land tax was the main source of income for the kingdom.
• 1/2 to 1/3 of the agricultural production was collected as land tax.
• There were 50 kinds of taxes including houses, mines, tobacco, grasslands, trade, and employment.
• The money earned by taxation was used for maintaining palaces, war, and bodyguards, construction, and maintenance of forts.

Question 8. Explain the education, art, and architecture of the Bahamani sultans.
Answer:
1. Education:

• The educational policy of the AdilShahis was to propagate Islamic culture.
• There were schools known as mastabas which were under the control of mosques.
• The students in the mastabas were taught the alphabet, religion, law, poetry, and rhetoric.
• The madrasas were centers of higher education.
• Mohammad Gawan who was a scholar himself, established a madrasa (college) at Bidar to encourage the study of the Islamic religion and law.
• The college was also a lodge for students, teachers, and orthodox people. Astronomy, grammar, mathematics, philosophy, and political science were studied in this college.

2. Art and architecture :

• The Sultans developed the Indo-Saracenic style of architecture.
• The Jamia mosque built by Ali Adil Shah I is a prominent monument even today.
• Ibrahim Roza, Gol Gumbaz, Gagan Mahal, and Asar Mahals are the important monuments of this time.
• These monuments have made the Adil Shahis world famous.
• The Gol Gumbaz at Vijayapura is one of the greatest structures in the world.

Class 9 Social Science Chapter 4 Vijayanagara and Bahamani Notes 

Vijayanagara And Bahamani Kingdoms Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the answer sheet provided:

Question 1. The Deccan Sultans united themselves because

1. Krishnadevaraya became a more powerful ruler
2. Of the progress and prosperity of the Vijayanagara Empire.
3. Of the frequent attacks of the Moghuls on the Deccan Sultans
4. Mysore, Keladi, and Chitradurga became independent

Answer: 2. Of the progress and prosperity of the Vijayanagara Empire

Question 2. The king who patronaged Ashtha Diggajas was

1. Krishnadevaraya
2. Devaraya II
3. Harihara
4. Bukka

Answer: 1. Krishnadevaraya

Question 3. The founder of the Bahamani kingdom was

1. Mohammad Shah I
2. Mohammad Shah II
3. Feroz Shah
4. Alauddin Hasan Gangu Baheman Shah

Answer: 4. Alauddin Hasan Gangu Bahman Shah

Vijayanagara And Bahamani Kingdoms Questions And Answers Class 9 

Question 4. The main aim of Mohammad’s madrasa at Bidar was

1. Providing administration
2. Spreading Islamic religion in India
3. Encouraging the study of the Islamic religion and law
4. Encouraging the study of the Hindu religion and law

Answer: 3. Encouraging study of the Islamic religion and law.

Question 5. Ibrahim Adil Shah II’s book ‘Kitab-E- Navaras’ is a living example for

1. Religious synthesis
2. Better administration
3. Best military system
4. Art and Architecture

Answer: 1. Religious synthesis

Question 6. Majlis-E-Ilwith was a

1. Gold coin
2. Cabinet
3. Monument
4. Masque

Answer: 2. Cabinet

Vijayanagara And Bahamani Kingdoms Answer the following questions

Question 1. Which were the South Indian kingdoms attacked by Malik Kafer?
Answer:
The South Indian dynasties which were victims of the violence of Allauddin Khilji are:

• The Yadavas of Devagiri
• The Kakatiyas of Warangal
• The Pandyas of Madurai
• Hoysalas of Dwarasamudra (Halebeedu)
• The Cholas of Tanjore

Question 2. Who established Vijayanagara Empire?
Answer: Hakka and Bukka established Vijayanagara Empire on the banks of the Tungabhadra River.

Question 3. When was Vijayanagara Empire established?
Answer: Vijayanagara Empire was established in the year 1336. A:D

Question 4. Who were the famous kings of the Sangama dynasty?
Answer: The famous kings of the Sangama dynasty were Harihara I, Bukkaraya, Harihara II, and Praudhadevaraya.

Question 5. Name the four dynasties that ruled Vijayanagar.
Answer:
The Four Dynasties that ruled Vijayanagar are:

• Sangama dynasty
• Saluva dynasty
• Tuluva dynasty
• Araveedu dynasty

Question 6. Which were the titles earned by DevarayaII?
Answer: Devaraya II (Praudhadevaraya) had earned the title of Elephant Hunter and Dakshinapathada Chakravarthi

Question 7. How did Robert Krishnadevaraya?
Answer: Robert Sewell described Krishnadevaraya that He was an unparalleled warrior, shrewd commander, and political expert.

Class 9 Vijayanagara and Bahamani Kingdoms Short Answers 

Question 8. Why was Krishnadevaraya called “Yavanarajya Pratisthapanacharya”?
Answer: Krishnadevaraya defeated the Prime Minister of the Bahamani kingdom, Kasim Barred, and freed the Bahamani prince he had imprisoned and coronated the prince on the Bahamani throne at Bidar and earned the title “Yavanarajya Pratisthapanacharya”.

Question 9. How was the army of Vijayanagara organized?
Answer: Vijayanagar had a mighty army that consisted of three hierarchies of permanent troops, troops sent by vassal states, and troops of royal guards.

Question 10. Which were the festivals celebrated in Vijayanagara?
Answer: Holi, Deepavali, and Dasara festivals were celebrated publicly. Dasara festival used to be celebrated with pomp and glory at Hampi under royal patronage.

Question 11. What were the sources of income for Vijayanagara?
Answer: Professional tax, revenue tax, road tax, market tax, commercial tax, import and. export taxes, and tributes from the vassals were the other forms of revenue to the kingdom.

Question 12. How were the trade and commerce of the Vijayanagara Empire carried out?
Answer: Bhatkal, Honnavara, and Mangaluru were the important ports of Vijayanagar, and foreign traders from Arab, China, and Portugal had trade relations with the Vijayanagar Empire.

Question 13. The Vijaya Vitthala temple of Hampi is a unique temple. Justify.
Answer: The Vijaya Vitthala temple of Hampi is known for its magnificent architectural beauty. The saptaswara musical pillars, huge Kalyana Mantapas, and the Stone Chariot have enhanced the beauty of this temple.

Question 14. Name the famous kings of the Bahamani kingdom
Answer: Mohammad Shah J, Mohammad Shah II, Feroz Shah, Usuf Adil Khan, Ibrahim-Adil Shah I, and Ibrahim Adil Shah I are very famous in the Bahamani kingdom.

Question 15. Which were the major divisions of the Bahamani kingdom?
Answer: Division of the Bahamani kingdom are Ahamad Nagar (Niam Shahi), Vijayapura (Adil Shahi), Briar (Emad Shahi), Bidar (Barid Shahi), and Golkonda (Kuthub Shahi).

Question 16. Which are the main groups in Muslim society?
Answer: Sunni, Shia, Syed, Sheikh, and Pathan are the main groups in Muslim society.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3 Religious Promoters And Social Reformers Points To Remember

Religious leaders like Shankaracharya, Ramanujacharya, Madhwacharya, and Basaweshwara instituted religious reforms which led to an intellectual revolution. Shankaracharya was born at Kaladi in Kerala in a Namboodari Brahmin Family as a son of Shivaguru and Aryamba. Shankaracharya propagated the Advaitha philosophy. According to this, Brahma is the absolute truth, and the rest of the world is false. Ramanujacharya was bom in Sriperumbadur near Chennai as a son of Keshavasomayaji and Kantimati.

• The Shaivite Chola king troubled Ramanujacharya repeatedly. At that time, the Hoysala king of Karnataka, Vishnuvardhan invited him to Karnataka.
• Ramanujacharya’s philosophy is called ‘ Vishitadvaita’ and the religion he propagated is called ‘Shrivaishnavism’.
• Madhwachaiya was born in Pajaka village near Udupi in Karnataka as a son of Madhwagehabhatta and Vedavati.
• Madhwacharya advocated Dwaitha philosophy according to which the human soul and the Divine soul are separate.
• Basaveshwara was the son of Madarasa and Madalambika of Basavanabagewadi in Vijayapura district.
• Basavanna’s aim was to inspire people to develop the habit of working and He declared that ‘Work is Worship and tried to implement it totally.
• Basavanna established a Sharana spiritual institution called ‘Anubhava Mantapa’ at Basavakalyana in the Bidar district.

Religious Promoters And Social Reformers Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Shankara was born in Kaladi in Kerala.
2. “The world is an illusion, Brahma alone is the Truth”. This statement was declared by Shankaracharya
3. Ramanujacharya’s disciples are called Shrivaishnavites.
4. The proponent of Dwaita philosophy is Madhwacharya.

Answer the following questions by discussing them with your group:

Question 1. Who is the proponent of Advaita philosophy?
Answer: Shankaracharya is the proponent of the Advaita philosophy

Question 2. Which is the philosophy advocated by Ramanujacharya? What is their sect called?
Answer: Ramanujacharya’s philosophy is called‘Vishitadvaita’ and the religion he propagated is called ‘Shrivaishnavism’.

