Eswari

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Climate, Soil, Natural Vegetation, And Animals Of Karnataka Points To Remember

The main characteristics of a tropical monsoon climate are hot and moist summers and cool and dry winters. The main reasons for this diversity are the influence of geographical location, oceans, physical features, vegetation, and monsoon winds. The four Climatic seasons of Karnataka are:

1. The summer season (March to May)
2. The rainy season (June to September)
3. The period of Retreating Monsoons (October – November)
4. The winter season(December – February)

• Raichur has recorded a temperature of 4 5.6°C and it is the hottest place in Karnataka.
• Since pre-monsoon showers enable the flowering of coffee plants, they are called ‘Cherry Blossoms’, and since they help the mango crop, they are also known as ‘Mango showers’.
• Agumbe is an area of heavy rainfall. Hence it is called ‘Cheerapunjiof South India’.
• Nayana Hatti near Chellakere in Chitradurga records the lowest rainfall.
• Due to the decrease in temperature and increase in pressure, the North-East Monsoon Season blow from the northeast to the southwest.
• January is the month that records the lowest temperature so it is called ‘The Tourist Month of the State’.
• The minimum temperature recorded is 6.7°C in Belgavi.
• The top thin layer of the earth’s surface is called soil. The soils of Karnataka have been classified into four types:

1. Red soil,
2. Black soil,
3. Laterite soil,
4. Coastal Alluvial soil.

• Red Soil is obtained from the weathering of granite and gneiss.
• Black Soil is formed by the weathering of basalt rocks.
• Laterite Soil is found in areas that receive heavy rainfall and have high temperatures.
• Coastal Alluvial Soil is formed along the coast due to the deposition of alluvium and sediments carried by the rivers and sea waves.
• The various kinds of plants and trees growing naturally are referred to as ‘Natural Vegetation’.
• Sandalwood is a special tree grown in forests of Karnataka so it is known as ‘the Land of Sandalwood’.
• The Natural Vegetation of Karnataka has been classified on the basis of rainfall, relief features, and type of soil. They are:

1. Evergreen forests,
2. Deciduous forests,
3. Mixed Forests and
4. Grasslands and Shrubs.

• Areas receiving more than 250 cms rainfall annually have evergreen forests.
• After winter, due to a lack of moisture in the soil the trees of deciduous forests shed their leaves.
• The growing of evergreen and deciduous trees together forms mixed forests.
• Due to scanty rain and dry weather, there is short grass, thorny shrubs, and scrub vegetation,
• Deltas, estuaries, and beaches in coastal areas have a particular type of vegetation that has aerial roots and can grow in salty water called ‘mangrove forests.
• The deep valleys with streams, rills, etc. have distinct “Shola forests”.
• Uttara Kannada district has the maximum forest area where as Vijayapura district has the least forest area.
• The Sahyadris ranked amongst the hotspots of the world for their bio-diversity. Recently they have been declared a ‘World Heritage Area’.

Climate, Soil, Natural Vegetation, And Animals Of Karnataka Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The months of March to May form the summer season.
2. The season with heavy rainfall is the South-West Monsoon Season/ Rainy Season.
3. Extensive soil found in North Karnataka is Black Soil.
4. The area that has evergreen forests is Areas receiving more than 250 cms rainfall.
5. The district that has a large forest area in Karnataka is Uttara Kannada.

Discuss in groups and answer the following questions.

Question 1. Name the four seasons of Karnataka.
Answer:
The four seasons of Karnataka are:

• The summer season (March to May)
• The rainy season (June to September)
• The period of Retreating Monsoons (October to November)
• The winter season (December to February)

Question 2. Write a note on the rainy season in Karnataka.
Answer: The Rainy Season is also known as the season of South-West Monsoon winds. The We stem Ghats check the moisture-laden winds blowing from the Arabian Sea resulting in heavy rain whereas the eastern maidan remains as the rainshadow area. Agumbe, Bhagamandala, and Hulikal are places of heavy rainfall. Nayakanahatti near Chellakere in Chitradurga records the lowest rainfall. Karnataka receives about 80% of its rainfall.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 KSEEB Climate, Soil, Natural Vegetation, And Animals of Karnataka Notes 

Question 3. Mention the types of soils found in Karnataka.
Answer:
The soils of Karnataka have been classified into four types. They are:

• Red soil
• Black soil
• Laterite soil
• Coastal Alluvial soil

Question 4. Name the types of natural vegetation found in Karnataka.
Answer:
The types of the natural vegetation of Karnataka are:

• Evergreen forests
• Deciduous forests
• Mixed Forests and
• Grasslands and Shrubs.

Question 5. Why is Karnataka known as ‘the Land of Sandalwood5?
Answer: Sandalwood is a special tree grown in forests of Karnataka so Karnataka is known as ‘the Land of sandalwood.

Question 6. Name the wild animals found in our forests.
Answer: Leopards, boar, bison, stag, deer, bear, porcupine, etc are found and a variety of snakes and colorful birds can also be seen in the forests of Karnataka.

Match the following.
        A                                                  B
Adichunchanagiri                     Bird Sanctuary
Mandagadde                            National Forest
Nagarahole                               Deciduous forest
Sandalwood tree                       Peacock Sanctuary
                                                  Red soil
Answer: 
A                                               B
Adichunchanagiri               Peacock Sanctuary
Mandagadde                       Bird Sanctuary
Nagarahole                          National Forest
Sandalwood tree                Deciduous forest

Climate, Soil, Natural Vegetation, And Animals Of Karnataka Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. In the list ‘A* group of geographical features and in list ‘B’ their places are given.
         A                                            B
Hottest place                              Chellakere
Heavy rainfall                              Kodagu
Lowest rainfall                            Raichur
Coolest Place                              Agumbe

Answer:
Hottest place – Raichur
Heavy rainfall – Agumbe
Lowest rainfall – Chellakere
Coolest Place –  Kodagu

Question 2. Agumbe is called‘Cheerapunji ofSouth India’because

1. It is in Assam
2. Of its height
3. It is located in the Western Ghats
4. Of heavy rainfall

Answer: 4. of heavy rainfall

Climate, Soil, Natural Vegetation, And Animals Of Karnataka Class 9 KSEEB Solutions 

Question 3. North-East Monsoon Season blows from the north-east to the southwest due to

1. The decrease in temperature and increase in pressure
2. The increase in temperature and pressure
3. The decrease in temperature and decrease in pressure
4. The increase in temperature and decrease in pressure

Answer: 1. The decrease in temperature and increase in pressure

Question 4. Karnataka receives convectional rain along with lightning and thunder in summer due to

1. The decrease in temperature and decrease in pressure
2. Great evaporation and rain-bearing clouds
3. Moderate temperature and rain-bearing clouds
4. Low temperature and rain-bearing clouds

Answer: 2. Great evaporation and rain-bearing clouds

Question 5. The period which has the uncertain weather condition is

1. The summer season
2. The rainy season
3. The period of Retreating Monsoons
4. The winter season

Answer: 3. The period of Retreating Monsoons

Answer the following question in a sentence each:

Question 1. The pre-monsoons are called ‘Cherry Blossoms’ in Karnataka. Why?
Answer: Since pre-monsoon showers enable the flowering of coffee plants, they are called ‘Cherry Blossoms.

Question 2. Why is the pre-monsoon called ‘Mango Showers’in Karnataka?
Answer: Since they help the mango crop, they are also known as ‘Mango showers’.

Question 3. January is called ‘the Tourist Month of the State’. Why?
Answer: January is the month that records the lowest temperature so it is called ‘the Tourist Month of the State’.

Question 4. How is Red soil formed?
Answer: Red Soil is formed due to the weathering of granite and gneiss.

Question 5. How is Blak soil formed?
Answer: Black soil is formed by the weathering of basalt rocks.

KSEEB Geography Class 9 Chapter 3 Karnataka Nature Invegetation Concepts 

Question 6. How is Laterite soil formed?
Answer: Laterite Soil is found in areas that receive heavy rainfall and have a high temperature.

Question 7. How is Coastal Alluvial soil formed?
Answer: Coastal Alluvial Soil is formed along the coast due to the deposition of alluvium and sediments carried by the rivers and sea waves.

Question 8. What is meant by Natural Vegetation?
Answer: The various kinds of plants and trees growing naturally are referred to as ‘Natural Vegetation’.

Question 9. We find different types of Natural Vegetation in Karnataka. Why?
Answer: We find different types of natural Vegetation in Karnataka because of rainfall, relief features, and type of soil.

Question 10. After winter, the trees of deciduous forests shed their leaves. Why?
Answer: After winter, due to lack of moisture in the soil the trees of deciduous forests shed their leaves.

Question 11. What are mangrove forests?
Answer: Deltas, estuaries, and beaches in coastal areas have a particular type of vegetation that has aerial roots and can grow in salty water called ‘mangrove forests.

Question 12. What is Shola Forest?
Answer: The deep valleys with streams, rills, etc. have distinct “Shola forests”.

Answer the following question in 2-4 sentences each:

Question 1. What are the main characteristics of Tropical monsoon climate?
Answer:
The main characteristics of Tropical monsoon climate are:

• Hot and moist summers
• Cool and dry winters.

Question 2. The annual temperature and distribution of rain are not the same all over Karnataka. Why?
Answer:
The main reasons for this diversity are the influence of:

• Geographical location
• Oceans
• Physical features
• Vegetation
• Monsoon winds

Class 9 Geography Chapter 3 Important Questions KSEEB Karnataka Climate And Soil 

Question 3. Name the different types of soil found in Karnataka.
Answer:
The soils of Karnataka have been classified into four types. They are:

• Red soil
• Black soil
• Laterite soil
• Coastal Alluvial soil

Question 4. Name the different types of Natural Vegetation found in Karnataka.
Answer:
The different types of Natural Vegetation found in Karnataka are:

• Evergreen forests
• Deciduous forests
• Mixed Forests
• Grasslands and Shrubs.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Geography Chapter 1 Our State Karnataka Points To Remember

Karnataka is blessed with diverse relief features, flora and fauna, different types of soil, river systems, minerals, and human resources. The word ‘Karunaf refers to Karnataka in the ancient Tamil work ‘Shilappadikaram’ which means the land on an elevated plateau. On 1st November 1956, the ‘Vishal Mysuru State’ came into being and in 1973 State was renamed Karnataka.

• Aurad taluk in Bidar district in the northernmost tip of the State to Chamarajnagar district in the south.
• Karwar in Uttar Kannada district is at the western end whereas Mulbagal taluk in Kolar district is at the eastern end.
• Karnataka is India’s eighth largest state with an area of 1,91,791 sq. km and the ninth position, with a population of 6,11,30,704.
• Belagavi district is the largest in size, and Bengaluru Urban district is the smallest. Bengaluru is the capital of Karnataka.
• The State has four administrative divisions like Bengaluru, Mysuru, Belagavi, and Kalaburagi

Our State Karnataka Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. We celebrate Kannada Rajyotsava on 1st November.
2. The year in which the State was named Karnataka is 1973 AD.
3. The State to the east of Karnataka is Telangana/Andra Pradesh.
4. The largest district in Karnataka is Belgaum.
5. The total area of Karnataka is 1,91,791 sq. km.

