KSEEB Solutions For Class 8 Social Science Sociology Chapter 4 Types Of Society

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 Sociology Chapter 4 Types Of Society Points To Remember

Sociology is a science devoted to the study of human society scientifically. Human beings and society are the two faces of the same coin. In Society, many aspects like jobs, lifestyle, culture, thoughts, and rituals differ from one geographical area to another.

If one enters a rural area, numerous cattle, sheep and other domestic animals are visible. A visit to cities like Mumbai and Bengaluru reveals high-rise buildings, crowded human beings, more number vehicles, slums and industries. The word Society originates from the Greek word ‘Socius’ which means companionship or friendship.
The structure that grows out of these interacting people can be called a society.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 Social Science

“The web of social relationships in society. The complex relationship of social institutions and social groups is Society.” – Maclver and Page Grouping of people is called a community. Society is formed by grouping many communities.Every society has a family, neighbourhood, rural and urban settings, political parties and other communities. Hence, H.M. Johnson says “Communities community is society.”

The following are the types of societies:

Hunting and Gathering society.
Pastoral Society.
Agricultural Society/ Rural Society.
Urban Society.
Industrial Society.
Information Society.

Hunting and Gathering society is the first stage of human evolution.

The process of engaging in animal husbandry of cattle like sheep, goats, cows, and buffalo for general sustenance is called pastoral society.
Anthropologists had opined that only pastoral societies as the nomadic society in the beginning. According to encyclopaedia Britannica, Nomadic life is a type of life.
India is called a land of villages and agriculture. In the ancient literature of India, there are references to villages and their administration. In Rig-Veda, the head of the village is called ‘Gramastha’.

A group of villages was called ‘visa’, Jana’, or ‘Desha’ for administrative purposes.
In Mahabharata, the head of the village is called a ‘gaming’. The chief of a group of villages is called a ‘Dashamuki’, ‘Shatamuki’, or ‘Adhipathi’. Bogardus opines that “The human civilisation evolved in the cradle of Villages’. Though the village is an ancient system, it is not easy to define it. Bogardus says, “Village is a group of families engaged in the simple life of thrift with less population density, and have primary relationships.”

Class 8 Sociology Types of Society KSEEB Notes

As per S.C. Dube, “A group of families residing in a place is called a village’. In this society, socialisation and social control function efficiently. In Karnataka, the neighbourhood is identified as ‘Keri’ or ‘Oni’. In Maharashtra, it is called a ‘wad’. The jamjar system was the basic nature of the Socioeconomic life of rural society. Zamindar is a Persian word. It means one who has landed. The system Zamindar has its root in the rule of Delhi Sultans.

The titles owned by Rajasthan ‘Roy’ and ‘Rana’ indicated land ownership.

In order to prevent the exploitation of farmers governments brought in “Tenancy Prevention’ acts. This move is called ‘Land Reforms’. A maximum land ceiling limit is put under this act. Urban societies are called ideal societies. They are very complex in their structures. Urban societies have dense populations involved in varieties of jobs and works. The information society helps to attain education, and do commerce and business needed for the future. The studies and theories on information societies focus on two issues related to the hold of knowledge on the economy.

Kseeb Class 8 Social Science Sociology Chapter 4 Exercise Answers

Types Of Society Exercises

Fill in the blanks with suitable words:

The hunting societies use stone tools for hunting.
Plough is used to till the land in an agricultural society.
The distribution of skilled work is called a Division of Labour.
In industrial societies, there is an increase in transport and Communication
Mechanised production takes place in Industrial society.

Types Of Society Answer the following:

Question 1. What are the different types of Societies?
Answer:
The following are the types of societies:

Hunting and Gathering society.
Pastoral Society.
Agricultural Society/ Rural Society.
Urban Society.
Industrial Society.
Information Society.

Question 2. What is a pastoral society?
Answer: The process of engaging in animal husbandry of cattle like sheep, goats, cows, and buffalo for general sustenance is called pastoral society.

Question 3. How does agriculture gain importance in society?
Answer: With the invention of ‘plough’ during 3000 BC, the agricultural revolution started. Villages are the lifeline of this country. There are about six lakh villages in India and they have retained the Indian culture and tradition intact. The majority of the people live in rural India. in rural areas, 59% of men and 75% of women are engaged in agriculture directly for their sustenance.