Question 3. Name the books written by Ramanujacharya.
Answer:
The books written by Ramanujacharya are:

• Vedanta Sangraha
• Vedantasara
• Vedanta Deepika
• Shribhasya
• Geethabhashya

Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3 KSEEB Religious Promoters Notes 

Question 4. Which are the tenets advocated by Madhwacharya?
Answer:
The tenets advocated by Madhwacharya are:

• Madhwacharya advocated the Dwaitha philosophy.
• He stated that the human soul and the Divine soul are separate.
• According to him, the world is not Maya or an illusion. It is as true as Paramatma or the Divine Soul.
• The Divine soul is independent and the rest of the world is illusionary.
• The Divine soul and the human soul have a Lord and Servant relation respectively.
• Worship of Lord Vishnu can elevate the human soul and thus enable it to attain moksha.

Question 5. Write a note on the ‘Work is Worship’ philosophy of Basavanna.
Answer: Basavanna preached dignity of labor and said that Everyone should work and earn his living. He advocated the work policy for the development of society. Basavanna’s aim was to inspire people to develop the habit of working. He declared that ‘ Work is Worship ’ and tried to implement it totally.

Question 6. Who established Anubhava Mantapa? What are its objectives?
Answer: Basavanna established a Sharana spiritual institution called ‘Anubhava Mantapa’ at Basavakalyana in the Bidar district. The main objectives are to discuss social, economic, and religious problems without discriminating between castes or gender. The ideas emerging from his discussions were made to reach the communities through vachanas.

Question 7. Name the books written by Shankaracharya.
Answer:
The books written by Shankaracharya are:

• Shankaracharya
• Anandalahari
• Soundaryalahari
• Shivanandalahari.
• Vivekachoodamani
• VPrabuddasudhakara
• Dakshinamurthystotra and
• Bhajagovindam

Religious Promoters And Social Reformers Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the answer sheet provided:

Question 1. The philosophy propagated by Shankaracharya is

1. Dwaitha
2. Adwaita
3. Vshistadwaitha
4. DjShakfhidwaitha

Answer: 2. Adwaita

Question 2. The main philosophy of Shankaracharya is

1. Path of knowledge is a way to attain moksha
2. Atma and pannatma are two different entities
3. Upheld concept of Kayakave Kailasa
4. Atma and Parmatma are like masters and servant

Answer: 1. Path of knowledge is a way to attain moksha

Religious Promoters And Social Reformers Class 9 KSEEB Solutions 

Question 3. The main preaching of Basavanna is

1. Dignityoflabour
2. To worship Lord Vishnu to attain moksha
3. The path of knowledge
4. That life and nature are controlled by Brahma

Answer:  1. Dignityoflabour

Religious Promoters And Social Reformers Match The Followings

1. Match the following list A with the suitable given in List B
        A                                                 B
Shankaracharya                  Basavanabagevadi
Ramanujacharya                      Allahabad
Madhavacharya                        Kalati
Basaveshwara                          Pajaka
                                                Sriperumbadur
                                                Kanchi
Answer:
A                                       B
Shankaracharya               Kalati
Ramanujacharya              Sriperumbadur
Madhavacharya               Pajaka
Basaveshwara                  Basavanabagevadi

2. Match the following list A with the suitable given in List B
           A                                               B
Shankaracharya                          Veerashaivism
Ramanujacharya                         Dwaitha Philosophy
Madhwacharya                            Vishistaadvaith Philosophy 
Basaveshwara                              Advaitha philosophy
                                                      Sufism
                                                      Krishna bhakti
Answer:
           A                                 B
Shankaracharya            Advaitha philosophy
Ramanujacharya           Vishistaadvaith Philosophy
Madhwacharya              Dwaitha Philosophy
Basaveshwara                Veerashaivism

3. Match the following list A with the suitable given in List B

    A                                            B
Badrinath                      Govardhanpeetha
Sringeri                             Jyotirpeetha
Puri                                 Kalikapeetha
Dwaraka                        Sharadapeetha
Udupi                           adichunchanagiripeeth
                                         Ashtamatta
                                     Siddagangamatta
                                         Srirangapeeth
Answer:
     A                                                   B
Badrinath                                Jyotirpeetha
Sringer                                    Sharadapeetha
Puri                                         Govardhanpeetha
Dwaraka                                  Kalikapeetha
Udupi                                      Ashtamatta

Religious Promoters And Social Reformers Answer the following questions:

Question 1. Who instituted religious reforms which led to an intellectual revolution?
Answer: Religious leaders like Shankaracharya, Ramanujacharya, Madhwacharya, and Basaweshwara instituted religious reforms which led to an intellectual revolution.

Question 2. Why did Ramanujacharya come to Karnataka?
Answer: The Shaivite Cholaking troubled Ramanujacharya repeatedly so Vishnuvardhan invited him to Karnataka.

KSEEB Social Science Class 9 Chapter 3 Social Reformers Concepts 

Question 3. Who were the parents ofMadhwacharya?
Answer: Madhwacharya was born in Pajaka village near Udupi in Karnataka as a son of Madhwagehabhatta and Vedavati.

Question 4. What is the main preaching of Madhwacharya?
Answer: Madhwacharya advocated Dwaitha philosophy according to which the human soul and the Divine soul are separate.

Question 5. Name the parents of Basaveshwara.
Answer: Basaveshwara was the son of Madarasa and Madalambika ofBasavanabagewadi in Vijayapura district.

Question 6. Why did Basavanna declare that ‘Work is Worship?
Answer: Basavaopa’s aim was to inspire people to develop the habit of working and He declared that ‘work is Worship’and tried to implement it totally.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Sociology Chapter 1 Family Points To Remember

The word ‘family’ is derived from the Latin term ‘famulus’ which means serve. Characteristics of the family are a universal system, basic units for all social activities, rearing and nurturing, teaching social behavior, etc. The family of lather-mother and children is called a two-generation family. The relationship between grandfather-grandmother, father-mother, and children is called a three-generation family. The family of grandfather-grandmother, father-mother, children, and grandchildren is called a four-generation family.

• Types of families are Patriarchal, Matriarchal, Modem nuclear family, and Joint family.
• A family in which the father is the head and has all assets in his name is called a Patriarchal family.
• Patriarchal family was prevalent in ancient India, China, Rome, Egypt, and other countries and is in existence even today.
• A family in which the mother is the head having all property and assets in her name is called a Matriarchal family.
• The Nair community in Calicut in Kerala state and tribal communities in the northeastern states of India have a Matriarchal family system.
• A family consisting of a father-mother and their unmarried children as members are called a nuclear family.
• Privacy, personal happiness, self-contentment, property rights, changing social values, advances in science and technology, industrialization, urbanization, principles of democracy, and equality are the reasons for increasing the nuclear family.
• The salient features of a nuclear family are small size, simple social control, complexity, more freedom to the members, and attraction towards modernity.
• The characteristics of a joint family are Large in size, Residence, and Kitchen, Religion, Self-sufficient unit & Exercise of authority.

Family Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The word ‘family’ originated from the Latin word Famulus.
2. The living cell of society is the Family.
3. When the father is the head of the family, that family is called a Patriarchal family.
4. The type of family seen among the Nairs of Malabar in Kerala is Matriarchal.

Family Class 9 Sociology Notes 

Family Answer the following questions.

Question 1. How the family is a social unit?
Answer: It is a basic institution of society. All the activities of society are conducted on the basis of the family.

Question 2. Mention the types of the family.
Answer:
Different types of Families are:

• Patriarchal
• Matriarchal
• Modern nuclear family and  Joint family.

Question 3. What is Joint Family?
Answer: The family consisting of grandfather-grandmother, father-mother, children, and grandchildren is called a Joint family.

Question 4. What is a ‘Nuclear Family’?
Answer: A family consisting of father-mother and their unmarried children as members is called a Nuclear family.

Question 5. What are the characteristics of a family?
Answer:
The main characteristics of the family are:

• Family is universal
• It is a basic unit for all social activities
• Rearing and nurturing
• Teaches social behavior
• Inform the heritage of the generation

Family Class 9 Textbook Solutions 

Question 6. Discuss the role of the family in individual social development stages.
Answer:
The role of the family in individual social development stages is:

• Any activities of the social institution start from the family.
• It helps to bud the political economic, educational, and several activities of the society.
• It had been given some work to other institutions of society.

Question 7. Explain the characteristics of the Joint family.
Answer:
Characteristics of a joint family are:

• Large in size
• Co-ordination and Co-operation
• Residence and Kitchen
• Religion
• Self-sufficient unit
• Exercise of authority

Question 8. Give the reasons for the increasing nuclear family.
Answer:
The reasons for the increasing number of nuclear families are:

• Privacy
• personal happiness
• Property rights,
• Changed social values
• Advances in science and technology
• Urbanization
• Principles of democracy and equality

Family Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. Which one of the options is not a feature of the modern nuclear family?

1. Small size
2. Loose social control
3. Complexity
4. The interpersonal cooperation of all members

Answer: 4. interpersonal cooperation of all members

Question 2. Children learn many things from peers that they cannot learn from their parents because

1. Peer is his age group
2. Peer is more than his age group
3. Peer is neighbor of child
4. The peer is a relative of a child

Answer: 1. peer is his age group

Class 9 Social Science Family Answers 

Question 3. The word family is derived from

1. Latin Language
2. Sanskrit Language
3. English Language
4. Hindi Language

Answer: 1. Latin Language

Question 4. Where do the child’s innate abilities and talents get exposure?

1. At House
2. In his neighborhood
3. With his peers
4. At school

Answer: 4. At school

Question 5. Which one among the following factor does provide a foundation for ideals to social life?

1. Family
2. School
3. Religion
4. Neighborhood

Answer: 1. Family

Question 6. Which one among the following is not a characteristic of a Matriarchal family?