Discuss in groups and answer the following questions.

Question 1. Give the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of Karnataka.
Answer: It extends from 11°-31 ’North to 18°-45l North latitude and 74°-121 East to 78°-40’ East longitude.

Question 2. Name Karnataka’s neighboring states.
Answer: Maharashtra in the north, Andhra Pradesh and Telangana in the east, Tamil Nadu in the south and southeast, Kerala in the southwest, and Goa in the northwest form its frontiers.

Class 9 Geography Chapter 1 KSEEB Our State Karnataka Notes 

Question 3. Which are the four administrative divisions of Karnataka?
Answer:
The four administrative divisions of Karnataka are:

• Bengaluru
• Mysuru
• Belagavi and
• Kalaburagi

Question 4. Explain the geographical location of Karnataka in India.
Answer: It is situated in the southern, part of India, in the Western Central area of the peninsular region. It extends from 110-311 North to 180-451 North latitude and 740-121 East to 780-401 East longitude. Its length is 750 km., stretching from Aurad taluk in Bidar district in the northernmost tip of the State to Chamarajnagar district in the south. Its width is 400 km. from west to east. Karwar in Uttar Kannada district is at the western end whereas Mulbagal taluk in Kolar district is at the eastern end. Karnataka state has both land and water frontiers too.

Our State Karnataka Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The four administrative divisions of Karnataka are

1. Bengaluru, Bellary, Mysore, and Mangalore
2. Mysore, Belgium, Bengaluru, and Gulbarga
3. Bengaluru, Shimoga, Davanagere, and Gulbarga
4. Mysore, Shimoga, Gulbarga, and Bel gaum

Answer: 2. Mysore, Belgium, Bengaluru, and Gulbarga

Question 2. The shape of Karnataka resembles to

1. A Geometrical structure
2. A food grain
3. An animal
4. A seed

Answer: 4. A seed

Question 3. The smallest district in Karnataka is

1. Bangalore Urban
2. Kodagu
3. Bidar
4. Mysore

Answer: 1. Bangalore Urban

Our State Karnataka Class 9 KSEEB Solutions 

Question 4. The capital of Karnataka is

1. Bangalore Urban
2. Bangalore Rural
3. Bidar
4. Mysore

Answer: 1. Bangalore Urban

Our State Karnataka Answer the following questions:

Question 1. Karnataka is a unique state in India Why?
Answer: Karnataka is blessed with diverse relief features, flora and fauna, different types of soil, river systems, minerals, and human resources.

Question 2. How is the word Karnataka derived according to Tamil literary work?
Answer: The word ‘Karunaf refers to Karnataka in the ancient Tamil work ‘Shilappadikaram5 which means the land on an elevated plateau.

Question 3. Name the ending points of Karnataka state in all four directions.
Answer: Aurad taluk in Bidar district in the northernmost tip of the State to Chamarajnagar district in the South. Karwar in Uttar Kannada district is at the western end whereas Mulbagal taluk in Kolar district is at the Eastern end.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Political Science Our Constitution Points To Remember

Rehabilitating the refugees who migrated from Pakistan, the merger of the princely states, and maintenance of law and order are the challenges during the beginning of independence. Sardar Patel successfully achieved the merger of princely states and provinces with the Union of India. A constitution is a set of rules and regulations guiding the administration of a State. The first meeting of the new Constituent Assembly was held on 9th December 1946. Prominent people from Karnataka, S.Nijalingappa, K.C. Reddy, Kengal Hanumanthaiah, Tekur Subramanyam, and others were also present. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee.

• The Indian Constitution was approved on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950, This day (January 26) is celebrated as Republic Day.
• The Preamble is a part of the ‘Objective Resolution’ put forward by Jawaharlal Nehru on December 13, 1946, and approved by the Constituent Assembly on January 22, 1947.
• The Preamble has been described as the ‘Jewel of the Constitution. K. M. Munshi has referred to it as a ‘PoliticalHoroscope’.
• India is a sovereign country and not under the control of any other country in the world.
• To create social equality and promote the welfare of all the people in our country Directive Principles of State Policy has been incorporated in the Constitution through the 42nd amendment.
• The word ‘Secular ’has been incorporated in the Constitution through the 42nd Amendment in 1976.
• Originally, our constitution consisted of 22 chapters, 8 schedules, and 395 Articles. Later, after many amendments, it has become a lengthy constitution with 25 chapters, 12 schedules, and 450 Articles.
• The Executive is responsible to the Legislature at the Central and State levels.
• There are six Fundamental Rights, namely, Right to Liberty, Right to Equality, the Right against Exploitation, the Right to Religion, the Right to Education and Culture, and the Right to Constitutional Remedy are explained.

• 11 Fundamental Duties have been delineated in the ‘A’ part of the 4th Chapter under clause 51 ‘A’ of our Constitution.
• Directive principles of State policy have been incorporated in the 4th schedule of our Constitution.
• The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land, and all high courts and subordinate courts function under it.
• The central Legislature is called Parliament. The Parliament consists of two Houses – the Lower House (Lok Sabha) and the Upper House (Rajya Sabha).
• Dr. B.R. Ambedkar has called the Right to Constitutional remedies ‘the heart and soul’ of the Constitution.
• The Supreme Court is empowered to enforce Fundamental Rights. Hence Right to Constitutional remedies is called ‘The Protector of Fundamental Rights.
• The Directive Principles are socialist and liberal and have been based on Gandhian ideals.

Our Constitution Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The Law which governs the States is Constitution.
2. The meeting of the new Constituent Assembly was held on 9th December 1946.
3. The Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution was Dr. B RAmbedkar.
4. Our Constitution provides for a Federal system of Government.
5. The State where the people enjoy sovereign power is called Sovereign State.
6. Our Constitution provides for Single citizenship to its citizens.
7. The Right to Constitutional Remedies has been incorporated in Article 32.
8. The Directive Principles of State Policy are borrowed from Irish Constitution.

Answer the following questions.

Question 1. Who was the President of the Constituent Assembly?
Answer: Dr. Babu Rajendra Prasad was the President of the Constituent Assembly.

Question 2. When did the Constitution come into force?
Answer: Our Constitution came into force on 26th January 1956.

Our Constitution Class 9 Political Science Notes 

Question 3. What does the Preamble to the Constitution contain?
Answer: The Preamble contains the fundamental policies and ideals of the constitution.

Question 4. What do you mean by ‘Secularism’?
Answer: No religion has been given the status of a National Religion and Citizens have the liberty to practice any religion they desire.

Question 5. Explain the salient features of our Constitution.
Answer:
The salient features of our Constitution are:

• Written and Lengthy Constitution
• Flexible and Rigid Constitution
• Parliamentary Form of Government
• Federal System
• Fundamental Rights
• Fundamental Duties
• Directive Principles of State Policy
• Independent and Centralized Judiciary System
• Single Citizenship
• Adult Franchise
• Bicameral Legislature
• Party System

Question 6. Which are the Fundamental Rights incorporated in our Constitution?
Answer:
The Fundamental Rights incorporated in our Constitution are:

• Right to Equality (Article 14th to 18* )
• Right to freedom (Article 19th to 22nd)
• A Right against Exploitation (Article 23rd to 24th)
• Right to freedom of Religion (Articles 25 to 28th)
• Cultural and Educational rights (Articles 29 to 30th)
• Right to Constitutional Remedies (Article 32nd)

Question 7. Make a List of the Fundamental Duties.
Answer:
The Fundamental Duties are:

• To respect the Constitution, National Flag, and National Anthem.
• To follow the noble ideals that inspired our National Struggle for Freedom.
• To protect the integrity of India.
• To defend the motherland when called upon to do so.
• To promote the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India.
• To preserve our rich heritage.
• To protect and improve the natural environment.
• To develop the scientific temper and the spirit of inquiry.
• To safeguard public property and to abstain from violence.
• To strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activities.
• Parents or guardians should provide an opportunity for education to their children from the age of 6 to 14 years.

Our Constitution Class 9 Textbook Solutions 

Question 8. Which are the Directive Principles of State Policy?
Answer:
The Directive Principles of State Policy are:

• To provide adequate means of livelihood to all citizens.
• To prevent the community’s wealth and resources from becoming the private property of a few people.
• To provide equal pay for equal work to both men and women and to protect labor- welfare.
• To provide public assistance to those who are old, sick and weak, or helpless.
• To implement a Uniform Civil Code throughout the country.
• To provide opportunities for the development of health and preschool education to all children below 6 years.
• To protect historical monuments and maintain places of historical interest.
• To separate the Executive from the Judiciary.

Our Constitution Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1.The person who stated that the Right to Constitutional remedies as ‘the heart and soul’ of the Constitution is

1. Gandhiji
2. Dr. B. RAmbedkar
3. Nehru
4. K M Munshi

Answer: 2. Dr. B. RAmbedkar

Question 2.The Right which is called ‘The Protector of Fundamental Rights’ is

1. Right to Freedom
2. Right against Exploitation
3. Right to Equality
4. Constitutional remedies

Answer: 4. Constitutional remedies

Question 3. The Directive Principles have been based on

1. Gandhian ideals
2. Ambedkar ideals
3. Nehru ideals
4. Munshi ideals

Answer: 1. Gandhian ideals

Question 4. The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on

1. 9 December 1949 A.D
2. 9 December 1946 A.D
3. 9 December 1948 A.D
4. 9 December 1947 A.D

Answer: 2. 9 December 1946 A.D

Class 9 Social Science Our Constitution Answers 

Question 5. The word ‘ Secular’ has been incorporated into the Constitution in the year

1. 1976.
2. 1986
3. 1950
4. 1980

Answer: 1. 1976.

Question 6. The Right which is called the Heart and Soul of Our Constitution is

1. Right to Constitutional remedies
2. Right to freedom of religion
3. Right to freedom
4. Right to equality

Answer: 1. Right to Constitutional remedies

Question 7. K. M. Munshi called the preamble of our Constitution as

1. Jewel of the Constitution
2. Objective Resolution
3. Political Horoscope
4. Indian Horoscope

Answer: 3. Political Horoscope

Question 8. India is a secular country because

1. No religion has been given the status of a Natural Religion.
2. India is a democratic country.
3. India is a Hindu country
4. India is a republic country

Answer: 1. No religion has been given the status of a Natural Religion.

Question 9. The Chairman of the Drafting Committee of our Constitution was

1. Dr. BabuRajendra Prasad
2. Dr. B RAmbedkar
3. C. Rajagopalachari
4. PanditJawahar Lai Nehruh

Answer: 2. Dr. B RAmbedkar

Question 10. The main aim of the directive principle of State policy is

1. To protect people
2. To protect law and order
3. To achieve a welfare state
4. To provide good health

Answer: 3. to achieve a welfare state

Answer the following questions in a sentence each:

Question 1.Why Sardar Patel is called the ‘Iron Man of India’?
Answer: Sardar Patel successfully achieved the merger of princely states and provinces with the Union of India.