KSEEB Class 8 Sociology Chapter 4 Questions And Answers

Question 4. What is an industrial society?
Answer: Utilising scientific production ways and searching for energy sources is called Industrial society.

Question 5. The information society is growing fast. Prove.
Answer: People take help from information technologies to solve their problems and challenges. The information society helps to attain education, and do commerce and business needed for the future.

Types Of Society Answer The Following In Four-Five Lines:

Question 1. Explain the features of hunting and gathering societies.
Answer:

Hunting and Gathering society is the first stage of human evolution.

It is a simple and ancient society.

It is very small in size.

People engaged in fishing, hunting and

The role and status in society were fixed based on age and sex.

There was no desire for the accumulation of wealth.

Sharing the sources is an important trait.

Hunting was done using stone tools.

Kseeb Class 8 Sociology Chapter 4 Summary And Notes

Question 2. Explain the features of pastoral societies.
Answer:

Pastoral Society is the second stage in the evolution of human societies.

People engaged in animal husbandry.

These consisted of several thousand people.

Cattle herding was the main occupation.

Society was under the leadership of a single leader.

The members were engaged in fishing, hunting and food gathering works.

Question 3. Explain the relationship between land and agriculture.
Answer:

Jajmani System: Jajmani and the caste system were working together once. The serving class provided services related to agriculture and agriculture-related works. And this class received provisions in return for its service.

Zamindari System: Zamindar is a Persian word. It means one who has landed. The system Zamindar has its root in the rule of Delhi Sultans. During the fourteenth century, the word Zamindar indicated the head of a region. The titles owned by Rajasthan ‘Roy’ and ‘Rana’ indicated land ownership. Any person who has the hereditary rights to have a share in the farmer’s corps’ was officially called a ‘Zamindar’. By the seventeenth century, the word Zamindari became prominent.

Ryotwari System: The British government undertook new ways of taxing the farmers in India. When the British government moved to tax farmers, Zamindars started harassing them more. In order to save farmers from this exploitation the court of directors introduced Ryotwari System.

Mahalwari System: When the Zamindari system and Ryotwari system failed to yield desired results, the British thought of another system name the Mahalwari system. Under this system, based on the yield of the estate or Mahal, a tax was fixed on the owners of such Mahal. A few among the Mahal owners were selected and given the roles of supervising and collecting taxes.

Kseeb Class 8 Sociology Chapter 4 Types Of Society Question Answers

Tenancy System: Permanent tenants command little ownership over the land they are tilling, whereas temporary tenants have no claim over the land they are tilling. The landlords always had the right to take away land from the temporary tenants and hand it over to others as per their wish. In order to prevent this exploitation, governments brought in ‘Tenancy Prevention’acts.

Question 4. List out the features of industrial society.
Answer: Utilising scientific production ways and searching for energy sources is the feature of this society. The production depends on the automatic technology

The production is in large quantity

This depends on the division of labour.

The production process became mechanised.

Question 5. Write a note to the Information Society.
Answer:

People take help from information technologies to solve their problems and challenges.

The information society helps to attain education, and do commerce and business needed for the future.

The studies and theories on information societies focus on two issues related to the hold of knowledge on the economy

The first issue is the influence of information technology on socio-economical life.

It is no more the property of any individual or an institution.

Knowledge is getting exchanged over new tools.

Computers have become the information.

Types Of Society Additional Questions And Answers

Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:

Question 1. The word Society originates from the

Greek
Latin
English
French

Answer: 1. Greek

Question 2. The word Society originates from the Greek word ‘Socius’ which means

Neighbourhood
Friendship
Social relationship
Village community

Answer: 2. Friendship

Question 3. Grouping of people is called as

Friends
Society
Community
Family

Answer: 3. Community

Question 4.“Communities community is society.” This is stated by

Maclver
Page
H.M.Johnson
August Comte

Answer: 3.H.M.Johnson

Class 8 Sociology Chapter 4 Types Of Society Kseeb

Question 5. Maclver and Page defined society as a

Group of social relationships
Web of social relationships
Family of social relationships
Village of social relationships