1. Mother is the head of a family
2. Property is shared among the daughters
3. The decision is taken by the woman
4. Practiced throughout the country

Answer: 4. Practiced in all parts of the country

Class 9 Social Science Chapter 1 Family Notes 

Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences each:

Question 1. How is the word family derived?
Answer: The word ‘family’ is derived from the Latin term‘famulus’ which means serve.

Question 2. What is meant by the two-generation family?
Answer: The family of father-mother and children is called a two-generation family.

Question 3. What is meant by the three-generation family?
Answer: The relationship between grandfather-grandmother, father-mother, and children is called a three-generation family.

Question 4. What is meant by the four-generation family?
Answer: The family of grandfather-grandmother, father-mother, children, and grandchildren is called a four-generation family

KSEEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Karnataka State Syllabus

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Sociology Chapter 2 Socialization Points To Remember

The process of learning social behaviour and the process of becoming a social being is called socialisation. The agents of socialisation are age, experience and the influence of elders. Secondly, the influence of the same age group. The saying that the mother is the first teacher to the child and the family is the first school of the child is literally true. The child learns its first lesson in love, affection, trust, patience, kindness, cooperation and other values at home. The child learns the social behaviours of same-age children which are unable to learn by their parents and teachers.

• Religion preaches to leading an ethical life. Children observe parents, elders and relatives visiting places of worship.
• The good behaviour, noble thinking and sense of equality expressed in the teachers’ behaviour make the children imbibe love, trust, patience, kind heartedness and other values of life.
• Television, movies, newspapers, periodicals, dramas, radio and other media make use of literature on a large scale.
• Advertisements, radio programmes, stories, poems, novels, dramas, dance, music, posters, quotations from great men, proverbs and words of wisdom influence children.
• The families which reside close to your family are called Neighbourhood.
• Neighbours share one another’s happiness and sorrow and live like members of the same family.

Socialization Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The changing process of man as a social being is called Socialization.
2. Mother is the child’s first Teacher.
3. An important agency of socialization is Family.

Socialization Class 9 Sociology Notes 

Discuss in a group and answer the following questions:

Question 1. Explain the role of school in the process of socialisation.
Answer:
The role of school in the process of socialisation is:

• The child gets influenced by its teachers and friends in addition to the influence of education.
• Through education, the child’s behaviour, knowledge, morality and attitude are shaped.
• The child’s innate abilities and talents get exposure.
• Education prepares children for the future.
• The good behaviour, noble thinking and sense of equality expressed in the teachers’ behaviour make the children imbibe love, trust, patience, kind-heartedness and other values of life.

Question 2. What are the values learned by a child from the family members?
Answer: The child learns its first lesson in love, affection, trust, patience, kindness, cooperation and other values at home.

Question 3. Explain the social importance of the socialisation process.
Answer:
The social importance of the socialisation process is:

• It is important from the view of equality and equal opportunity
• Converts man into social beings
• Provides the scope of adopting, imitating and learning many skills
• Helps to the development of personality
• Helps to the development of heritage
• Develops the social relationship
• Support for the social system

Question 4. Mention what socialization indicates.
Answer: Socialization indicates the all-around development of children, values, discipline, Culture, and traditions etc, learnt by different agencies.

Question 5. Explain the role of mass media in the socialisation process.
Answer:
The role of mass media in the socialisation process is:

• The media make use of literature on a large scale
• Quotations from great men, proverbs and words of wisdom influence children.
• The mass media can be used effectively through news reports, quiz programs etc
• Programmes of educational importance have a direct bearing on the personality and good conduct of the child.
• The adolescent and the youth are moving away from values and culture.

Socialization Class 9 Textbook Solutions 

Question 6. Explain the role of the neighbourhood in the socialization process.
Answer:
The role of the neighbourhood in the socialization process is:

• Neighbours share one another’s happiness and sorrow and live like members of the same family.
• They interact with each other with regard to their tastes, religious functions, marriages and other events.
• They render various services to the people of their area.
• People have mutual relations.

Socialization Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The language which gives birth to many languages is

1. Hindi
2. English
3. Urdu
4. Sanskrit

Answer: 4. Sanskrit

Question 2. Which one among the following is considered the core of all systems of society?

1. Family
2. School
3. Religion
4. Neighbourhood

Answer: 1. Family

Question 3. The stages that occupy very important roles in social development are

1. Childhood and Youth
2. Old age and middle age
3. Youth and middle age
4. Old age and Childhood

Answer: 1. Childhood and Youth

Class 9 Social Science Socialization Answers 

Question 4. The Living Cell of the Society is

1. Family
2. Village
3. Town
4. State

Answer: 2. Village

Answer the following questions in a sentence each:

Question 1. What is Socialisation?
Answer: The process of learning social behaviour and the process of becoming a social being is called socialisation.

Question 2. Who are the agents of socialisation?
Answer: The agents of socialisation are age, experience, the influence of elders and the influence of the same age group.

Question 3. Mention the lessons learnt by a child at home.
Answer: The child learns its first lesson in love, affection, trust, patience, kindness, cooperation and other values at home.

Socialization Questions And Answers Class 9 

Question 4. How does the school help in Socialization?
Answer: The good behaviour, noble thinking and sense of equality expressed in the teachers’ behaviour make the children imbibe love, trust, patience, kind heartedness and other values of life.

Question 5. What is meant by Neighbourhood?
Answer: The families which reside close to your family are called Neighbourhood.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2 Medieval India And Political Transition Points To Remember

The rule of small kings is called a multi-state political system which was started with the study of Rajput dynasties. Gurjara Pratihars, Garhwalas, Paramars, Chouhan’s, Solankis, and Chandela Rajput families ruled in North India. Prithviraj Chauhan, Jayachandra Gharwal, and Paramathidev Chandela were the powerful kings of Northern India. Nagabhatta is the founding father of Gurjara Prathihars who ruled Ujjain was prominent and successful in facing the Arab invasion.

• The Arab traveler, Suleiman visited Mihira Bhoja’s court and appreciated the kingdom as it had peace.
• The founder of the Garhwal dynasty was Chandradeva who ruled from Varanasi as his capital.
• Upendra Krishna was the founder of the Paramara dynasty who ruled from Dharanagar as his capital.
• Bhoja is the most popular king of the Paramara dynasty.
• Mularaja I was the founder of the Solanki dynasty and Moolaraja II of this dynasty defeated Mohammed Ghorinear Mount Abu.
• The famous Jain scholar Hemachandra, wrote a dictionary in the Prakrit language called ‘ Deshinamamala’.
• Dhanga was the famous king of the Chandela dynasty who declared himself free from the Pratihars and occupied the eastern portion of their kingdom.
• Prithviraj Chouhan defeated Mohammed Ghori in the first battle of Terrain but lost in the second battle of Terrain because of the treachery of Jayachandra.
• Sati and johar practices were prevalent in the Rajputs period where Swayamvar marriages were common in royal families.
• The Rajput kings constructed massive forts at Chittoda, Mandu, Ranthambore, Jodhpur, and Gwalior in North India.
• Alaptigin, the Turkish slave established an independent kingdom at Ghazni.
• Mahmood Ghazni invaded India 17 times and looted a lot of wealth.
• Ghulam, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayed, and Lodhi dynasties ruled Delhi.
• Since Qutubuddin Aibak and his successors were all slaves, their dynasty came to be known as the Ghulam dynasty.
• Qutubuddin Aibak laid a solid foundation for the Delhi Sultanate rule in India.
• Qutubuddin Aibak began the construction of Qutub Minar in Delhi.
• Altai nush belonged to the family of Tlbari and was Qutubbuddin Aibak’s slave.
• Razia Sultan was the first woman to ascend the throne of Delhi and earned the title of sultanas
• The Khilji dynasty was established by Jalaluddin but Allauddin was the most famous.
• Ghiyasttddin established the Tughlaq dynasty whereas Mohammed bin Tughlaq and Feroze Tughlaq were prominent in this dynasty.

Medieval India And Political Transition Textual Questions And Answers

Fill In The Blanks With Suitable Words.

1. The founder of the Gurjara-Pratihara Rajput dynasty was Nagabhatta.
2. Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori in the first battle of Terrain.
3. The Prominent commander of Mohammad Ghori was Qutububbin Aibak.
4. The first woman to rule among the Delhi Sultans was Razia.
5. The famous Sultan of the Khilji dynasty was Alauddin Khilji.
6. The capital was shifted from Delhi to Devagiri during the rule of the Tughlaq.

Medieval India And Political Transition Answer the following questions.

Question 1. Explain the contributions of the Rajput kings in the field of literature.
Answer:
The main contributions of the Rajput kings in the field of literature are:

• The Rajput kings Bhoja and Munja were scholars themselves.
• King Munja had poets Padmagupta and Halayudha in his court.
• Bhoja had extended his royal patronage to Jain scholars like Shantisena, Prabhachandrasuri, and Ghanapala.
• Great poetic works like ‘Gita Govinda’ of Jayadeva, ‘Kiratarjuniya’ of Bharavi, Ravanavadha of Bharthrahari, and Kavyameemamsa of Mahendrapala were written in this period.
• Dramas like ‘Balaramayana’ and ‘Karpuramanjari’ ofRajasekhara, ‘Mahavira Charita’ and ‘Uttara Ramacharita’ of Bhavabhutfwerc were written in this period.
• Historical works like ‘Rajatarangini’ of Kalhana, ‘Prithvirajavijaya’ of Jayanika, and ‘Kumarapalacharita’ of Hemachandra are significant works of this period.
• ‘Prithvirajaraso’ was written by Chand Bardai and ‘Bhoja prabandha’ was written by Ballala.
• Gujarati, Rajasthani, and Hindi languages saw a lot of development.

Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2 KSEEB Medieval India Notes 

Question 2. Explain the administrative methods of Iltamush briefly.
Answer: Iltamush was Gwalior’s administrator and later became Aibak’s successor. Iltamush divided his kingdom into provinces (ikta) and appointed provincial officers (iktadars) to run an administration. He appointed a group of 40 S radars to advise him on administration issues. The Prime Minister and the judges used to advise the Sultan. Iltamush brought gold and silver coins into circulation. He completed the construction of Qutub Minar which was started in QutubuddinAibak’s time.

Question 3. What are the administrative reforms implemented by Allauddin Khilji?
Answer:
The administrative reforms implemented by Allauddin Khilji are:

• Allauddin Khilji brought about many reforms in the administration.
• He abolished religious endowments, items (gifts), land, and subsidy.
• He established an efficient intelligence network.
• He abolished the consumption of alcohol, drugs, and dice game.
• He also banned social gatherings of his lieutenants, their socialization with the public, and marriage among elite class of the people.
• He appointed revenue officials to collect fixed taxes from the formers.

Question 4. Name the administrative reforms implemented by Mohammad bin Tughlaq.
Answer:
The administrative reforms implemented by Mohammad bin Tughlaq are:

• Revenue reforms
• Shifting of capital
• An experiment of symbolic coins
• Deccan Policy

Question 5. What are the contributions of the Delhi Sultans to art and architecture? Give examples.
Answer:
The main contributions of the Delhi Sultans to art and architecture are:

• The Delhi Sultans introduced a new style of architecture known as Tndo-Islamic’.
• Arches, domes, and minarets form the main features of this style.
• The Delhi sultans built forts, mosques, palaces, public buildings, madrasas, and Dharamshala.
• Quat-ul-Islam mosque, Qutub Minar, Alai Darwaza and Jumait Khana mosques at Delhi are examples of Indo-Islamic style.

Medieval India And Political Transition Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the answer sheet provided.

Question 1. Which one among the following is the WRONG pair?

1. Solankis-Mularajal
2. Chandelas – Dhanga
3. Paramars – Chandradeva
4. Chauhans- Prithvirajchauhan

Answer: 3. Paramars – Chandradeva

Question 2. Indian lifestyle and knowledge reached Arab because

1. Tariq -U1 – Hind had discussed India.
2. Ghazni and Ghori Mohammed invaded India.
3. Indians had trade contact with Arabs.
4. Delhi sultans had political origins with Arabs.

Answer: 1. Tariq -U1 – Hind had discussed India.

Medieval India And Political Transition Class 9 KSEEB Solutions 

Question 3. If Prithiviraj Chauhan would have won the second battle of Terrain

1. Mohammed Ghori could not establish his rule in India.
2. QutubuddinAibak could not establish Delhi Sultanate rule in India.
3. Mohammed Ghazni could not attack on India.
4. Prithviraj Chauhan would have made friends with Mohammed Ghori

Answer: 2. QutubuddinAibak could not establish Delhi Sultanate rule in India.

Question 4. The First woman to rule Delhi was

1. Razia Sultana
2. Lakshmi Bai
3. Begum Hazarat Mahal
4. Padmini

Answer: 1. Razia Sultana

Question 5. Which one among the following statements is WRONG regarding Qutub Minar?

1. Qutub Minar is the tallest tower in India.
2. Qutubuddin Aibak started to construct the Qutub Minar.
3. Iltamush completed the construction of Qutub Minar.
4. Qutub Minar is located in Uttar Pradesh.

Answer: 4. Qutub Minar is located in Uttar Pradesh.

Medieval India And Political Transition  Match The Following

1. Match the following list A with the suitable given in List B
             A                                                   B
GurjaraPratiliars dynasty                     Mularaja 
Garhwalas dynasty                              Dhanga
Parmar dynasty                                   Chandradeva
Solankis dynasty                                  Harichandra
Chandelas dynasty                               Prithviraj
                                                      Upendra Krishna Raja
                                                           Chand Bardai
                                                            Jayachandra

Answer:
              A                                        B
GurjaraPratiliars dynasty            Harichandra
Garhwalas dynasty                     Prithviraj
Parmar dynasty                          Upendra Krishna Raja
Solankis dynasty                        Mularaja
Chandelas dynasty                    Dhanga

2. Match the following list A with a suitable given in List B
               A                                        B
 Ghulami dynasty                        Sikandaer
 Khilji dynasty                              Babur
 Tughlaq dynasty                         Akbar
 Sayyed dynasty                           Khizarkhan
 Lodhi dynasty                             Jalaluddin
                                                      Iltamush
                                                      Chand Bardai
                                                      Ghiyasuddin
Answer:
          A                                              B
Ghulami dynasty                          Iltamush
Khilji dynasty                                Jalaluddin
Tughlaq dynasty                          Ghiyasuddin
Sayyed dynasty                            Khizarkhan
Lodhi dynasty                              Sikandaer

3. Match the following list A with the suitable given in List B
          A                                                      B
Karpuramanjari                                Bhavabhuthi
Rajatarangini                                    Mahendrapala
Kirataijuniya                                      Jayadeva
Kavyameemamsa                              Ramanujacharya
Uttara Ramacharita                           kalhana
                                                          Rajasekhara
                                                          Chand Bardai
                                                          Bharavi

Answer:
A                                            B
Karpuramanjari                    Rajasekhara
Rajatarangini                        Kalhana
Kirataijuniya                         Bharavi
Kavyameemamsa                 Mahendrapala
Uttara Ramacharita              Bhavabhuthi

Medieval India And Political Transition Answer The Following Questions In A Sentence Each:

Question 1. What is meant by a Multi-state political system?
Answer: The rule of small kings is called as a multi-state political system which started with the study of Rajput dynasties.

Question 2. Why is Nagabhatta of Gurjara Prathihars considered as prominent and successful king?
Answer: Nagabhatta is the founding father of Gurjara Prathihars who ruled Ujrjain and was prominent and successful in facing the Arab invasion.

Question 3. Name the Arab traveler who visited Mihira Bhoja’s court.
Answer: The Arab traveler, Suleiman visited Mihira Bhoja’s court

KSEEB Social Science Class 9 Chapter 2 Political Transition Concepts 

Question 4. What similarity do you find in Moolaraja II and Prithviraj Chauhan?
Answer: Moolaraja II and Prithviraj Chauhan defeated Mohammed Ghori once.

Question 5. Name the king who established an independent kingdom at Ghazni.
Answer: Alaptigin, the Turkish slave established an independent kingdom at Ghazni.

Question 6. Who invaded India 17 times and looted a lot of wealth?
Answer: Mahmood Ghazni invaded India 17 times and looted a lot of wealth.

Medieval India And Political Transition Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences each:

Question 1. Name the important Raj put families who ruled North India.
Answer: Gurjara Pratihars, Garhwalas, Paramars, Chouhan, Solankis, and Chandela Rajput families ruled in North India.

Question 2. Name some powerful kings of Rajput who ruled Northern India.
Answer: Prithviraj Chauhan, Jayachandra Gharwal, and Paramathidev Chandela were the powerful kings of Northern India.

Question 3. Why do we consider Dhanga as the most famous king of the Chandela dynasty?
Answer: Dhanga is considered as the famous king of the Chandela dynasty because Dhanga declared himself free from the Pratihars and occupied the eastern portion of their kingdom.

KSEEB Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2 Textbook Solutions 

Question 4. What were the results of the battle of Train?
Answer: Prithviraj Chouhan defeated Mohammed Ghori in the first battle of Terrain but lost in the second battle of Terrain because of the treachery of Jayachandra.

Question 5. What was the status of women during Rajput’s rule?
Answer:

• Sati and johar practices were prevalent in the Rajputs period
• Swayamvar marriages were common in royal families.
• Women used to learn dance, music, and literature.

Question 6. Where did the Rajput kings construct massive forts?
Answer: The Rajput kings constructed massive forts at Chittoda, Mandu, Ranthambore, Jodhpur, and Gwalior in North India.

Question 7. Name the dynasties which ruled Delhi under the title of Delhi sultans.
Answer: Ghulam, Khilji, Tughlaq, Sayed, and Lodhi dynasties ruled Delhi under the title of Delhi sultans.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Chapter 1 Christianity And Islam Points To Remember

Christianity and Islam are important religions of the world and are also known as Semitic religions. Christianity and Islam religions took birth in Central Asia, which later spread in many countries of the world.