Question 2. What is meant by Constitution?
Answer: Constitution is a set of rules and regulations guiding the administration of a State.

Question 3. Why is India called a sovereign country?
Answer: India is a sovereign country and not under the control of any other country in the world.

Class 9 Social Science Chapter 1 Our Constitution Notes 

Question 4. Why was the Constituent Assembly formed?
Answer: The Constituent Assembly formed many Committees to examine in detail all the issues relating to the country.

Question 5. What are Fundamental Duties?
Answer: Fundamental Duties are our responsibilities towards our country.

Question 6. What is writ of Prohibition?
Answer: Prohibition is a prohibitory order issued in a written form by the Supreme Court preventing a subordinate court from trying a case or issuing a judgment in cases beyond the limits of its authority.

Question 7. What is meant by Quo-warranto?
Answer: Quo-warranto is a writ that is issued in order to interrogate in court the person who has occupied a government post without possessing the required qualification for it.

Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences each:

Question 1. What were the challenges India had to face after independence?
Answer: Rehabilitating the refugees who migrated from Pakistan, a merger of the princely states, and maintenance of law and order are the challenges during the beginning of independence.

Question 2. Who represented Karnataka in the constitution assembly?
Answer: The Prominent people from Karnataka, S. Nijalingappa, K.C. Reddy, Kengal Hanumanthaiah, Tekur Subramanyamand others were also present.

Question 3. Why is Indian Constitution considered as largest one?
Answer: Originally, our Constitution consisted of 22 chapters, 8 schedules, and 395 Articles. Later, after many amendments, it has become a lengthy constitution with 25 chapters, 12 schedules, and 450 Articles.

Question 4. A preamble is a unique part of our Constitution. Why?
Answer: The Preamble contains Lie fundamental policies and ideals of the Constitution. It is the sum of the structure, values, principles, and goals of the constitution. It is based on the aspirations and ideals of the people of India.

Question 5. How is the Parliament of India formed?
Answer: The Central Legislature is called Parliament. The Parliament consists of two Houses -the Lower House (Lok Sabha) and the Upper House (Rajya Sabha)

Question 6. Our Constitution is neither too flexible nor too rigid. Why?
Answer: The constitution which can be easily amended is called a flexible or a simple Constitution. Constitutions that have special procedures for amendment are called rigid or comp-heated constitutions. So our Constitution is neither too flexible nor too rigid.

Our Constitution Questions And Answers Class 9 

Question 7. Our Constitution provides for a Federal System of Government. Why?
Answer: Our Constitution provides for a Federal System of Government because our country consists of different languages, castes, races, and geographical regions. Administrative powers are shared by the Central and the State Governments.

Question 8. What are the characteristics of Fundamental Rights?
Answer:
The characteristics of Fundamental Rights are:

• The rights that the Constitution has given to the people are called Fundamental Rights.
• No law of any government Central or state, or any organization can deny these rights.
• If the Fundamental Rights are taken away or endangered, the citizen can directly appeal to the High Court or the Supreme Court.

Question 9. Mention the characteristics of the Judiciary System of India.
Answer:
The characteristics of the Judiciary System are:

• Our judiciary is independent and centralized.
• The courts have the authority to give bold judgments in order to protect the rights of people.
• Neither the legislature nor the executive has the right to interfere with the working of the judiciary.
• The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land, and all high courts and subordinate courts function under it.

Question 10. Why do we need Fundamental Rights?
Answer: Fundamental Rights provide the social and political atmosphere necessary for the development of the personality of citizens. They are required for a person to lead a civilized life in society. They are also essential for the success of a democracy.

Question 11. How are the fundamental rights protected in our Constitution?
Answer:
The Supreme Court can accept the following writ petitions for the protection of citizens’ rights:

• Habeas Corpus
• Mandamus
• Prohibition
• Certiorari

Question 12. How does the writ of Habeas Corpus protect Fundamental Rights?
Answer: When a person is been arrested without a reason, he or anyone else can file this petition on his behalf, asking for his release. The arrested person has to be produced before the court within 24 hours. (This writ petition does not apply to criminal cases.)

Question 13. Why is Mandamus issued by the Supreme Court?
Answer: When an official refuses to exercise his power or discharge his social duties, or when a subordinate court refuses to discharge its duty, the Supreme Court or the High Court can issue a Direction to the concerned asking them to carry out their responsibilities.

Question 14. How does the Supreme Court control the lower court?
Answer: Certiorari is an order issued by the Supreme Court to the lower courts asking them to transfer their cases to the higher courts whenever they try the cases beyond their limits of authority. The Supreme Court also annuls the judgment given by those courts in such cases.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Political Science Chapter 2 The Union Government Points To Remember

England and France have a Unitary System, of Government. India, like the United States of America, has a Federal System of Government. Article 79 provides for the creation of Parliament which consists of two Houses. The Upper House is called Rajya Sabha and the Lower House is called Lok Sabha. The number of seats in the Rajya Sabha is 250, of which 238 members are elected by the members of the State Assemblies and Union Territories. This member The remaining 12 members, who are experts from various fields like literature, art, science, and social work are nominated by the President.

• The Rajya Sabha is a permanent body and is not dissolved like the Lok Sabha.
• The Vice-President is the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. The Deputy Chairman is chosen from among the members.
• The members of the Lok Sabha are elected directly by the people, so, it is known as the House of People.
• There is a provision for the members to elect from among themselves a Speaker and a Deputy Speaker.
• The Council of Ministers can be in power only as long as they enjoy the trust of the Parliament.
• Lok Sabha exercises total control over the financial matters of the country.
• Both the Houses of Parliament has the authority to remove the President as well as the judges of the Supreme Court and the High Court through a Motion of Impeachment.
• The Union Executive consists of the President, the Prime Minister, and his Council of Ministers. The President is the head of the Executive only in name, whereas the Prime Minister and his Cabinet form the actual Executive.
• Articles 54 and 55 of the Constitution stipulate the way the President should be elected.
• The President is elected by an electoral college of elected members of both Houses of Parliament, all elected members of the legislative assemblies of all States, New Delhi, and Pondicherry.
• When The President goes against the Constitution, he can be removed from office by the Parliament through a Motion of Impeachment.
• Based on the written recommendation of the Union Cabinet, the President can declare an Emergency on three occasions:

1. Under Article 352 – National Emergency.
2. Under Article 356 – State Emergency.
3. Under Article 360 – Financial Emergency.

• The Constitution has provided for a Council of Ministers with the Prime Minister as its Head to assist and advise the President in the administration of the country.

The Union Government Class 9 Political Science Notes 

The Union Government Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. India is a Union of States.
2. The Union Legislature is called Parliament.
3. The Chairman of the Rajya Sabha is the Vice President.
4. One has to complete 25 years to become a member of the Lok Sabha.
5. The Commander in Chief of the three Armed Forces is the President.
6. The process for electing the President is explained under Articles 54 and 55 of the Constitution.
7. The Chairman of the Union Public Service Commission is appointed by The President.

Answer the following questions.

Question 1. Name the two Houses of Parliament.
Answer: The Upper House is called Rajya Sabha and the Lower House is called Lok Sabha.

Question 2. Explain the composition of the Rajya Sabha.
Answer: The number of seats in the Rajya Sabha is 250, of which 238 members are elected by the members of the State Assemblies and Union Territories. This member The remaining 12 members, who are experts from various fields like literature, art, science, and social work are nominated by the President.

Question 3. What are the qualifications needed to become a member of the Lok Sabha?
Answer:
Qualifications of the Members of the Lok Sabha are:

• Should be a citizen of India.
• Must not be less than 25 years of age.
• Should not hold any office of profit under the Government.
• Should not be a person of unsound mind.
• Should not have been punished under the law.
• Should possess qualifications as specified by Parliament from time to time.

Question 4. Explain the election process for the post of President.
Answer: Articles 54 and 55 of the Constitution stipulate the way the President should be elected. The President is elected by an electoral co-liege of elected members of both Houses of Parliament, all elected members of the legislative assemblies of all States, New Delhi, and Pondicherry.

The Union Government Class 9 Textbook Solutions 

Question 5. List out the powers of the Prime Minister.
Answer:
The powers of the Prime Minister are:

1. Appointment and Removal of Ministers, and Allocation of Portfolios

• The Prime Minister recommends to the President the appointment of Ministers to the Council of Ministers.
• He also allocates the various portfolios among the Ministers
• He can remove controversial ministers

2. Head of Government:

• The Prime Minister is responsible for all actions of the Government.
• He coordinates the activities of the various Ministers.
• He takes a greater interest in framing policies related to planning, defense, and foreign affairs.

3. Head of Union Cabinet:

• The meetings of the Union Cabinet are held under the Chairmanship of the Prime Minister.
• All discussions of issues of national and international importance are discussed and decisions are taken under his chairmanship.
• He is the link between the President and the Cabinet.

Question 6. Explain the composition of the Union Cabinet and its responsibilities.
Answer: The Union Cabinet is the real Executive, and has Ministered in two hierarchies. The first one is the Cabinet level and the second is the Ministers of State.

The Cabinet has two kinds of responsibilities

• The Minister of every department is responsible for the administration of his department.
• He has individual responsibility for the success or failure of his department.
• The Union Cabinet has a collective responsibility to the Parliament with regard to the decisions and policies taken by it.

The Union Government Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The Rajyasabha is a permanent house because

1. It cannot be dissolved like the Loksabha.
2. The term of Rajyasabha is 6 years.
3. The member of the Rajya Sabha is elected by the member of the State Assembly.
4. The member of the Rajya Sabha is elected by the people.

Answer: 1. It cannot be dissolved like the Loksabha.

Question 2. Article 52 of our constitution deals

1. The post of the President
2. The election of Prime Minister
3. The chief ministers of states
4. The council of ministers

Answer: 1. The post of the President

Question 3. In list, ‘A’ group of elected members, and in list ‘B’ the age required to stand in the elections is given.
        A                                              B
Rajya Sabha Members               25 years
Lok Sabha Members                  35 years
Panchayat Members                  30 years
Vice President                            21 years
Answer:
Rajya Sabha Members – 30 years
Lok Sabha Members   –  25 years
Panchayat Members   –  21 years
Vice President             –  35 years

Class 9 Social Science The Union Government Answers 

Question 4. The Article which provides a provision to establish Parliament is

1. Article 79
2. Article 54
3. Article 55
4. Article 75

Answer: 1. Article 79

Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences each:

Question 1. What are the characteristics of the Federal Government?
Answer: Federal System of Government means there is a Union Government at the Centre and State Governments in the States. The powers of the nation are divided between the Centre and the States. However, the Central Government has been given more powers in view of the unity and security of the nation. It exercises these powers through the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary.

Question 2. What are the qualifications required to become a member of Rajyasabha?
Answer:
The Qualifications required to become a Member of the Rajya Sabha are:

• Should be a citizen of India.
• Should not be less than 30 years of age.
• Should not have been punished under the law.
• Should not have been declared to be a person of unsound mind by a court of law.
• Should possess the qualifications specified from time to time by the Parliament.