Answer: 2. Web of social relationships

Question 6. The first stage of human evolution is

Nomadic Society
Semi-nomadic Society
Pastoral Society
Hunting and Gathering Society

Answer: 4. Hunting and Gathering Society

Question 7. In Mahabharata, the head of the village is called as

Pramukh
Gramastha
Mukhya
Gramini

Answer: 4. Gramini

Question 8.“Village is a group of families engaged in the simple life of thrift with less population density, and have primary relationships.” It is stated by

GS Ghurye
Max Weber
Bogardus
S.C.Dube

Answer: 3. Bogardus

Kseeb Class 8 Sociology Chapter 4 Important Questions

Question 9.“A group of families residing in a place is called a village” is stated by

GS Ghurye
Max Weber
Bogardus
S.C.Dube

Answer: 4. S.C.Dube

Question 10. The majority of the Indians live in villages as rightly noted by

GS Ghurye
Max Weber
Bogardus
S.C.Dube

Answer: 2. Max Weber

Types Of Society Fill in The Blanks With Suitable Words:

The word Society originates from the Greek word Socius
Getting together people to work towards a common goal is called Cooperation
Sharing tasks among a group of people is called the Division of labour
The second stage in the evolution of human societies is the Pastoral Society
A group of villages called visa
In Karnataka, the neighbourhood is identified as Keri or Oni
In Maharashtra, the neighbourhood is called a wad.
In Rig-Veda, the head of the village is called Gramastha.

Types Of Society Answer the following questions in a sentence each:

Question 1. What is a society?
Answer: The word Society originates from the Greek word ‘Socius’ which means companionship or friendship. The structure that grows out of these interacting people can be called a society.

Question 2. What is a society according to Maclver and Page?
Answer: “The web of social relationships in society. The complex relationship of social institutions and social groups is Society.” — Maclver and Page

Question 3. How are the Societies divided?
Answer: Societies are divided based on the nature of jobs and work.

Kseeb Solutions Class 8 Sociology Chapter 4 Notes

Question 4. What is the opinion of Bogarodus regarding the village?
Answer: Bogarodus opines that human civilisation evolved in the cradle of Villages. Bogardus says, “Village is a group of families engaged in the simple life of thrift with less population density, and have primary relationships.”

Types Of Society Answer The Following Questions In Four To Five Sentences Each:

Question 1. Explain the importance of Social.
Answer:
Universal
Necessary for protection and nourishment
Society plays a major role in personality formation
Reinforces life

Question 2. Why society is considered universal?
Answer: Human life and society go hand in hand. Human life is made possible by society. Society was there before the birth of an individual and remains even after his death. Hence society is universal

Question 3. Differentiate between Hunting and Gathering society and Pastoral society.
Answer:

Hunting and Gathering society:

Hunting and Gathering society is the first stage of human evolution.
It is a simple and ancient society.
It is very small in size.
People engaged in fishing, hunting and gathering.
The role and status in society were fixed based on age and sex.
There was no desire for the accumulation of wealth.
Sharing the sources is an important trait.
Hunting was done using stone tools. Pastoral society
Pastoral Society is the second stage in the evolution of human societies.
People engaged in animal husbandry.
These consisted of several thousand people.
Cattle herding was the main occupation.
Society was under the leadership of a single leader.
The members were engaged in fishing, hunting and food gathering works.

Kseeb Solutions For Class 8 Sociology Chapter 4 Pdf

Question 4. Differentiate between Jajmani System and Zamindari System.
Answer:

KSEEB Class 8 Types Of Society Study Materials

Question 5. Differentiate between Ryotwari System and Mahalwari System.
Answer:

Ryotwari System: The British government undertook new ways of taxing the farmers of India. When the British government moved to tax farmers, Zamindars started harassing them more. In order to save farmers from this exploitation the court of directors introduced Ryotwari System

Mahalwari System: When the Zamindari system and Ryotwari system failed to yield desired results, the British thought of another system name the Mahalwari system. Under this system, based on the yield of the estate or Mahal, the tax was fixed on the owners of the Mahal. A few among the Mahal owners were selected and given the roles of supervising and collecting taxes.

Question 6. What are the features of urban societies?
Answer:

Industry Based Economy
Professional works
Transport and communication
Increase in migration