• Jesus Christ was the founder of Christianity who was born in a poor family of Joseph and Mary.
• John was basically a religious preacher who baptised Jesus.
• Jesus had 12 disciples who are called as ‘Apostles’. Peter was the first apostle.
• Jesus was crucified on the hillock of Golgotha by the Roman soldiers on Friday which is celebrated as Good Friday.
• Emperor Constantine adopted Christianity as the State Religion in 313 AD.
• Catho lies and Protestants are the two sects in Christianity.
• The Bible is the Scripture of the Christian religion.
• The stone of the Kaaba and the other 3 60 idols were worshipped in Mecca.
• Mecca and Medina are holy places of Muslims.
• Prophet Mohammad is the founder of Islam who was born at Mecca in 570 A.D. as a son of Abdulla and Ameena.
• Prophet Mohammad married Khadijah and they had two sons and four daughters.
• While Prophet Mohammad was meditating in a cave in Mecca, he heard the voice of an angel who said that Mohammad was the Prophet of God (Allah).
• Quran is the holy book of Islam which is a collection of messages.
• Paigambar opposed polytheism strongly, the enraged people of Mecca conspired to murder him so Paigambar travelled from Mecca to Medina to save his life in 622 AD.
• The successors of Mohammed Paigambar are known as ‘Caliphs’ (Khalits);
• Abu-Bakr was the first Caliph (Khalifs)…

Christianity And Islam Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The birthplace of Jesus Christ is Bethlehem.
2. The place where Jesus was crucified is Golgotha
3. Christianity became the national religion of after the reign of Emperor Constantine.
4. The birthplace of Mohammed Paigambar is Mecca.
5. The holy book of Islam is Quran.
6. The successors of Mohammed Paigambar are known as Caliph.

Christianity And Islam Discuss With Your Friends And Write Answers To The Following Questions

Question 1. Write a note on the Life of Jesus Christ.
Answer: Jesus Christ was the founder of Christianity and was born in a poor family of Joseph and Mary. He was baptised at the age of thirty by John, who was basically a religious preacher. He became very popular by his work and kindness. He enlightened the people in distress by his divine teachings. He had 12 disciples who are called as ‘Apostles’. Peter was the first apostle. He was crucified on the hillock of Golgotha by the Roman soldiers on Friday which is celebrated as Good Friday.

Class 9 Social Science Chapter 1 KSEEB Christianity And Islam Notes 

Question 2. List the teachings of Jesus Christ.
Answer:
The main teachings of Jesus Christ are:

• God is one and he is most merciful.
• God is the creator of the entire creation.
• Everyone should develop brotherhood feelings about others.
• Loving the people in distress is equal to the worshipping of God.
• One should serve others without expecting any things from them.
• Serving people is equal to devotion of God.
• If one repents for his mistakes God will forgive him.
• Love your enemy.
• Do good to the people who try to harm you.

Question 3. Discuss the expansion of Christianity.
Answer:
Jesus Christ entrusted the responsibility of spreading his teachings and works to his twelve disciples. He established a church in Rome and sent missionaries all over the world to spread the gospel. Roman Emperor Constantine adopted Christianity as the State Religion in 313 AD. Christianity was spread in Rome, Greece, Macedonia and Asia.

Question 4. Write a note on the life of Mohammed Paigambar.
Answer: Prophet Mohammad is the founder of Islam who was born at Mecca in 570 A.D. as a son of Abdulla and Ameena. Prophet Mohammad married Khadijah and they had two sons and four daughters. While Prophet Mohammad was meditating in a cave in Mecca he heard the voice of an angel who said that Mohammad was the Prophet of God (Allah). Paigambar opposed polytheism strongly, the enraged people of Mecca conspired to murder him so Paigambar travelled from Mecca to Medina to save his life in 622 AD.

Question 5.What is ‘Hijra’?
Answer: Paigambar opposed polytheism strongly, the enraged people of Mecca conspired to murder him so Paigambar travelled from Mecca to Medina to save his life in 622 AD. This incident is called as Hijra.

Christianity And Islam Class 9 KSEEB Solutions 

Question 6. What are the rituals and principles of Islam?
Answer:
The main rituals and principles of Islam are:

• Kalima-Belief only in Allah. Mohammed is his Prophet.
• Namaz- Prayer of Allah for five times a day.
• Roza- Fasting in the month of Ramzan.
• Zakath- Definite sum to be spared in the income to give the poor.
• Haj- Pilgrimage to Mecca once in lifetimes.

Christianity And Islam Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the answer sheet provided.

Question 1. John is a very important person for Christians as he
1)Had predicted the birth of Jesus Christ.
2)Had helped the Jews arrest Jesus Christ.
3)Went against Jesus Christ’s teaching.
4)Was a disciple of Jesus Christ.
Answer: 1) had predicted the birth of Jesus Christ.

Question 2. Jews fundamentalists opposed Jesus because he
1)Began to reject the religious dogmas
2)Made friends with Roman Empire
3)Went against Charlemagne of Rome
4)Opposed the concept of the Earth is the Kingdom of God
Answer: 1) Began to reject the religious dogmas

Question 3. Which one among the following is a WRONG statement?
1)Khadija was a rich widow.
2)Prophet Mohammed married Khadija.
3)Khadija and Prophet Mohammad had two sons and four daughters.
4)Prophet Mohammad was basically a teacher.
Answer: 4) Prophet Mohammad was basically a teacher.

KSEEB Social Science Class 9 Chapter 1 Christianity And Islam Concepts 

Question 4. Hijra refers to
1)Journey of Prophet Mohammed from Mecca to Medina
2)Birth of Prophet Mohammed at Mecca
3)Marriage of Prophet Mohammed and Khadija
4)Birth of Fathima
Answer: 1) Journey of Prophet Mohammed from Mecca to Medina

Answer the following questions in a sentence each:

Question 1. Which are the important religions of the world?
Answer: Christianity and Islam are important religions of the world.

Question 2. Name the two sects of Christianity.
Answer: Catholics and Protestants are the two sects in Christianity.

Question 3. Name the holy book of Christians.
Answer: The Bible is the holy Scripture of the Christian religion.

Question 4. Name the holy places of Muslims.
Answer: Mecca and Medina are holy places of Muslims.

Question 5. Who founded the Islamic religion?
Answer: Prophet Mohammad is the founder of Islam.

Question 6. Who are the parents of Prophet Mohammad?
Answer: Prophet Mohammad bom at Mecca in 570 A.D. as a son of Abdulla and Ameena.

Question 7. Name the first Caliph.
Answer: Abubakar was the first Caliph( Khalifs).

Answer the following questions in two to four sentences each:

Question 1. Name the founder of Christianity and Name his parents
Answer: Jesus Christ was the founder of Christianity who was born in a poor family of Joseph and Mary.

Question 2. Who are Apostles? Who was the first Apostle?
Answer: Jesus had 12 disciples who are called as ‘Apostles’. Peter was the first apostle.

KSEEB Class 9 Social Science Chapter 1 Textbook Solutions 

Question 3. Why do Christians celebrate Good Friday?
Answer: Jesus was crucified on the hillock of Golgotha by the Roman soldiers on Friday which is celebrated as Good Friday.

Question 4. How was Mohammad enlightened?
Answer: While Prophet Mohammad was meditating in a cave in Mecca, he heard a voice of an angel who said that Mohammad was the Prophet of God (Allah).

Question 5. Paigambar travelled from Mecca to Medina in 622 AD. Why?
Answer: Paigambar opposed polytheism strongly, the enraged people of Mecca conspired to murder him so Paigambar travelled from Mecca to Medina to save his life in 622 AD.

KSEEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science History

• Chapter 2 Medieval India and Political Transition
• Chapter 3 Religious Promoters and Social Kingdoms
• Chapter 4 Vijayanagara and Bahamani Kingdoms
• Chapter 5 The Moghuls and the Marathas
• Chapter 6 Bhakti Panth
• Chapter 7 Europe in the Middle Ages
• Chapter 8 Modern Europe
• Chapter 9 Revolution and Unification of Nations

KSEEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Political Science 

• Chapter 1  Our Constitution
• Chapter 2 The Union Government
• Chapter 3 State Government
• Chapter 4 Judicial System
• Chapter 5 Indian Election System
• Chapter 6 Defence of the Nation
• Chapter 7 National Integration

KSEEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Sociology

• Chapter 1 Family
• Chapter 2 Socialization
• Chapter 3 Social Change
• Chapter 4 Community

KSEEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Geography

• Chapter 1 Our State – Karnataka
• Chapter 2 Physiographic Divisions of Karnataka
• Chapter 3 Climate,Soil, Natural Vegetation and Animals of Karnataka
• Chapter 4 Water Resources of Karnataka
• Chapter 5 Land Resources of Karnataka
• Chapter 6 Mineral Resources
• Chapter 7 Transport
• Chapter 8 Industries of Karnataka
• Chapter 9 Major Tourist Centers of Karnataka
• Chapter 10 Population of Karnataka

KSEEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Economics 

• Chapter 1 Natural Resources
• Chapter 2 Human Resoruces of Inda
• Chapter 3 Poverty and Hunger
• Chapter 4 Labour and Employment

KSEEB Solutions for Class 9 Social Science Business Studies 

• Chapter 1 Management of Business
• Chapter 2 Financial Management
• Chapter 3 Accounting in Business

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 Economics Chapter 2 Meaning And Types Of Economy Points To Remember

Economy refers to the nature of the organization of economic activities in society. Economies are also classified based on ownership of resources. The resources may be in private ownership or collective ownership. Economies are also classified on the basis of the administrative divisions. J. Brown defines economy as “a system by which people get a living”. Unfair and illegal means such as robbery, and smuggling may earn income for oneself but are socially harmful, hence not considered as gainful economic activity.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

An economy consists of individuals, economic institutions, and government and their interactions. Planning Commission was set up to plan for the socioeconomic development of India in 1950, but it was replaced by NITI Ayog in 2 015. communism was adopted by Russians in 1917 but was replaced by capitalism in 1989. Earlier, the barter system was followed but today money plays a vital role in economic transactions. We have institutions like the RBI, SEBI, World Bank, IMF, WTO, SAARC, ADB, etc., that govern the activities of individuals as well as countries.