Question 3. How is the House of People formed?
Answer: The members of the Lok Sabha are elected directly by the people, so, it is known as the House of People. The maximum number of seats is 545. 543 members are directly elected by the people. Whereas two Anglo-Indians are nominated by the President. 79 seats are reserved for Scheduled Castes and 41 seats are reserved for Scheduled Tribes.

Question 4. Mention the main functions of the Lok Sabha Speaker.
Answer:
The main functions of Lok Sabha are:

• The Speaker has to impartially conduct the proceedings of the House.
• He should maintain the dignity and decorum of the House.
• When bills get an equal number of votes for and against them, the Speaker casts the deciding vote.

Question 5. Why do we need an Opposition leader in Lok Sabha?
Answer:
The opposition leader of Lok Sabha plays a very important role in the:

• Highlight the wrongdoings of the ruling government.
• Examine thoroughly the policies of the government.
• Keep the government, council of ministers and officials alert.
• Enjoys dignity in the legislature.

Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2 The Union Government Notes 

Question 6. Which are the functions and powers of the parliament?
Answer:
The functions and powers of the parliament are:

• Legislative powers
• Administrative powers
• Financial powers
• Judicial powers
• Power to amend Constitution

Question 7. What are the other powers of Parliament?
Answer:
The other powers of Parliament are:

• To frame laws relating to the powers and jurisdiction of the Supreme Court and the High Courts.
• To establish one High Court for two or more States.
• To create new States, rename them, or determine the boundaries of States.
• To discuss the reports of committees like the Public Services Commission, Finance Commission, Election Commission, Backward Classes Commission, etc.
• To approve the declaration of Emergencies like National Emergencies, State emergencies, and Financial emergencies.

Question 8. What are the qualifications required to become the President of India?
Answer:
The qualifications required to become the President of India are:

• He should be a citizen of India.
• He should have completed the age of 3-5 years.
• He should be qualified for election as a Member of the Lok Sabha.
• He should not hold any office of profit under the Government.

Question 9. Mention the Powers of the President of India.
Answer:
The Powers of the President of India are:

• Executive Powers
• Legislative Powers
• Judicial Powers
• Financial Powers
• Military Powers
• Emergency Powers
• Emergency Powers

Question 10. Which are the Emergency powers of the President of India?
Answer:
Based on the written recommendation of the Union Cabinet, the President can declare an Emergency on three occasions

• Under Article 352 – National Emergency
• Under Article 3 56 — State Emergency
• Under Article 3 60 – Financial Emergen

The Union Government Questions And Answers Class 9 

Question 11. What are the discretionary powers of the President?
Answer:
The President can exercise certain powers without waiting for the approval of the Union Cabinet. They are:

• He may invite the leader of any party to form the government when no single party has got a majority after an election.
• When the Parliament approves a Bill and sends it to him for assent, he may return the Bill for reconsideration.
• He may dissolve the Lok Sabha on the recommendation of the Prime Minister.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Political Science Chapter 3  State Government Points To Remember

The State Legislature (Vidhana Mandala) is composed of the Governor and the two Houses namely Legislative Council (Vidhana Parishat) and Legislative Assembly (Vidhana Sabha). The Vidhana Sabha in Karnataka has 225 members where 224 members are elected and one Anglo-Indian is non-unated by the Governor. The members of the Legislative Assembly (Vidhana Sabha) are elected for a term of 5 years. However, the Assembly may be dissolved before the expiry of the Ml term on the recommendation of the Cabinet. The Speaker and the Deputy Speaker are elected from among the elected Members of the Assembly.

• The Speaker has the functions of maintaining the peace, dignity, and decorum of the House, summoning and postponing the meetings, safeguarding the rights of the Members, and casting the decisive vote when bills receive an equal number of votes supporting and opposing them.
• The Legislative Assembly has the power to frame laws relating to the subjects mentioned in the State List and the Concurrent List.
• The Finance Bill has to be first presented in the Legislative Assembly, and only then in the Legislative Council.
• The elected members of the Legislative Assembly have the power to elect the President, Members of the Rajya Sabha and Legislative Council, Speaker, and Deputy Speaker of the Assembly.

• Legislative Council’s members represent 5 fields members of the Legislative Assembly, Local Bodies, Graduates Constituencies, and Teacher’s Constituencies, and The Governor nominates some members.
• The State Executive comprises the Governor, the Chief Minister, and the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet).
• The President nominates the Governor on the recommendation of the Prime Minister and his Cabinet.
• The Governor is the Executive Head and appoints the Chief Minister and the other Ministers on the advice of the chief minister.
• The Governor has the power to pardon those who have been convicted and reduce, postpone or change the punishment given to criminals.
• The Chief Minister is the Head of the State Government. The success or failure of the State Government depends on his personal charm.

State Government Class 9 Political Science Notes 

State Government Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. The Union of India comprises 29 States and 6 Union Territories.
2. The One nominates one Anglo-Indian to the State Legislative Assembly.
3. The Karnataka Legislative Council comprises 75 Members.
4. The State Cabinet, comprising the Chief Minister and the Council of Ministers is the real Executive.
5. The Governor is appointed by the President.
6. The State Advocate General is appointed by the Governor.

Answer the following questions with group discussion.

Question 1. Explain the structure of the Legislative Assembly.
Answer: The strength of the Vidhana Sabha depends on the population of the State. The strength of the Vidhana Parishat is of the members of the Vidhana Sabha. The maximum number of seats in any Vidhana Sabha should not exceed 500 or be below 60. The Vidhana Sabha in Karnataka has 225 members.224 members are elected whereas one Anglo-Indian is nominated by the Governor.

Question 2. Which fields are represented by the members of the Legislative Council?
Answer: The number of members of the Karnataka Legislative Council is 75. These members represent 5 fields. Some are elected from among the Members of the Legislative Assembly, Local Bodies, Graduate Constituencies, and Teacher’s Constituencies. The Governor nominates some Members who are experts in the fields of art, literature, education, social service, science, etc.

Question 3. What are the qualifications and the term of office of the Governor?
Answer:
1. The qualifications of the Governor are:

• Should be a citizen of India.
• Should not be less than 35 years of age.
• Should not hold any office of profit under the Government.
• Should not be a Member of either Parliament or State Legislature.
• If he is a Member of either, he should resign from that post when he is appointed as the governor.

2. The term of office of the governor is 5 years.

Question 4. Write a short note to the Chief Minister.
Answer: The Chief Minister is the Head of the State Government. The success or failure of the State Government depends on his personal charm. He is the repository of all the power of the State. He is the Head of the Council of Ministers, the Legislature, and the Leader of the majority party in the government. The Chief Minister should be a member of any one of the two Houses. If he is not a Member of either House he has to become the Member of any one House within six months.

State Government Class 9 Textbook Solutions 

State Government Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. Which one among the following is NOT a function of the Executive Head of the State Government?

1. Appointment of Chief Minister
2. Appointment of Council of Minister
3. Appointment of Vice-Chancellor
4. Appointment of the Governor of the State

Answer: 4. Appointment of the Governor of the State

Question 2. The term of the governor’s office is

1. 6 years
2. 4 years
3. 5 years
4. 12 years

Answer: 3. 5 years

Question 3. The Upper House of the state legislature is called

1. Vidhana Parishat
2. Vidhana Sabha
3. Vidhana Mandala
4. Vidhana Home

Answer: 1. Vidhana Parishat

Question 4. The strength of Mizoram and Goa assemblies is

1. 40 members
2. 45 members
3. 50 members
4. 30 members

Answer: 1. 40 members

Class 9 Social Science State Government Answers 

Question 5. The success or failure of the State Government depends on the personal charm of

1. Governor
2. Prime Minister
3. chief minister
4. President

Answer: 3. Chief Minister

Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences each:

Question 1. What are the functions of the Speaker of the Lower house?
Answer:
The functions of the Speaker of the Lower house are:

• He has the function of maintaining the peace, dignity, and decorum of the House.
• Summoning and postponing the meetings
• Safeguarding the rights of the Members,
• Casting the decisive vote when bills receive an equal number of votes supporting and opposing them.

Question 2. What are the main powers and functions of the Legislative Assembly?
Answer:
The powers and functions of the Legislative Assembly are:

• Legislative powers
• Financial powers
• Administrative powers
• Electoral powers
• Other powers

Question 3. What are the other powers of the Legislative Assembly?
Answer: The Members of the Legislative Assembly discuss bills passed by the Parliament when the need arises. The reports of the State Public Service Commission and other reports are discussed in the Legislative Assembly.

Class 9 Social Science Chapter 3 State Government Notes 

Question 4. What are the Qualifications required to become a member of the legislative council?
Answer:
The Qualifications required to become the M.L.C are:

• Should be a citizen of India.
• Should have completed 30 years of age.
• Should possess all qualifications required for an M.L.A.

Question 5. Which are the main powers of the Legislative Council?
Answer:
The Powers of the Legislative Council are:

1. Legislative powers
2. Financial powers
3. Administrative powers
4. Discretionpowers

Question 6. What are the financial powers of the Legislative Council?
Answer:
The Financial powers of the Legislative Council are:

• The Legislative Assembly has greater powers over finance than the Legislative Council which can only withhold a finance bill for 14 days.
• If it does not return the bill after 14 days, it is understood that both Houses have approved the bill and it is sent to the Governor for his assent.

Question 7. How is the State Executive formed?
Answer: The State Executive comprises the Governor, the Chief Minister, and the Council of Ministers (the Cabinet). Though the Governor is the Constitutional Head, the Council of Ministers with the Chief Minister as its Head is the real executive authority. The Governor can exercise his authority either directly or through his appointed officials.

Question 8. What are the discretionary powers of the Governor?
Answer: The Governor uses his discretionary powers while appointing the Chief Minister of the State. He may also withhold the bill passed by the legislature and send it to the President, recommend to the President to declare an emergency in the State, dismiss the Cabinet or dissolve the Legislative Assembly.

State Government Questions And Answers Class 9 

Answer the following questions in Six sentences each:

Question 1. List out the qualifications required to become a Legislative Assembly member.
Answer:
The qualifications for a Legislative Assembly member are:

• Should be a citizen of India.
• Should have completed 25 years of age.
• Should not be employed in any office of profit of the Government.
• Should not have been punished by any court.
• Should not be of unsound mind.
• Should not be insolvent.
• Should possess the qualifications as decided by the Parliament from time to time.

Question 2. Explain the powers and functions of the Governor.
Answer:
The powers and functions ofGovemor are:

1. Executive powers :

• The Governor appoints the Chief Minister and the other Ministers
• He also appoints the Chairman of the State Public Service Commission, the Vice-Chancellors for all the Universities in the State, and other officials.

2. Legislative powers:

• The Governor has the power to summon, postpone or dissolve the Assembly on the advice of the Chief Minister.
• He nominates one person to the Assembly and a few members to the Legislative Council.
• He may approve or withhold a bill approved by the Legislature.

3. Financial powers:

• The Finance Bill cannot be presented in the Legislative Assembly without the permission of the Governor.
• The Governor appoints the State Finance Commission and Planning Commission.

