KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Diversity In Living Organisms

KSEEB Solutions For Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Diversity In Living Organisms Important Concepts

Diversity of plants and animals, scientific naming, the hierarchy of groups, major groups of plants algae, bryophytes, Pteridophyta, gymnosperms, and angiosperms.Non-chordates and chordates.Classes- Pisces, amphibians, reptiles, aves, mammals.

Biodiversity: The different forms of living organisms or a variety of life forms found in a particular region.
Classification of organisms: It is defined as a system of arrangement of organisms in two different groups and subgroups on the basis of their similarities, differences, and relationships. Classification makes the study of a wide variety of organisms convenient and easy.

Read and Learn More KSEEB Solutions for Class 9 Science 

Evolution: Changes in living organism with time is called organic or biological evolution.
Hierarchy of classification: The taxa of living organisms are ranked in a hierarchy of categories as follows:

Kingdom                      Animalia
Phylum                        Chordata
Class                            Mammalia
Order                          Primate
Family                         Hominidae
Genus                          Homo
Species                        Sapiens

Five kingdom classification: Robert Whittaker(1959) has classified all living organisms into the following five kingdoms.

1. Kingdom Monera: Unicellular, prokaryotes
Example: Bacteria, blue-green algae

2. Kingdom Protista: Unicellular, eukaryotes.
Example: Protozoans, algae

3. Kingdom Fungi: Multicellular eukaryotes non-green heterotrophs lacking chlorophyll and having absorptive mode of nutrition.
Example: Mushrooms, molds kingdom.

KSEEB Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7

4. Kingdom Plantae: Multicellular, Eukaryotic, green plants and autotrophic mode of nutrition.
Example: Algae, ferns, flowering plants

5. Kingdom Animalia: Multicellular, Eukaryotic, heterotrophic, and ingestive mode of nutrition.
Example: Corals, insects, fishes, birds, etc

Thallophyta (Thallus – undifferentiated, Phyta-plant):

• Plants do not have well-differentiated body designs.
• They are commonly called algae.
• They are aquatic.

Example: Spirogyra, Ultrix, chara

Bryophyta(Bryon – moss, Phyta – plant):

• They are the first plants to live on land and in water and are therefore called the amphibians of the plant kingdom.
• The vascular tissues(xylem and phloem) are completely absent.
• The main plant body is gametophyte.
• Plants are fixed by means of hair-like rhizoids

KSEEB Class 9 Science Diversity in Living Organisms Solutions

Example: Liver works, Moses

Pteridophyta(Pteris – idos = fern):

• They are the first vascular plants.
• The plants are sporophytes(diploid) and are made up of true roots, true stems, and true leaves.
• The fertilized egg develops into the embryo.

Examples: Lycopodium, selaginella, marsilea

Gymnosperms(Gymno – naked, Sperm – seed):

• These are naked-seeded plants, i.e, seeds are not enclosed within fruits.
• The flowers are represented by unisexual cones, both being present on the same plant.

Example: Pinus, cycas

Angiosperms(Angio – covered, Sperma – seed):

1. These are the most common covering plants.
2. They are divided into two groups on the basis of the number of cotyledons present in the seed.

• Monocotyledons: Seeds have single cotyledons.
  Examples: Maize, wheat, paddy, etc.
• Dicotyledons: Seeds having double cotyledons.
  Example: Pea, bean, gram, etc

Kingdom Animalia:

• These are multicellular, eukaryotes without a cell wall.
• They are heterotrophic.
• They are classified under different phyla Porifera, Coelenterata, and Platyhelminthes, as helminths, Annelida, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Chordata.

Karnataka Board 9th Science Chapter 7 Notes PDF

Porifera(Gr. Porus – pore, Ferre – to bear):

• They are commonly called sponges.
• They are mostly marine.
• They have the cellular level of organization.
• The body is perforated by numerous pores(Ostia).
• Reproduction is asexual as well as sexual.