1. RBI: Reserve Bank of India.
2. SEBI: Securities and Exchange Board of India.
3. IMF: International Monetary Fund.
4. WTO: World Trade Organization.
5. SAARC: South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation.
6. ADB: Asian Development Bank.

Economic systems are classified into capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies based on ownership of means of production and the extent of government intervention and regulation of economic activities. In a capitalist system, the means of production are owned by the individuals who are free to use them in any way that benefits them. Hence, it is also called a free enterprise economy. When productive resources are owned and controlled by the government to promote the overall interest of society, it is called a socialist system.

Socialism was a prominent idealism after the Second World War and was embraced by countries like Russia, China, and many eastern European countries. But the wave of liberalization since the 1990s has made almost all these countries allow the private sector to participate extensively in economic activities. A mixed economy combines the good features of both capitalism and socialism. It has a combination of elements of both free enterprise and the capitalist economy as well as a government-controlled socialist economy.

India is a classic example of a mixed economy with both public and private sectors operating within the planning and regulatory framework of the government. Industrial policies of 1948 and 1956 formulated by the Indian government made provision for the coexistence of the public and private sectors, with a larger role for the public sector.

The Planning Commission was set up in 1950 to prepare plans for the all-round development of the country and its people. The Planning Commission has so far prepared and implemented twelve five-year plans and many annual plans In 2015, the Planning Commission has been replaced by the NITI (National Institution for Transforming IndiaAyog.

The public sector was given a dominant role so that it could control the commanding heights of the economy.

Class 8 Economics Meaning And Types Of Economy KSEEB Notes 

Meaning And Types Of Economy Exercises

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Economy refers to the nature of the organization of economic activities.
2. NITI Ayog was set up in 2015.
3. Free enterprise is a basic feature of a Capitalist economy.
4. A good example of a capitalist economy is the USA.
5. Co-existence of public and private sectors is seen in Mixed Economy.

Answer the following after discussing them in groups:

Question 1. What is an economy?
Answer: Economy refers to the nature of the organization of economic activities in society.

Question 2. Mention the features of the capitalist economic system.
Answer:

Private property
Freedom of enterprise
Competiti on, markets and prices
Absence of government interference

Question 3. What is planning?
Answer: Planning refers to the deliberate actions of the government to systematically allocate and utilize available resources to achieve predetermined goals in the interest of all.

Question 4. How are economies classified on the basis of the level of development?
Answer:
On the basis of the level of development, economies can be classified into two categories:

Developed economy and
Developing economy

Question 5. How does the government regulate the activities of the private sector in a mixed economy?
Answer: Government regulates the activities of the private sector through various policies such as licensing policy, taxation policy, price policy, monetary policy, and fiscal policy.

Question 6. What is disinvestment?
Answer: The government is selling its shares in public sector industries, which is called disinvestment.

Question 7. Why is India considered a developing economy?
Answer: The national and per capita income in these countries is low. They have backward agricultural and industrial sectors with low savings, investment, and capital formation. They have a low standard of living, poor health and sanitation, high infant mortality, high birth and death rates, and poor infrastructure.

Meaning And Types Of Economy Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The main aim of an economy is

1. Satisfaction of human wants
2. Utilization of natural resources
3. Achieving economic development
4. Earning huge amounts of money.

Answer: 1. Satisfaction with human wants

Question 2. The economist who defines economy as “a system by which people get a living” is

1. Adam Smith
2. Lionel Robbins
3. A. J. Brown
4. A. C. Pigou

Answer: 3. A.J. Brown

Question 3. Planning Commission was set up in India in the year

1. 1950
2. 1952
3. 1972
4. 1917

Answer: 1. 1950

KSEEB Economics Chapter 2 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 4. NITI Ayog was set up in India in the year in the year

1. 2015
2. 2017
3. 2016
4. 2014

Answer: 1. 2015

Question 5. The Economic system in which production is owned by the individuals and are free to use in any way that benefits them is

1. Socialist
2. Secularist
3. Capitalist
4. Mixed

Answer: 3. Capitalist

Question 6. A country that has a capitalist economic system is

1. India
2. China
3. Russia
4. USA

Answer: 4. USA

Question 7. Privatization has become a key policy of the government since

1. 1950
2. 1991
3. 1952
4. 1971

Answer: 2. 1991

Question 8. The government is selling its shares in public sector industries, which is called

1. Investment
2. Disinvestment
3. Shares
4. Debenture

Answer: 2. Disinvestment

Question 9. Communism was adopted by Russians in the year

1. 1950
2. 1917
3. 1952
4. 1971

Answer: 2. 1917

Meaning And Types Of Economy Answer the following questions:

Question 1. Which are the three types of Economic systems?
Answer: Capitalist, Socialist, and Communist are the three types of Economic systems.

Question 2. What is Socialist Economy?
Answer: When productive resources are owned and controlled by the government to promote the overall interest of society, it is called a socialist system.

Question 3. What is a Mixed Economy?
Answer: A mixed economy combines the good features of both capitalism and socialism.

Question 4. Which are Unfair and illegal human activities?
Answer: Unfair and illegal means such as robbery, and smuggling may earn income for oneself but is socially harmful, hence not considered as gainful economic activity.

Class 8 Economics Chapter 2 guide On Meaning And Types Of Economy KSEEB 

Question 5. What are the features of the Economy?
Answer:
The features of the Economy are:

An economy consists of individuals, economic institutions, and government and their interactions.
The economy is a dynamic entity that is continuously changing.
Production, consumption, and investment are crucial activities of an economy.
Depending on the type of economy, economic activities keep on changing.
Individuals are both producers and consumers.
The modem economic system is complex.
There are many institutions to regulate the activities of individuals.

Question 6. Why was the Planning Commission of India set up?
Answer: The economy is a dynamic entity that is continuously changing. Planning Commission was set up to plan for the socioeconomic development of India in 1950, but it was replaced by NITI Ayog in 2015.

Question 7. How is the economic system classified?
Answer: Economic systems are classified into capitalism, socialism, and mixed economies based on ownership of means of production and the extent of government intervention and regulation of economic activities.

Question 8. Why is the capitalist economic system called a free enterprise economy?
Answer: In a capitalist system, the means of production are owned by the individuals who are free to use them in any way that benefits them.

Question 9. What are the features of a socialist economy?
Answer:
Collective ownership of means of production and wealth:

Social welfare objective.
Central Planning.
Reduction in Inequalities.
No class conflict.

Question 10. What are the features of a mixed economy?
Answer:
The features of a mixed economy are:

Co-existence of public and private sectors.
Individual Freedom.
Economic Planning.
Price Mechanism.

Question 11. What are the characteristics of developed countries?
Answer:
The characteristics of developed countries are:

Higher national and per capita income.
Gigli rate of capital formation.
lightly trained human resources.
Better civic facilities, good health, and sanitation facilities.
Low birth rate, low death rate, and low infant mortality.
Well-developed industrial and social infrastructure.
High standard of living.

Question 12. What are the characteristics of underdeveloped countries?
Answer:
The characteristics of underdeveloped countries are:

The national and per capita income is low.
Backward agricultural and industrial sectors.
Low standard of living.
Poor health and sanitation.
High infant mortality.
High birth and death rates and poor infrastructure.

Question 13. What are the broad objectives of Indian plans?
Answer:
The broad objectives of Indian plans are:

Economic growth.
Modernization.
Self-reliance.
Social justice.
Elimination of Poverty.
Creation of conditions of near full employment.
Satisfaction of basic needs like food, clothing, shelter, education health, etc.

KSEEB Class 8 Meaning and Types of Economy Study Materials 

Question 14. Explain the role of the public sector in the development of the Indian economy.
Answer:
The role of the public sector in the development of the Indian economy:

It increased the pace of economic growth and reduced disparities in income and wealth.
It has prominently contributed to:
Development of infrastructure.
Establishment of basic and heavy industries.
Disperse industries in several backward regions and
promote trading and marketing activities, including international trade.

Question 15. What are the key objectives of public sector promotion?
Answer: Achievement of rapid economic development, reduction of the concentration of economic power, balanced regional development, employment generation, import substitution, and export- promotion and resource mobilization were the key objectives of public sector promotion.

Question 16. The public sector did not show better financial performance or profitability. Why?
Answer: The public sector did not show better financial performance or profitability because of many critical problems like defective pricing policy; excessive political interference; delays in decision-making; over-staffing; lack of accountability; and under-utilization of capacity.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 Economics Chapter 1 Introduction To Economics Points To Remember

While the people using goods and services are called the ‘consumers’. The people engaged in the production of the goods and services are called the ‘producers’. These goods and services are made available to us at our place through transporters, traders, and shopkeepers, who are called the ‘distributors’. Economics may be described as the study of these economic activities of individuals or as a science that deals with the production, distribution, and use of goods and services.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

The classification of wants as more important or less is called ‘prioritizing’. “Economics is defined as the social science that examines how people choose to use limited or scarce resources in attempting to satisfy their unlimited wants.”“Economics is the study of wealth” – Adam Smith (1776) (Father of Economics) “Economics is the study of people in the ordinary business of life.” – Alfred Marshall (1890) The word “economics” comes from the Greek words “Oikos,” meaning “household,” and ‘ ‘nomos meaning “management”. Economics refers to the art of “household management” that involves using the available means to satisfy the basic needs of the family as well as to prosper. The organization of economic activities is called ‘economy’.