4. Judicial powers:

• The Governor pardons those who have been convicted and reduced, postpones, or changes the punishment given to criminals.
• He appoints the StateAdvocate General and District Judges

Question 3. What are the functions of the State Council of Ministers?
Answer:
The functions of the State Council of Ministers are:

• It decides the Government’s policies.
• It prepares the State budget and presents it in the legislature.
• It advises the Governor in matters of appointment of the Chairman of the State Public Service Commission, its Members, the Lokayukta, etc.
• Each Minister has to ensure the efficient working of his Department.
• It has to co-ordinate and supervises the working of different departments.

Class 9 State Government Short Answers 

Question 4. List the functions and powers of the Chief Minister.
Answer:
The main functions and powers of the Chief Minister are:

1. He prepares the list of ministers.
2. He allocates Portfolios to the Ministers.
3. He has the power to remove those Ministers
4. He plays a very important role in the formulation of policies.
5. He can summon or postpone its meetings.
6. He has the power to co-ordinate and supervises the working of all Departments.
7. He has the power to dissolve the Legislative Assembly before the expiry of its term.
8. He acts as the link between the Governor and the Council of Ministers.
9. He acts as an advisor to the Governor with regard to nominations to many posts

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 2  Physiographic Divisions Of Karnataka Points To Remember

Karnataka is divided into three important physical divisions on the basis of structure and relief They are:
1. The Coastal Plain
2. The Malnad region and
3. The Maidan region. The coastal plains lie between the Arabian Sea and the Malnad region. It is called the ‘Canara or the Karnataka Coastline’. The coastline extends to 320 km from Mangaluru in the south to Karwar in the north. ‘NewMangaluru’ is a major part inKamataka and other Bhatkala, Malpe, Karwar, Kumta, Belekere, and Honnavar fishing ports.

• St. Mary’s Island (Coconut Island), near Malpe, Anja near Karwar and Devgadh, and Kanjigudda islands are notable.
• Dakshina Kannada, Udupi, and Uttarakarmada are the coastal districts of Karnataka.
• The Western Ghats in Karnataka are referred to as Malnad or the land of hills. They are also called the Sahyadris.
• The highest peaks in the Malnad region are Mullaiyanagiri, Kudremukh, Kalhattagiri, Rudragiri, and Deveerammanagudda in the Cbikkamagaluru district.
• Mullaiyanagiri (1913 meters) is the highest peak in the State.
• The important mountain passes in the Malnad region are:

1. Charmadi Ghat
2. ShiradiGhat
3. Agumbe Ghat
4. Hulikal Ghat

• The Jog falls (Sharavathi river), is the highest waterfall in India and other prominent water fells are the Unchalli, Magod, Gokak, Shivanasamudra and Abbey fall.
• Since coffee is grown widely in Chikkamagaluru, it is. called ‘The Land of Coffee’.
• Kodagu district is known as the ‘Kashmir of Karnataka’ because of its cool weather.
• The Maidan Region has land sloping towards the east, rising in height from north to south. The maidan can be divided into two parts:

1. The Northern maidan
2. The Southern maidan.

• The Northern maidan is a vast plain land with black soil.
• The most important waterfalls of The Northern maidan region are Gokak falls, Chayabhagavathi and So gala.
• The districts of Bidar, Vijayapura, Kalaburagi, Yadgiri, Gadag, Koppal, Raichur, Ballari, Haveri, Bagalkot, and some parts of Dharwad and Belagavi districts are located in the northern maidan.
• The Southern maidan area extends from the Tungabhadra river basin in the north to the Chamrajnagar district in the south with abundant red soil.
• The Cauvery, P alar, and P Lennar are the important rivers flowing through the Southern maidan region.

KSEEB Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Notes 

Physiographic Divisions Of Karnataka Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The island which is located near Malpe is St. Mary’s Island (Coconut Island).
2. The Ghat which is called Sahyadris is the Western Ghats.
3. Agumbe Ghat links Shivamogga and Udupi.
4. The district which is known as the Kashmir of Karnataka is Kodagu.

Discuss in groups and answer the following questions:

Question 1. Mention the important physical divisions of Karnataka.
Answer:
Karnataka can be divided into three important physical divisions:

• The Coastal Plain
• The Malnad region and
• The Maidan region

Question 2. Write a note on the relief features of the Malnad region.
Answer:
The relief features of the Malnad region are:

• The Western Ghats in our state are referred to as Malnad or the land of hills.
• Malnad runs parallel to the coastline from north to south.
• They have steep terrace-like slopes in the west and gentle slope to the east.
• They are 650 km in length and 50-76 km in width.
• The height ranges from 900 to 1500 meters from sea level.
• These hills obstruct the rain-bearing winds from the Arabian Sea and cause heavy rains often more than 200 cm.
• It has many highest hills in Chikkamagalure like Mullaiyanagiri, Kudremukh, Kalhattagiri, Rudragiri, and Deveerammanagudda.

Physiographic Divisions Of Karnataka Class 9 Summary 

Question 3. Give an account of the coastal plains of Karnataka.
Answer: Karnataka acquired the sea coast and coastal plains as part of its territory. This physical division lies between the Arabian Sea and the Malnad region. The coastline extends to 320 km from Mangaluru in the south to Karwar in the north. Its width varies from 12 to 64 km. It is broad in the south and becomes narrow (with steep slopes) towards the north. Its height is more than 200 meters above sea level. It is called the ‘Canara or the Karnataka Coastline’.Many fast-flowing rivers cut through the coastal areas are formed by sea erosion. There are many ports along the coastline. Among them, ‘New Mangaluru’ is the major port in Karnataka.Bhatkala, Malpe, Karwar, Kumta, Belekere and Honnavara are fishing ports.Many beautiful beaches are formed along the sea coast, attracting tourists.

Question 4. Name the main hills of Southern maidan.
Answer: The main hills ofSouthem maidan are Chitradurga hills, Narayana Durga, Savanadurga, and Shivaganga in Bengaluru rural district, Madhugiri hill in Tumakuru district is the biggest ‘monolith hill’ in Asia, Nandi hills, Chennakeshava hill, Kavaledurga, and Skandagiri hill (Harihareswara hill) inChikkaballapura district, Adichunchanagiri hills in Mandya district, Biligirirangana hills, Malemadeswara hill, Hamid Gopala Swamy hills in Chamarajanagar district, Chamundi hills in Mysuru district are prominent.

Question 5. Mention the mountain passes in the Western Ghats.
Answer:
The mountain passes in the Western Ghats are:

• Charmadi Ghat – It links Mangaluru and Chikkamagaluru.
• Shiradi Ghat – It links Hassan – Sakleshpur, and Mangaluru.
• Agumbe Ghat – It links Shivamogga and Udupi.
• Hulikal Ghat – It links Shivamogga and Kundapur.

Physiographic Divisions Of Karnataka Match the following:

     A                                          B
Jog falls                                Mangaluru
Om beach                             Northern maidan
Nandi hill station                 Sharavati River
Monolith  hill                        Gokarna
Land of sunshine                  Chikballapur
                                               Madhugiri
Answer:
     A                                             B
Jog falls                                 Sharavati River
Om beach                              Gokarna
Nandi hill station                   Chikballapur
Monolith hill                         Madhugiri
Land of sunshine                    Northern maidan

Physiographic Divisions of Karnataka Class 9 Textbook Solutions 

Physiographic Divisions Of Karnataka Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The group of ports found in the cost of Karnataka is

1. Karwar, Mangalore, Bhatkal, and Malpe ports
2. Karwar, Mangalore, Navaseva, and Malpe ports
3. Karwar, Navaseva, Haldia and Malpe ports
4. Paradeep, Navaseva, Haldia, and Malpe ports

Answer: 1. Karwar, Mangalore, Bhatkal, and Malpe ports

Question 2. The highest peak in Karnataka is

1. Kodachadri
2. Kudremukh
3. Kalhattagiri
4. Mullaiyanagiri

Answer: 1. Kodachadri

Question 3. The Coastline of Karnataka is called

1. Canara Coast
2. Konkan Coast
3. Coromandel Coast
4. Utkal Coast

Answer: 1. Canara Coast

Question 4. Chikkamagalur is known as

1. Kashmir of Karnataka
2. Land of oranges
3. The Land of Coffee
4. The Manchester of Karnataka

Answer: 3. The Land of Coffee

Class 9 Social Science Physiographic Divisions Of Karnataka Answers 

Question 5. The place which is called ‘Land of Orange’ is

1. Kodagu
2. Chikkamangalore
3. Hassan
4. Shimoga

Answer: 1. Kodagu

Answer the following question in a sentence each:

Question 1. Why do rivers rise in the west and follow eastward?
Answer: The land slopes slightly towards the east and steeply towards the west.

Question 2. The Malnad Region is also called Ghats. Why?
Answer: The Malnad Region is also called Ghats because they have steep terrace-like slopes in the west and gentle slope to the east. Hence they are called Ghats.

Question 3. Why do people visit the Malnad region in large numbers?
Answer: Malnad region is a major tourist attraction since this region receives heavy rainfall which helps in the formation of attractive hill resorts covered with dense evergreen forests.

Question 4. Chikkamagaluru is called ‘The Land of Coffee’. Why?
Answer: Chikkamagaluru is called ‘The Land of Coffee’ because it is the largest producer of coffee in Karnataka.

Question 5.Why Kodagu district is known as the ‘Kashmir of Karnataka’?
Answer: Kodagu district is known as the ‘Kashmir of Karnataka’ because of its cool weather.

Class 9 Social Science Chapter 2 Physiographic Divisions Notes 

Question 6. Kodagu is also referred to as the ‘Land of Oranges’. Why?
Answer: As oranges are grown abundantly in the Kodagu district, it is also referred to as the ‘Land of Oranges’.

Question 7. The Northern Maidan is called the ‘Land of Sunshine. Why?
Answer: Northern Maidan region is very hot in summer so it is called the ‘land of sunshine.

Answer the following question in 2-4 sentences each:

Question 1. The Canara coast of Karnataka plays a very important role in economic development. Justify.
Answer:
Canara coast is very famous in Karnataka due to the following reasons:

• It has many beautiful beaches which attract tourists.
• It lias some small islands located near the sea- coast which are tourist centers
• It is best suitable for Fishing and Agriculture.

Question 2. Why does es Main ad region get heavy rainfall?
Answer: Malnad region gets heavy rainfall because the height ranges from 900 to 1500 meters from sea level. These hills obstruct the rain-bearing winds from the Arabian Sea and cause heavy rains often more than 200 cm.

Physiographic Divisions Of Karnataka Questions And Answers Class 9 

Question 3. Which are the districts located in the Northern Maidan?
Answer: The districts of Bidar, Vijayapura, Kalaburagi, Yadgiri, Gadag, Koppal, Raichur, Ballari, Haveri, Bagalkot and some parts of Dharwad and Belagavi districts are located in the Northern maidan.