Example: Sycon, spongin

Coelenterata or cnidaria(Gr. Koilos – hollow, enteron – gut):

• They are all aquatic(Fresh and marine water)
• The body of animals is made up of two layers.
• Reproduction is asexual as well as sexual.

Example: Hydra, obelia, jellyfish

Platyhelminthes(Gr. Platys – flat, helmins – worm):

• It includes bilaterally symmetrical flatworms.
• They are triploblastic.
• These animals are mostly hermaphrodites. (bisexual)

Class 9 Science Chapter 7 KSEEB Solutions PDF

Examples: Planaria, liver fluke, tapeworm

Aschelminthes or Nematoda(Gr Ascus – a bladder, Helmins – worm):

• The animal body is cylindrical, bilaterally symmetrical, triploblastic, and unsegmented.
• The cavity present between the body wall and the digestive tract is not a true coelom(pseudocoelom).
• Sexes are generally separate.

Example: Ascaris, hookworm

Annelida(L. Annelus – a ring, Segmented worm):

• The animal body is soft, elongated, and bilaterally symmetrical.
• The body is divided into segments or metameres by ring-like grooves, the annul.
• The body cavity is true coelom.
• The closed circulatory system.
• Reproduction is sexual.

Example: Nereis, earthworm

• The largest Phylum in the animal kingdom.
• They occur on land, in the soil, and in water.
• Body segments bear jointed appendages(legs)
• The body cavity is reduced and contains blood and is called the hemocoel
• Sexes are separate.
  Example: Housefly, crabs, cockroaches

Mollusca(L. Molluscus – soft):

• The animal body is soft and unsegmented without external appendages.
• The body is usually differentiated into three regions head, visceral mass, and ventral foot.
• Sexes are usually separate.
  Example: Chiton, snail, octopus, Mollusca

Echinodermata(Gr. Echinos- spiny, Derma- skin):

• The shape of animals may be stars like, or cylindrical.
• They are unsegmented animals having radial symmetry.
• A true coelom is present.
• Sexes are separate.

Example: Starfish, brittle star, sea urchin

Chordata(Gr. Chorda- string):

• Most advanced animal phylum The main distinctive characteristics of this phylum are:

1. Notochord, a solid unjointed rod is present.
2. A dorsal hollow nerve cord.
3. Presence of gill slits.

• The phylum Chordata is divided into two subphyla:

1. Protochordate
2. Vertebrata

KSEEB 9th Science Chapter 7 Important Questions

Protochordate(Proto – first, Chordata – notochord):

• They are exclusively marine, triploblastic, and coelomate.
• Bilateral symmetry is found.
• Along rod-like support structure called a notochord is present at some stage of life.

Example: Balanoglossus

Vertebrata:

• These animals have a true vertebral column and internal skeleton.
• All chordates possess the following features:
• They have a notochord.
• They have a dorsal nerve cord.
• They are triploblastic.
• They are coelomate.

Vertebrates are grouped into 5 classes:

1. Pisces
2. Amphibia
3. Reptilia
4. Aves
5. Mammalia

Class: Pisces

• They are commonly called fishes.
• They exclusively live in water.
• The body is covered with scales.
• The body is streamlined.
• Fins are present.
• Respiration is through the gills.
• They are cold-blooded and lay eggs.
• Fishes are of two types based on the nature of the
  skeleton.

1. Cartilaginous fish – Skeleton made entirely of cartilage.
   Example: Shark, rays, etc
2. Bony fish – Skeleton made up of bones.
   Example: Catla, flying fish, etc

Class : Amphibia(Amphi – both, Bios – life):

• They are found both in water and on land.
• Respiration is either through the gills or lungs.
• They have mucus glands in the skin without scales.
• They are cold-blooded and oviparous(lay eggs).
• The heart is three-chambered.
• Limbs: Fore limbs – four digits, Hind limb – five digits.
• External fertilization

Class: Reptilia (creeping or crawling animals):

• These are the first terrestrial vertebrates.
• The body is divisible in the head, neck, and trunk.
• The pentadactyl, body is covered with epidermal horny scales.
• Respiration takes place through the lungs only.
• Three-chambered hearts, while crocodiles have four-chambered hearts.
• They are cold-blooded and lay eggs with thick coverings on land.