The study of Economics is not only enlightening but also profitable. – A. C. Pigou. Wants are the basis for all economic activities. The varied activities which we perform in order to earn money and wealth, for the satisfaction of our wants, are called economic activities. Production activities are those that produce goods and services. For example, agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing, mining, forest development, different kinds of industries, transport, communication, etc.

Goods and services are produced for consumption. Man satisfies his wants by buying goods and services. All these activities are known as consumption activities. Since Economics is a study of human economic activities, it is a very vast subject. Therefore, in order to study the different activities, it is divided into two broad branches called ‘Micro’ and ‘Macroeconomics. The word micro means very small and microeconomics implies a study of economics at a very small level. The word macro means ‘total’ or ‘large’.

It is said, “Micro Economics is like studying a single tree in the forest while, Macro Economics studies the whole forest; Micro Economics provides a worm’s eye view of the economy but Macro Economics provides a bird’s eye view of the economy”. Basic Economic Problems are What to produce? Flow to produce? For whom to produce?

Introduction To Economics Exercises

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The word ‘Economics’ originates from the Greek root words “Oikos,” and “nomos,”
2. The basic economic problems of every individual are scarcity and choice.
3. The activities that generate income are Economic activities.
4. Micro Economics is the study of Small units.
5. Macro Economics is the study of large units.

Answer the following in a sentence each:

Question 1. What is Economics?
Answer: “Economics is defined as the social science that examines how people choose to use limited or scarce resources in attempting to satisfy their unlimited wants.”

Question 2. Define scarcity.
Answer: Scarcity means something lesser than demand

Question 3. List the different economic activities.
Answer:

Production
Consumption
Exchange
Distribution

Class 8 Economics Introduction To Economics KSEEB Notes 

Question 4. When you buy a pen, which branch of Economics analyses your decision?
Answer: Microeconomics

Question 5. Define Micro Economics
Answer: The word micro means very small and microeconomics implies the study of economics at a very small level. Microeconomics is the study of decision-making to use resources by the smallest components of society, namely individuals, households, and business firms.

Answer the following in three or four sentences each:

Question 1. What are economic activities?
Answer: The varied activities which we perform in order to earn money and wealth, for the satisfaction of our wants, are called economic activities.

Question 2. Why do we need to study Economics?
Answer: Recognize the scarcity of resources against unlimited wants. Prioritizing the use of resources and identifying more important and less importation. Economize (save) on the use of resources. Search for more efficient ways of using the resources. Engage in economic activity to support a family as well as the country. Contribute to the government’s revenue and assist it in the discharge of its developmental and welfare programs. Understand socio-economic problems of the country like poverty, unemployment, inflation, etc., and try to provide solutions to the same; and Suggest better policies for the development of the country.

Question 3. Differentiate between micro and macroeconomics.
Answer: The word macro means ‘total’ or ‘large’. Macroeconomics studies the decisions taken by the government. The problem of unemployment, economic growth, development, etc. is covered under the study of Macro Economics. The word micro means ‘ small ’. Microeconomics implies a study of economics at a very small level. Microeconomics studies individual buying and selling.

Question 4. What are the basic economic problems?
Answer:
The basic economic problems are:

What to produce?
How to produce?
For whom to produce?

Question 5. What major economic decisions are taken by the government?
Answer: The major economic decisions taken by the government are collections of taxes, expenditure on public amenities and welfare activities, regulation of inflation, promotion of economic growth, etc. which affect the whole economy and fall in the purview of Macro Economics.

Introduction To Economics Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1.“Economics is the study of wealth” this is stated by

1. AdamSmith
2. Alfred Marshall
3. Lionel Robbins
4. Paul A. Samuelson

Answer: 1. Adam Smith

Question 2. The Father of economics is

1. Adam Smith
2. Alfred Marshall
3. Lionel Robbins
4. Paul A. Samuelson

Answer: 1. AdamSmith

Question 3. “Economics is the study of people in the ordinary business of life.” is stated by

1. Alfred Marshall
2. Adam Smith
3. Lionel Robbins
4. Paul A. Samuelson

Answer: 1. Alfred Marshall

KSEEB Economics Chapter 1 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 4. The study of Economics is not only enlightening but also profitable is stated by

1. A. C. Pigou
2. Adam Smith
3. Lionel Robbins
4. Paul A. Samuelson

Answer: 1. A. C. Pigou

Question 5. Which one among the following is NOT a factor of production?

1. Land
2. Labour
3. Capital
4. Banking

Answer: 4. Banking

Question 6. The word macro means

1. Specific
2. Total
3. Small
4. Hidden

Answer: 2. Total

Introduction To Economics Answer the following:

Question 1. What are Production activities?
Answer: Production activities are those that produce goods and services. For example, agriculture, animal husbandry, fishing, mining, forest development, different kinds of industries, transport, communication, etc.

Question 2. What are Consumption activities?
Answer: Goods and services are produced for consumption. Man satisfies his wants by buying goods and services. All these activities are known as consumption activities.

Question 3. What is Exchange?
Answer: Exchange is a marketing system to supply the produced goods to the consumers.

Question 4. Which are the activities of Exchange?
Answer: Activities of collection of goods, transportation, selling, and buying take place are the activities of Exchange.

Question 5. Which are the branches of economics?
Answer: Micro and Macroeconomics are the branches of economics.

Question 6. What is a firm?
Answer: A production or business unit is called a firm.

Question 7. Who are the distributors?
Answer: The goods and services are made available to us at our place through transporters, traders, and shopkeepers, who are called the ‘distributors.

Question 8. What is government?
Answer: The ‘government’ is responsible for maintaining law and order and providing some common basic facilities like good roads, electricity, and internal and external security. The government imposes ‘taxes’ for the goods and services it provides.

Question 9. What is economics according to Lionel Robbins?
Answer: “Economics is the science which studies human behavior as a relationship between given ends and scarce means which have alternative uses.” -Lionel Robbins.

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 4 Ancient Civilizations Of The World Points To Remember

• The Egyptian, Mesopotamian, and Chinese civilizations are the contemporary to Indus Valley Civilization.
• Huge pyramids, sculptures, temples, and inscriptions tell us a lot about Egyptian culture and history.
• The Egyptians had mastered the art of writing which was a symbolic language and consists of small drawings and lias been called hieroglyphics (sacred writings).
• The Greeks called the buildings constructed to protect dead bodies as ‘Pyramids’.
• The kings of Egypt were called ‘Pharaohs’. ‘Pharaoh’ means ‘person who lives in a palatial house.
• The peasants, who had accepted the rule of powerful Osiris, now accepted the rule of Pharaohs too.
• The Jews who came wandering through the deserts in search of shelter were also hated by the people of Egypt.
• Alexander’s military generals declared himself the King of Egypt and established the dynasty of the Ptolemies.
• The last Egyptian queen, Cleopatra, tried her best to save her country.
• The land which inspires awe and fascination is called the ‘Land between the rivers’ or ‘Mesopotamia’ by the Greeks.
• The two rivers, Euphrates and Tigris, had made this West Asian barren land very fertile.
• The northern part of Babylonia was called Akhad and the southern part was Sumer. The northern part of Mesopotamia was known as Assyria.
• The Sumerians, who used to worship their gods on top of the hills, after coming to the plains, built artificial hills and established their places of worship there. These were called Ziggurat.
• Today the law codes of Hammurabi have been kept in ‘The Louvre’ museum of Paris.
• Hammurabi’s law enforced the logic of ‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth’.
• Nebuchadnezzar was the greatest king among them
• Having Ho River which led to the establishment of the Chinese civilization was known as ‘China’s Sorrow’.
• The Shang dynasty was overpowered by the neighboring Chau dynasty. The Chau dynasty continued the good traditions of the Shang culture and ruled till QuestionQuestion0 B.C.E.
• Emperor Qin Shihuangti ordered that the walls of the northern Chinese states be connected. This enabled the northern walls to ward offthe attacks of invaders from the north.
• The ancient Chinese used to bury their dead along with porcelain pots, animals and the objects loved most during their lives.
• The Chinese tradition of writing began with pictures and got transformed into an ideographic script. Writers used to write on silk and bamboo slips.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

Ancient Civilizations Of The World Exercises

Complete the following sentences by using suitable words in the blanks:

1. Hieroglyphics are called symbolic language.
2. The kings who ruled Egypt are called Pharaohs
3. The Greeks referred to Mesopotamia as ‘Land between the rivers’
4. The most famous king of the Amorites is Hammurabi.

Class 8 History Ancient Civilizations Of The World KSEEB Notes 

Ancient Civilizations Of The World Answer in brief the following questions:

Question 1. How are ‘mummies’ preserved?
Answer: The dead body would be smeared with various chemicals and wrapped with a thin cloth. The entire body was in this way preserved. The body protected thus was called a ‘mummy’. It would be kept in a specially designed coffin. The grave was considered the true ‘place’ for an Egyptian. Hence all around the dead body, items needed for daily use and small dolls of a cook and barber would be kept to fulfill all future needs.

Question 2. Write a paragraph on the Pyramids.
Answer: Tall towers were built on the graves using huge blocks of stone in order to protect the eternal sleep of the dead. Kings and wealthy people vied with each other to build taller and taller towers. The Greeks called these structures ‘Pyramids’.