Question 4. Name the main hills of the Northern Maidan.
Answer: Naragund hill, Parasagada Gudda, Gurumitkalgudda, and Ilkal Gudda are the main hills of the Northem maidan.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Water Resources Of Karnataka Points To Remember

The rivers of Karnataka can be divided into two groups East following rivers and West-flowing rivers. The Krishna, the Cauvery, the Pennar, and Palar Rivers flows eastwards and join the Bay of Bengal. The Krishna is the second important river of South India which has tributaries like the Bhima, Koyna, Tungabhadra, Ghataprabha, and Malaprabha. The Cauvery which originates at Talacauvery in Kodagu district is known as ‘Dakshina Ganga’.

• The Hemavathi, Harangi, Lokapavani, Arkavathi, Shimsha, Lakshmanatirtha, Kapila, Suvamavati, and Bhavani are important tributaries.
• The Pennar and Palar rivers flow through the districts of Kolar, Tumakuru, and Bengaluru, and then enter Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu.
• Sharavathi, Kali, Gangavali (Bedti), Netravathi, Varahi, Aghanashini, etc are the west-flowing rivers.
• Jog Falls on the Sharavati river is the highest waterfall in India (293 meters).
• The artificial supply of water for agriculture is called irrigation.
• The main sources of irrigation are wells, canals, and tanks.
• The wells dug in Kalaburagi district during the 11th century, the Tungabhadra canals of the time of the Vijayanagar Empire, Vanivilasagar, and the Krishnarajasagar dam constructed by the Mysuru kings are milestones in the development of irrigation in Karnataka.
• Raichur district has the largest area under canal irrigation.
• Tank irrigation is maximum in Shivamogga district, whereas Belagavi district has the maximum well irrigation facilities.
• The hydroelectric power station at Shivanasamudrawas established in 1902 to supply power to the Kolar gold mines.
• The Mahatma Gandhi hydroelectric power station was established in 1947 near Jog Falls on the Sharavathi River to fulfill the increased demand for hydroelectric power.

Water Resources Of Karnataka Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words

1. The Cauvery river takes its birth at Talacauvery of Kodagu district.
2. The famous Jog Falls is produced by the Sharavati River.
3. The Krishnarajasagar dam is in the Mandya district.
4. The first hydroelectric power generating station in Karnataka is Shivanasamudra.
5. The Almatti dam has been constructed across the Krishna river.

Discuss in groups and answer the following questions.

Question 1. Name the important rivers of Karnataka.
Answer: The Krishna, Cauvery, Pennar, and Palar rivers flow eastwards and join the Bay of Bengal. The Sharavathi, Kali, Gangavali (Bedti), Netravathi, Varahi, Aghanashini, etc flow westwards and join the Arabian Sea.

KSEEB Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 Notes 

Question 2. Write a short note on river Krishna.
Answer: The Krishna is the second most important river in South India. It takes birth at Mahabaleshwar and flows 1,392 km eastwards to join the Bay of Bengal. But it flows for only 480 km. through Karnataka. The Bhima, Koyna, Tungabhadra, Ghataprabha, and Malaprabha are its tributaries. Irrigation and hydroelectric power generation from the Krishna river system have benefited Northern Karnataka.

Question 3. Which are the tributaries of the Cauvery River?
Answer: The Hemavathi, Harangi, Lokapavani, Arkavathj, Shimsha, Lakshmanatirtha, Kapila, Suvamavati, and Bhavani are the tributaries of the Cauvery River.

Question 4. Name the different sources of irrigation in Karnataka.
Answer: The main sources of irrigation are wells, canals, and tanks.

Question 5. Mention the main hydroelectric power stations of our state.
Answer: The main hydro-electric power projects of Karnataka are Shivanasamudra, Shimsha (on the Cauvery river), Sharavathi, Linganamakki, Gerusoppa and Mahatma Gandhi hydropower station (on the Sharavathi river), Supa, Nagajhari, Kadra andKodasalli (on Kali river), Varahi and MariKanive (on Varahi river), Bhadra, Tungabhadra, Ghataprabha and Alamatti (on Kristina river).

Question 6. Write a brief note on river water disputes.
Answer: The Cauvery water dispute and the Krishna water disputes in Karnataka are of this kind. The catchment area of the river Cauvery is spread in Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Puducherry. The river water dispute between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu is more than a century old, yet it is a burning issue even today. The river Krishna flows through different states, Maharashtra, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. This has given rise to river water disputes.

Water Resources Of Karnataka Match the following:

            A                                                           B
Linganamakki dam                            Hydro-electric project
Gaganachukki, Bharachukki             River
Vani Vilas Sagar                                 Kali river
Nangarhar                                          Cauvery river
Pennar                                                 Sharavathi
Marikanive                                            

Answer: 
A                                                        B
Linganamakki dam                        Sharavathi
Gaganachukki, Bharachukki          Cauvery river
Vani Vilas Sagar                             Marikanive
Nagajhari                                       Hydro-electric project
Pennar                                            River

Water Resources Of Karnataka Class 9 Summary 

Water Resources Of Karnataka Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The river which is known as ‘Dakshina Ganga’ is

1. Krishna
2. Tungabhadra
3. Cauvery
4. Sharavathi

Answer: 3. Cauvery

Question 2. Which one among the following groups of dams is in Karnataka?

1. Alamatti, Tungabhadra, Hemavathi and Harangi dam
2. Alamatti, Tungabhadra, Hemavathi and Nagarjuna dam
3. Alamatti, Tungabhadra, Kosi and Nagarjuna dam
4. Bhakra-Nangal, Tunggabhadra, Hemavathi and Nagarjuna dam

Answer: 1. Alamatti, Tungabhadra, Hemavathi and Harangi dam

Question 3. Which one among the following is wrongly matched?

1. VaniviUasSagar- Varahi River
2. LinganamakkiDam- Sharavathi River
3. Shivanasamudra- Shimshal River
4. Alamatti – Tungabhadra River

Answer: 4. Alamatti – Tungabhadra River

Water Resources Of Karnataka Class 9 Textbook Solutions 

Question 4. The first hydroelectric power station was started in India at

1. VaniviUasSagar
2. Linganamakki
3. Shivanasamudra
4. Alamat

Answer: 3. Shivanasamudra

Question 5. Which one among the following is a West flowing river of Karnataka?

1. Arkavathi
2. Shimshal
3. Varahi
4. Kapila

Answer: 3. Varahi

Answer the following questions in two sentences each:

Question 1. Name the important East flowing River of Karnataka.
Answer: The Krishna, Cauvery, Pennar, and Palar Rivers flow eastwards.

Question 2. Write a short note on Cauvery.
Answer: The Cauvery is the most important river of Karnataka. It is known as ‘Dakshina Ganga’. It originates at Talacauvery in Kodagu district and flows 804 km through Karnataka and Tamil Nadu eastwards. This river is most useful for agriculture, power generation, and drinking water supply.

Question 3. Write short notes on Palar and Pennar.
Answer: The Pennar and Palar rivers flow through the districts of Kolar, Tumakuru, and Bengaluru, and then enter Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. North Pennar and South Pennar are two separate rivers

Class 9 Social Science Water Resources Of Karnataka Answers 

Question 4. Name the west-flowing rivers of Karnataka.
Answer: The Sharavathi, Kali, Gangavali (Bedti), Netravathi, Varahi, and Aghanashinietc. are the west-flowing rivers of Karnataka.

Question 5. What is Irrigation? Why is it necessary?
Answer: The artificial supply of water for agriculture is called irrigation. It is essential for the development of agriculture in places where the distribution of rainfall is uneven and irregular.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Land Resources Of Karnataka Points To Remember

The use of land for various purposes is called ‘land utilization’. Gulbarga district has the largest area under cultivable land where as Bengaluru district has the least net area sown, due to widespread urbanization. Uttara Kannada district has a large forest area where as Vijayapura has the least forested area. Bengaluru Urban district stands first place in land not available for cultivation where as it is the least in Bidar district.

• Land which has not been cultivated for more than two or three years is called Mow land. Kalaburagi district has the largest area as Mow land.
• The cultivation of the land for raising crops is called agriculture.
• Animal husbandry, poultry, bee-keeping, and sericulture are included in agriculture.
• Subsistence farming, irrigation farming, dry farming, mixed farming, shifting cultivation, commercial farming, plantation farming, etc. are the important types of Fanning.
• Crops grown by using water from canals, tanks, or wells are called ‘irrigation’.
• Crops that are grown not for the domestic market but also for the international market come under commercial farming.
• Raichur district stands first in the production of paddy.
• Karnataka ranks second after Maharashtra in the production of war in India.
• Jowar ‘s botanicalname is ‘Sorghum vulgare’.

• Ragi’s botanical name is ‘Eleusine Coracana’. Karnataka stands first in the production of ragi in India.
• Sugarcane’s botanical name is “Saccharum Officinarum”.
• Tobacco belongs to the nicotiana group and contains an intoxicating substance called nicotine.
• Nippani in the Belagavi district is very famous for its beedi tobacco marketing.
• Karnataka ranks first in the production of coffee in India.
• Karnataka produces two types of coffee namely Coffee Arabica and Coffee Robusta.
• Karnataka is known as ‘The Land of Coffee’ because the coffee grown in Karnataka is good in quality.

KSEEB Class 9 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Notes 

Land Resources Of Karnataka Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words.

1. Utilizing land for different purposes is called Land Utilisation.
2. Gulbarga district has the largest net area sown.
3. Sorghum Vulgare is the scientific name of jowar crop.
4. The Belagavi district is the largest producer of sugarcane in Karnataka.
5. Tobacco contains an intoxicating substance called nicotine.

Discuss in groups and answer the following questions.

Question 1. Name the different types of land utilization in Karnataka.
Answer:
The different types of land utilization in Karnataka are:

• Net area sown
• Forest area
• Land not available for cultivation
• Other uncultivated lands
• Fallow land

Question 2. Write a note on the importance of agriculture in Karnataka.
Answer:
The importance of agriculture in Karnataka is

• Agriculture is the main source of livelihood for many.
• It is the backbone of our state’s economy.
• It provides employment to people.
• It also provides food for the people and raw materials for industries.
• It is a source of revenue for the state and earns foreign exchange.
• It helps in the development of tertiary occupations like transport, banking, insurance, etc.
• It plays an important role in the political and social systems of the state.
• Economic progress depends on agriculture.
• Coffee, silk, spices, tobacco, cotton, etc are the agricultural products that are exported.

Land Resources Of Karnataka Class 9 Summary 

Question 3. What is meant by ‘irrigation’? Name the main crops grown under irrigation.
Answer: Crops grown by using water from canals, tanks, or wells are called ‘irrigation’, Paddy and sugarcane are the main crops grown under irrigation.

Question 4. Explain the main characteristics of mixed farming.
Answer: Mixed type of farming is gaining popularity. In addition to growing crops, dairy fanning, silkworm rearing, sheep rearing, poultry, bee-keeping, fishery, etc. are taken up and it is called mixed farming.

Question 5. Mention the uses of ragi.
Answer: Ragi balls, porridge, sprouted flour, malt, dosa, etc. are made from ragi. The stalks of the ragi plant are used as fodder for cattle.

Land Resources Of Karnataka Match the following.
    A                                                          B
Coffee                                            Mixed farming
Cotton                                            Beverage crop
Sugarcane                                      Tobacco
Nippani                                           Fibers crop
Sheep-rearing                                 Plantation crop
                                                        Commercial crop
Answer: 
A                                       B
Coffee                            Beverage crop
Cotton                            Fibers crop
Sugarcane                      Commercial crop
Nippani                          Tobacco
Sheep-rearing                Mixed farming

Land Resources Of Karnataka Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1.The crop in which production in Karnataka is a deficit

1. Spices
2. Saffron
3. Cereals
4. Pulses

Answer: 2. Saffron

Question 2. The Europeans who introduced tobacco in India is

1. Portuguese
2. English
3. Dutch
4. French

Answer: 1. Portuguese

Land Resources Of Karnataka Class 9 Textbook Solutions 

Question 3. The district of Karnataka which has the least forest area is

1. Bangalore
2. Bijapur
3. Gulbarga
4. Mysore

Answer: 2. Bijapur

Question 4. The crop that is grown most in Bangaluru is

1. Coconut
2. Betel
3. Brinjal
4. Blue grapes

Answer: 4. Blue grapes

Answer the following questions in a sentence each:

Question 1. What is Land Utilisation?
Answer: The use of land for various purposes is called ‘land utilization’.

Question 2. Which is the Land not available for cultivation?
Answer: The land is used for the purposes like rail routes, roads, residences, industry, and irrigation projects.

Question 3. What is Fallow land?
Answer: Land which has not been cultivated for more than two or three years is called fallow land.

Question 4. What is dry farming?
Answer: The cultivation of crops that depend on rain is called dry fanning.

Class 9 Social Science Land Resources Of Karnataka Answers 

Question 5. What is subsistence farming?
Answer: The crops which are grown by the farmers for home consumption and not for the market are called subsistence farming.

Question 6. Nowadays, areas growing cotton are dwindling. Why?
Answer: Nowadays, areas growing cotton are dwindling due to pests, and diseases have become major problems.

Question 7. There is an improvement in the yield production of cotton. Why?
Answer: As a result of the development of disease-tolerant and high-yield varieties of cotton by the Agricultural Research Institute.

Question 8. What are the uses of tobacco?
Answer: Tobacco is used in the manufacture of beedis, cigarettes, cigars,s and snuff.

Question 9. Why Virginia tobacco is grown widely in Karnataka?
Answer: Virginia tobacco is the highest quality and is in great demand in the global market. It earns valuable foreign exchange and revenue for the state exchequer.

Answer the following questions in 2-4 sentences each:

Question 1. Mention the factors which helped to achieve the development of Karnataka.
Answer:
The factors that helped to achieve the development of Karnataka are:

• Varied physical features,
• Soil,
• Vegetation
• Minerals
• Water
• Groundwater resources.

Question 2. What is Agriculture? What is included in it?
Answer: The cultivation of the land for raising crops is called agriculture. Animal husbandry, poultry beekeeping, and sericulture are included in agriculture.

Class 9 Social Science Chapter 5 Land Resources Notes 

Question 3.Farmers of Karnataka practice different types of farming. Why?
Answer:
Our farmers grow different kinds of crops because of :

• The size of the land holding
• Land fertility
• Availability of water
• Amount of rainfall
• Climate
• Physical features
• Market facilities etc.,

Question 4. What is Plantation Farming? Give example.
Answer: The cultivation of a few annual crops on large estates for the purpose of earning money is called plantation farming for example; coffee, tea, rubber, cocoa, etc.

Question 5. What is Commercial Farming? Give example.
Answer: Crops that are grown not for the domestic market but also for the international market come under commercial tanning, for example, tobacco, cotton, jute, etc.

Question 6. Different types of crops are grown in Karnataka. Why?
Answer:
The main responsibility to grow different types of crops are:

• Soil
• Climatic conditions
• Relief features
• Irrigation facility
• Traditions of the farmers
• The market for agricultural produce etc.

Question 7. Which are the factors that resulted in improvement in the yield of paddy?
Answer: Irrigation facility, use of chemical fertilizers, and high-yielding hybrid seeds have resulted in improvement in the yield of paddy.

Question 8. What are the factors essential to cultivate Paddy?
Answer:
The factors essential to cultivate Paddy are:

• Paddy is a tropical crop.
• It requires heavy rainfall and high temperature.
• Areas having scanty rainfall need irrigation facilities.
• It requires level land.
• Fertile clayey and alluvial soils.
• Organic manure leaves of trees and abundant laborers are required

Question 9. What are the factors essential to cultivate Jowar?
Answer:
The factors essential to cultivate Jowar:

• Jowar belongs to the grass family.
• Its botanical name is ‘ Sorghum Vulgare’.
• It is a tropical crop
• It requires moderate rainfall and moderate temperature.
• Mixed black and red so il and alluvial so il are suitable for jowar.
• It is a rain-fed crop and is grown by using broadcasting methods.

Land Resources Of Karnataka Questions And Answers Class 9 

Question 10. What are the factors essential to cultivate Ragi?
Answer:
The factors essential to cultivate Ragi are:

• Ragi’s botanical name is ‘Eleusine Coracana’.
• It is a tropical crop.
• High temperature, moderate rainfall, and red sandy, and loamy soils are suitable for this crop.
• It can withstand very severe droughts.
• Many laborers are needed to transplant ragi saplings
• Pull out the weeds to harvest and store ragi.
• It is an important Kharif crop.
• It can be grown even during the summer season by using irrigation.

Question 11. What are the factors essential to cultivate Sugarcane?
Answer:
The factors essential to cultivate Sugarcane are:

• Sugarcane is a tropical crop.
• It requires high temperature
• It requires heavy rainfall or good irrigation facility:
• It grows well in Sandy’s loamy soil and red soil.

Question 12. What are the uses of cotton?
Answer:
The main uses of cotton are:

• Cotton provides the raw material for cotton textiles.
• It is used for making carpets, beds, and pillows.
• Cooking oil is produced from cotton seeds.
• Cotton seed cake is used as cattle feed.

Question 13. Mention the factors which are essential to cultivating Cotton.
Answer:
The factors essential to cultivate cotton are:

• Cotton is a crop of the tropics and the subtropics.
• It requires Moderate rainfall and high temperature
• Black soil is suitable for its growth.
• Cotton has been used for a long time in daily life in Karnataka.
• It is a Kharif crop.
• It is a rain-fed crop.

Question 14. What are the factors required to cultivate tobacco?
Answer:
The factors required to cultivate tobacco are:

• Tobacco is a major commercial crop in the state.
• It can be grown in areas with moderate rainfall
• It required high temperature
• It grows well in a loamy soil

Question 15. What are the geographical features required to cultivate Coffee?
Answer:
The geographical features required to cultivate Coffee are:

• Coffee is a tropical crop
• It grows well on the slopes of hills
• It requires heavy rainfall
• Clay-mixed soil is suitable for this crop
• Shady trees are required

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 Natural Resources Points To Remember

Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their natural form. Natural Resources are generally classified as falling two types namely Renewable and non-renewable resources. The natural resources which get replenished as we use them are called renewable resources. Example: Water, land, forest, air, etc. The natural resources which get depleted as we go on using them are called Non-renewable resources. Examples:  coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc.

• Resources can also be classified as biotic and abiotic resources.
• The resources which are derived from living organisms are biotic resources. Example: plants and animals.
• The resources which are derived from non-living components of nature are abiotic resources. Example: Water, soil, minerals
• The main factors of increasing scarcity are overpopulation, growing industrialization, expanding urban areas, atmospheric pollution, water pollution, and land degradation.
• Conservation of natural resources means not wasting them but using them judiciously so that there is a balance between nature and our use of natural resources.
• Conservation of resources can do it by adopting the 4R strategy. They are:

1. Reduce,
2. Reuse,
3. Recharge and regenerate
4. Research.

• The World Wildlife Fund has devised a measure called the ‘ecological footprint’ which gives an idea about the extent of consumption of resources and waste generation by a country or by an individual in a country.
• WWF defines a country’s ecological footprint as “ the sum of all the cropland, grazing land, forest and fishing grounds required to produce the food, fiber, and timber it consumes to absorb the wastes emitted when it uses energy and to provide space for infrastructure.
• Mahatma Gandhi stated that “ Be the change you want to see in others”

Natural Resources Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. Natural resources are the gift of nature.
2. Renewable resources reproduce within a specified time span.
3. Iron ore is Non- a renewable resource.
4. Scarcity arises when the need for resources is more than the availability of them.
5. Development emphasizing the availability of resources to meet the needs of future generations is also called the Conservation of resources.
6. In 2020, mankind used 50% of Earth to meet their requirements.

Answer the following questions in one sentence:

Question 1. What are natural resources?
Answer: Natural resources are naturally occurring substances that are considered valuable in their natural form.

Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 1 KSEEB Natural Resources Notes 

Question 2. Give two examples of renewable resources.
Answer: Water, land, forest, air, etc are examples of renewable resources.

Question 3. Give two examples of abiotic resources.
Answer: Soil and minerals are two examples of abiotic resources.

Question 4. What is conservation?
Answer: Conservation of natural resources means not wasting them but using them judiciously so that there is a balance between nature and our use of natural resources.

Question 5. Define ecological footprint.
Answer: WWF defines a country’s ecological footprint as “ the sum of all the cropland, grazing land, forest and fishing grounds required to produce the food, fiber, and timber it consumes, to absorb the wastes emitted when it uses energy and to provide space for infrastructure.

Question 6. What is recycling?
Answer: Using the same resources multiple times is called recycling.

Answer the following questions in 5-6 sentences each:

Question 1. Differentiate between renewable and non-renewable resources.
Answer:
Differences between renewable and non-renewable resources are:

• The natural resources which get replenished as we use them are called renewable resources. Example: Water, land, forest, air, etc…
• The natural resources which get depleted as we go on using them are called Non-renewable resources. Examples:  coal, petroleum, natural gas, etc…

Question 2. Explain the causes for the increasing scarcity of resources.
Answer:
The causes for the increasing scarcity of resources are:

• Overpopulation
• Growing industrialization
• Expanding urban areas
• Atmospheric pollution
• Water pollution and
• Land degradation

Question 3. What are the 4Rs? Explain in brief.
Answer:
Conservation of resources can do it by adopting the 4R strategy. They are:

1. Reduce,
2. Reuse,
3. Recharge and regenerate
4. Research.

1. Reduce: It refers to minimizing the use of resources and their wastage or trying to use less amount of any resource.

2. Reuse: Using the same resources multiple times is called recycling.

3. Recharge and regenerate: It refers to taking steps to allow the resources to grow through conscious human efforts.

4. Research: Research ways to find renewable alternatives to non-renewable resources.

Natural Resources Class 9 KSEEB Solutions 

Question 4. What steps would you take to conserve energy use in school and at home?
Answer:
The steps taken to conserve energy use in school and at home are:

• Put off all lights when not in use
• Turn the air conditioner and heater off at night
• Get outside! Outside activities are fun and take less energy
• Keep door and winds shut when heating and cooling the house/car

Question 5. What measures will you take to reduce the ecological footprint?
Answer:
The measures taken to reduce the ecological footprint are:

•  Conservation of food
• Conservation of energy/Electricity
• Judicial utilization of the Transport system
• Creating less waste
• Conservation of water
• Educating community regarding ecological footprint.