Question 3. How was ‘Hwang Ho River’ China’s sorrow?
Answer: The River Hwang Ho which led to the establishment of the Chinese civilization was known as ‘China’s Sorrow’. After the floods, this river changed its course in an unpredictable manner and inundated houses and agricultural lands. It would render all the canals useless. This was the reason the people of that area referred to it as the ‘Symbol of Sorrow’.

Ancient Civilizations Of The World Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. God of Life and Death was
1) Osiris
2) Yama
3) Asura
4)Sphinx
Answer: 1) Osiris

Question 2. The tall towers were called as ‘Pyramids’ by the
1) Romans
2)Greeks
3)Egyptians
4)Africans
Answer: Question) Greeks

Question 3.‘Pharaoh’ means a person who lives in a
1) Palace
2) Pyramid
3) Ziggurat
4) Palatial house
Answer: 4) Palatial house

Question 4. The Persian Emperor who occupied Egypt in the 6th Century was
1)Cambyses
2) Alexander
3) Augustus Caesar
4) Julius Caesar
Answer: 1) Cambyses

KSEEB History Chapter 4 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions 

Question 5. Mesopotamia is an area that lies in a valley between two
1)Mountains
2)Rivers
3)Hills
4)Seas
Answer: 2) Rivers

Question 6. The land which inspires awe and fascination is called the ‘Land between the rivers’ or ‘Mesopotamia’ by
1)Romans
2)Greeks
3)Egyptians
4)Africans
Answer: 2) Greeks

Question 7.The first ones to evolve a system of writing in Mesopotamia was
1) Sumerians
2) Babylonians
3) Assyrians
4) Persians
Answer: 1) Sumerians

Question 8. The northern part of Babylonia was called
1)Akhad
2)Sumer
3)Assyria
4)Egypt
Answer: 1)Akhad

Question 9. The southern part of Babylonia was
1)Akhad
2) Sumer
3) Assyria
4) Egypt
Answer: 2) Sumer

Question 10. The northern part of Mesopotamia was
known as
1)Akhad
2) Sumer
3) Assyria
4) Egypt
Answer: 3) Assyria

Question 11. Some scholars opine that the gardens were created by the queen
1) Sammu-Ramat
2)Amitis
3) Cleopatra
4) Euphra
Answer: 1) Sammu-Ramat

Question 1. The desert God was
1) Osiris
 2)Yama
3) Asura
4) Sphinx
Answer : 3) Asura

Question 13. The river which is referred as the ‘Symbol of Sorrow’ in China is
1) Hwang Ho
2) Sinkiang
3)YangSikiang
4) Ho Hwang Ho
Answer: 1) Hwang Ho

Question 14. The first ruling family of the Chinese civilization was
1) Shang dynasty
2) Chau dynasty
3) Shang dynasty
4) Chou dynasty
Answer: 1) Shang dynasty

Complete the following sentences by using suitable words in the blanks:

1. Egypt was ruled over by an Arabian shepherd tribe called Hyksos
2. The last Egyptian queen was Cleopatra
3. The system of writing, which was developed by Egyptians were Cun eiform
4. The king who created the hanging gardens of Babylonia was Nebuchadnezzar
5. The Jews called Ziggurat as Towers of Babel
6. The rock edicts of Hammurabi have been kept in The Louvre museum of Paris
7. The most famous king of the Amorites was Hammurabi
8. The river helped in the establishment of the Chinese civilization was known as ‘China’s Sorrow’.
9. The Great Wall of China was constructed by Qin Shihuangti

Class 8 History Chapter 4 Guide On Ancient Civilizations Of The World KSEEB 

Ancient Civilizations Of The World Answer The Following Questions In A Sentence Each

Question 1. What is Mummy?
Answer: The entire body of dead was preserved using some chemical. The body protected was called a‘mummy’.

Question 2. What is Ziggurat?
Answer: Nebuchadnezzar got the gardens built in order to console his wife who was missing the beautiful environment of hills, trees and flowers of her motherland was called a ziggurat.

Question 3. Why was Hwang Ho River called the ‘Symbol of Sorrow’?
Answer: After the Hwang Ho River changed its course in an unpredictable manner and inundated houses and agricultural lands. It would render all the canals useless. This was the reason the people of that area referred to it as the ‘Symbol of Sorrow’.

Ancient Civilizations Of The World Answer In Brief The Following Questions

Question 1. Which are the contemporary civilizations of the Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer: The Egyptian civilization. Mesopotamian civilization and Chinese civilization are the contemporary civilizations of the Indus Valley Civilization

Question 2. Which are the sources we have to know about the Egyptian Civilization?
Answer: I-Iuge pyramids, sculptures, temples, and the inscriptions in these temples tell us a lot about Egyptian culture and history

Question 3. What are the contributions of Egyptians to the present world?
Answer: The Egyptians were expert farmers. They knew a lot about irrigation. They had built temples. They invented the calendar which has helped us to measure time. More than anything else, they had mastered the art of writing. It was a symbolic language. It consists of small drawings and has been called hieroglyphics (sacred writings).

Question 4. How was agriculture developed in the Nile Valley?
Answer: Every rainy season, the Nile River would transform the Nile valley into a huge lake. After the valley dried up in summer, a fertile layer of clay soil would form the grazing field and neighboring agricultural lands. The work that would need the labor of hundreds of people was being done by the kind river all alone. This fertile land provided food for the population of the first town in the area. Not all agricultural regions where in the valley. Hence through small canals and wells, they were responsible for the development of a complex system of irrigation throughout the land.

Question 5. How were the dead bodies preserv ed in Egypt?
Answer: The dead body w’ould be smeared with vaiious chemicals and wrapped with a thin cloth. The entire body was in this way preserved. The body protected thus was called a ‘mummy’. It would be kept in a specially designed coffin. The grave was considered the true ‘place’ for an Egyptian. Hence all around the dead body, items needed for daily use and small dolls of a cook and barlier would be kept to fulfill all future needs.

KSEEB Class 8 Ancient Civilizations Of The World Study Materials 

Question 6. The Arabian shepherd tribe did not become popular in Egypt. Why?
Answer: Egypt was ruled over by an Arabian shepherd tribe called Hyksos which attacked it and after defeating it, ruled for Question00 years. They looted the wealth of the natives, and hence did not become popular.

Question 7. How did the Egy pt become a province of Rome?
Answer: The last Egyptian queen, Cleopatra, tried her best to save her country. It was said that the Romans feared her beauty more than her troops. Twice she was successful in her attack upon the hearts of the her Roman conquerors. However, in Question0 B.C.E., Caesar’s successor, his son-in-law, Augustus, did not succumb to her beauty like his father-in-law, but defeated her army, though he spared her life. When he planned to cany her away along with the other spoils of the battle, Cleopatra consumed poison and ended her life. From then onwards, Egypt became a province of Rome.

Question 8. Explain the Hanging Gardens of Babylonia.
Answer: The legendary Hanging Gardens were created on the banks of the river Euphrates around 7th Century B.C.E. This was one of the seven wonders of the Old World. But it is surprising to note that the Babylonian cuneiform records which make a mention of the city, its palaces and its walls, are totally silent about the Hanging Gardens. Most of scholars are of the view that King Nebuchadnezzar II was the one who created the gardens. Nebuchadnezzar’s wife Amitis was from Mead. It is said that Nebuchadnezzar got the gardens built in order to console his wife who was missing the beautiful environment of hills, trees and flowers of her motherland.

Question 9.AnswerWhy did Nebuchadnezzar create hanging gardens of Babylonia?
Answer: Nebuchadnezzar’s wife Amitis was from Mead. It is said that Nebuchadnezzar got the gardens built in order to console his wife who was missing the beautiful environment ofhills, trees and flowers of her motherland.

Question 10. Explain Hammurabi’s code of law.
Answer: Hammurabi’s law enforced the logic of‘An eye for an eye and a tooth for atooth’. Hammurabi’s Law Codes areone among the most ancient of the codes available to us. They were probably written to protect the rights of all sections of Babylonian society, especially women and slaves.

Question 11.AnswerNebuchadnezzar was the greatest king among Egyptian king. Justify.
Answer: Nebuchadnezzar encouraged the study of science.He got the gardens built in order to console his wife who was missing the beautiful environment of hills, trees and flowers of her motherland

Question 12.AnswerWhy did the Egyptian civilization decline?
Answer: The Chaldeans came under the attack of the Persians in the 6th Century B.C.E. Two hundred years later, Alexander transformed this place of the Semitic peoples into a Greek province. After the rulers of the Romans and Turks who followed Alexander, this civilization declined and turned into a wilderness.

Question 13. Write a short note on the Shang kings.
Answer: The first ruling family of the Chinese civilization was the Shang dynasty. It ruled in the period between the 18th century B.C.E and the 12th century B.C.E Under the rule of this dynasty, the people had developed a wonderful culture by the 14th century B.C.E. The Shang dynasty was overpowered by the neighboring Chau dynasty.

Question 14.AnswerWhy was the Great Wall of China constructed?
Answer: The Chinese Empire consisted of many small provinces. Seven big states were created bringing these smaller provinces under them. Every state that was created thus, constructed a wall along its boundary for protection. Emperor Qin Shihuangti ordered that the walls of the northern Chinese states be connected. This enabled the northern walls to ward off the attacks of invaders from the north. The construction of the great wall began in the 7th century B.C.E. and continued till the 16th century. The worn-out parts were repaired and strengthened. When the work was completed it stretched to more than 5000 kilometers. It is one of the seven wonders of the world.