Natural Resources Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the answer sheet provided.

Question 1. The resources which are derived from non-living components of nature are

1. Abiotic resources
2. Biotic resources
3. Renewable resources
4. Natural component

Answer: 1. Abiotic resources

Question 2.4R strategy related to

1. Automobile engine
2. Conservation of resources
3. Research in science and technology
4. Software technology

Answer: 2. Conservation of resources

Question 3.The great leader who stated that “Be the change you want to see in others” is

1. Mahatma Gandhi
2. Dadabhai Naoroji
3. Vishveshwaraiah
4. Dr. B. R. Ambedkar

Answer: 1. Mahatma Gandhi

KSEEB Social Science Economics Class 9 Chapter 1 Natural Resources Concepts 

Question 1. What are the suggestions to conserve resources?
Answer:
The measures undertaken to conserve resources are:

• Purchase less stuff
• Reduce excess packaging
• Recycling materials
• Purchase products made from recycled materials.
• Keep air and water clean
• Plant new saplings where we cut down trees.
• Using bicycle and public transport
• Conserve energy at home.

Question 2. How can we overcome from increasing scarcity of resources?
Answer:
The suggestions to overcome from increasing scarcity of resources are:

• Exploration and discovery of new sources
• Discovering alternatives and substitutes
• Increasing efficiency of resources
• Regulating overuse of resources and pollution through government policies
• Educating people about the conservation of resources.

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 Human Resources Of India Points To Remember

The poor people are not able to earn sufficient income to get two square meals a day and they suffer from malnutrition. Due to a lack of education, training and skills, their chances of employment are few, the jobs they have will be permanent and the income they get is low.

The condition in which people are deprived of their fundamental needs like food, clothing, shelter education and health is called poverty. Before independence, one of the founding fathers of India, DadabhaiNaoroji, brought into use, for the first time, the poverty line to identify the poor. Even after independence, the poverty line has been used as the main yardstick to measure poverty.

• In 2005, the Suresh Tendulkar committee adopted the Monthly Per-Capita Expenditure (MPCE) on education, health, electricity and transport, along with food, to determine the poverty line.
• The main causes of poverty are rapid increase in population, low level and growth of national income, rise in the price level, unemployment and capital deficiency.
• The main features of poverty are hunger and penury. Poor families do not get food easily or adequately. They do not have the means to buy food. Thus, they face food insecurity.
• A yardstick known as the ‘World Hunger Index’ has been formulated to measure the amount of world hunger. This yardstick has been formulated based on four factors under-nourishment, Child wasting, Child stunting and child mortality.
• Food Security refers to that system which ensures the provision of food at all times to everyone in the country.

The food security system consists of two aspects namely:

1. Buffer stock
2. Public Distribution System.

• The government buys the excessive food grains from the farmers at the time of harvest through the Food Corporation of India (FCI) which was established in 1965.
• The food grains collected by the Food Corporation of India are distributed to poor people at low prices through government-controlled fair-price depots. This is called the public distribution system.
• The government has implemented the Integrated Children’s Development Scheme (ICDS), The Midday Meal Programme and Antyodaya Anna Yojana to remove hunger and malnutrition among the poor.
• The Poverty elevation programmes are:

1. Economic development measures
2. Implementation of poverty eradication programmes,
3. Provision of the minimum basic requirements,
4. Social Security Measures

KSEEB Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 Notes 

• Self-employment programmes are :

1. The Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was implemented in 1980.

2. The ‘Swarnajayanti Grama Swaudyog Yojana’ (SGSY) was implemented in 1999.

• ‘Wage Employment Programs’ have been implemented to provide jobs on a daily wage basis to poor, unskilled people with no property.
• In 2006, the ‘Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme was implemented to provide a minimum of 100 days of work in a year in order to provide stability in their lives.
• The facility of health insurance is being provided to poor people under the ‘Yashaswini Yojana’.
• Houses are being constructed for them under ‘Indira Avaas Yojana’ and ‘Valmiki-Ambedkar Avaas Yojana’. Toilets are being constructed under the ‘NinnalGram’ programme.
• In 2000, ‘Prime Minister’s GramodayaYojana’ (PMGY) was implemented. Under this programme, the rural poor are being provided with primary education, primary health care, shelter, drinking water, rural lighting and other services.
• The protection that the government provides to the helpless, the aged and the handicapped among the very poor people is called Social Security.
• Deserted old people get Old Age Allowance every month under ‘Sandhya Suraksha Yojana’.

Human Resources Of India Textual Questions And Answers

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

1. The poor percentage according to NSSO in 2004-05 was 3017 lakh.
2. The Indian government has established the Food Corporation of India to buy and store food grains.
3. The Health Insurance that is provided to poor people is called Yashaswini Yojana.
4. The project programme for providing an old age pension is ‘Sandhya Suraksha Yojana’.
5. The price at which the government purchase before sowing is called the Support price.

Answer the following in a sentence each:

Question 1. Give the meaning of poverty.
Answer: The condition in which people are deprived of their fundamental needs like food, clothing, shelter education and health is called poverty.

Question 2. What are the basic requirements of a human being?
Answer: The basic requirements of a human being are food, clothing, shelter education and health.

Class 9 Social Science Economics Chapter 2 KSEEB Human Resources Notes 

Question 3. What is the ‘poverty line?
Answer: The estimated minimum level of income needed to secure the basic necessities of life.

Question 4. What is the indicator framed to measure the amount of hunger?
Answer: Global Hunger Index (GHI) is the indicator framed to measure the amount of hunger.

Question 5. What is ‘food security?
Answer: Food Security refers to that system which ensures the provision of food at all times to everyone in the country.

Answer the following in 5-6 sentences each:

Question 1. How is poverty identified in India?
Answer:
Poverty was identified in India using the following methods:

• Suresh Tendulkar’s committee adopted monthly per-capita income on education, health, electricity and transport, along with food to determine the poverty line.
• Dadabhai Naoroji. used the concept of the poverty line to identify the poor.
• C Rangarajan committee fixed the poverty line expenditure at Rs. 32 in rural areas and Rs. 43 in urban areas.

Question 2. What are the indicators of poverty?
Answer: The indicators of poverty are rapid increase in population, low level and growth of national income, rise in the price level, unemployment and capital deficiency.

Question 3. What are the reasons for the persistence of hunger in India?
Answer:
The reasons for the persistence of hunger in India are:

• Lack of purchasing power among the poor
• Shortcomings in the distribution of food grains.

Question 4. Explain the working system of public distribution in India.
Answer: The food grains collected by the Food Corporation of India are distributed to poor people at low prices through government-controlled fair price depots. This is called the public distribution system. Food grains, sugar, kerosene, cooking oil and other essential ingredients are distributed through the lair price depots. These items are sold at rates much lower than the market rates. The government has enabled fair-price depots to be opened in almost all villages, towns and cities.

Human Resources of India Class 9 Social Science Summary 

Question 5. List out the measures taken by the government to eradicate poverty.
Answer:
The Poverty elevation programmes are:

• Economic development measures
• Implementation of poverty eradication programmes
• Self-employment programmes
• Wage employment programmes.
• Provision of the minimum basic requirements like
• The facility of health insurance is being provided to poor people under the ‘Yashaswini Yojana’.
• Flouses are being constructed for them under ‘Indira Avaas Yojana and ‘Valmiki-Ambedkar
• Avaaz Yojana’. Toilets are being constructed under the ‘NirmalGram’ programme.
• Social Security Measures: under this deserted old people get Old Age Allowance every month under ‘Sandhya Suraksha Yojana’.

Human Resources Of India Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the answer sheet provided.

Question 1. The programme introduced to provide health insurance is

1. Nirmal Gram programme
2. Yashaswini Yojana
3. Sandhya Suraksha Yojana
4. Prime Minister’s Gramodaya Yojana

Answer: 2. Yashaswini Yojana

Question 2. The programme which is introduced to construct toilets is

1. Prime Minister’s Gramodaya Yojana
2. Y Ashwini Yojana
3. Sandhya Suraksha Yojana
4. Nirmal Gram programme

Answer: 4. Nirmal Gram’s programme

Human Resources of India Class 9 KSEEB Solutions 

Question 3. The programme introduced to provide an Old Age Allowance every month is

1. Sandhya Suraksha Yojana
2. Prime Minister’s Gramodaya Yojana
3. Yashaswini Yojana
4. Swamajayanti Grama Swaudyog Yojana

Answer: 1. Sandhya Suraksha Yojana

Question 4. The Indian leader who created a yardstick to measure poverty is

1. DadabhaiNaoroji
2. Gandhiji
3. Vishveshwaraiah
4. Amartya Sen

Answer:1. DadabhaiNaoroji

Question 5. The Food Corporation of India (FCI) was established in the year.

1. 1975
2. 1960
3. 1965
4. 1963

Answer: 3. 1965

Answer the following question in 2-6 sentences each:

Question 1. Which are schemes implemented to remove hunger and malnutrition among the poor?
Answer: The government has implemented the Integrated Children’s Development Scheme (ICDS), The Midday Meal Programme and Antyodaya Anna Yojana to remove hunger and malnutrition among the poor.

Question 2. Which are the Poverty elevation programmes introduced in India?
Answer:
The Poverty elevation programmes are:

• Economic development measures
• Implementation of poverty eradication programmes,
• Provision of the minimum basic requirements,
• Social Security Measures

Question 3. Name the Self-employment programmes introduced to eradicate poverty.
Answer:
Self-employment programmes are:

• The ‘Integrated Rural Development Programme (IRDP) was implemented in 1980.
• The ‘Swamajayanti Grama Swaudyog Yojana’ (SGSY) was implemented in 1999.

KSEEB Social Science Economics Class 9 Chapter 2 Human Resources Concepts 

Question 4. Why were ‘Wage Employment Programs’ implemented?
Answer: ‘Wage Employment Programs’ have been implemented to provide jobs on a daily wage basis to poor, unskilled people with no property.

Question 5. Why was the ‘Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme’ Implemented?
Answer: In 2006, the ‘Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Programme was implemented to provide a minimum of 100 days of work in a year in order to provide stability in their lives.

Question 6. Name the schemes which are introduced to provide houses to poor people.
Answer: Houses are being constructed for them under ‘Indira Avaas Yojana’ and ‘Valmiki-Ambedkar Avaas Yojana’.

Question 7. Why was ‘Prime Minister’s Gramodaya Yojana’ (PMGY) implemented?
Answer: Under this programme, the rural poor are being provided with primary education, primary health care, shelter, drinking water, rural lighting and other services.

Question 8. What is meant by Social Security?
Answer: The protection that the government provides to the helpless, the aged and the handicapped among the very poor people is called Social Security.