Class: Aves:

• They are warm-blooded animals.
• The heart is four-chambered, warm-blooded, and oviparous.
• Forelimbs are modified into wings.
• The body is covered with feathers.
• They breathe through their lungs.
• Jaws are modified into beaks.
• Endoskeleton is light with the bones having air cavities. Example: Ostrich, pigeon, sparrow, crow, peacock

Class : Mammalia(mammals):

• They are found in diverse habitats.
• They have mammary glands for the production of
  milk to nourish their young ones.
• They are warm-blooded.
• The heart is four-chambered, respiratory through gills.
• They have hairs on the body as well as sweat and oil glands.
• They give birth to living young ones and are called viviparous.
• Eyes are provided with movable lids. Ears are fleshy external ears or pinnae.
• Teeth are of different types. Example: Humans, whales, bats, kangaroos, elephants.

Nomenclature: Nomenclature is a system of giving scientific names to plants and animals since the name of every organism is composed of two components. (Genus – generic and species-specific) so this kind of naming is termed Binomial nomenclature. Example: The human species’ scientific name is Homosapiens. Homo is a genetic name and sapiens is a specific name.

Diversity In Living Organisms Exercises

Question 1. What are the advantages of classifying organisms?
Answer:
The advantages of classifying organisms are:

• It gives information regarding the diversity of plants and animals.
• It makes the study of a wide variety of organisms easy.
• It helps in understanding the evolution of organisms.

Question 2. How would you choose between two characteristics to be used for developing a hierarchy in classification?
Answer: Before developing a hierarchy in classification, we need to decide the characteristics of a species.
Example: Nature of cell, body features

Question 3. Explain the basis for grouping organisms into
five kingdoms.
Answer:
The basis for grouping organisms into five kingdoms depends on their

• Cell structure
• Mode of nutrition
• Body organization
• Phylogenetic relationship

KSEEB Class 9 Science Textbook Solutions Chapter 7

Question 4. What are the major divisions in the Plantae? What is the basis for these divisions?
Answer:
The major divisions in the Plantae are:

• Thallophyta
• Bryophyta
• Pteridophyta
• Gymnosperms
• Angiosperms

The basis for division in the Plantae are:

• Well-differentiated distinct components in the body.
• The presence or absence of vascular tissues.
• The ability to bear seeds.
• Weather seeds are naked or enclosed within fruits.

Question 5. How are the criteria for deciding divisions in
Are plants different from the criteria for deciding the subgroups among animals?
Answer: The criteria for deciding divisions in plants are different from the criteria for deciding the subgroups among animals because the basic designs of their body are different. The presence or absence of a skeleton

Question 6. Explain how animals in Vertebrata are classified into further subgroups.
Answer: The following characteristics are considered while
classifying Vertebrata into further subgroups:

• Habitat
• Endoskeleton or exoskeleton
• Kind of respiratory organs
• Heart chambers
• Fertilization
• The method of reproduction

Diversity In Living Organisms Textual Questions

Question 1. Why do we classify organisms?
Answer: There is a vast number of living organisms in the biosphere and they have a great diversity in shape, size, and form. It is not possible to study every organism at the individual level, therefore we have to classify the organisms to study the diversity of organisms.

Question 2. Give three examples of the range of variations that you see in life forms around you.
Answer:

• The size and structure
• Life span
• Variations in body colors

Question 3. Which do you think is a more basic characteristic for classifying organisms?

• The place where they live.
• The kind of cells they are made up of. Why?

Answer: The more basic characteristic used for making the division of organisms is the kind of cells they are made up of because many different kinds of organisms may live in the same habitat but they do not belong to the same group.

Question 4. What is the primary characteristic on which the first division of organisms is made?
Answer: The primary characteristic on which the first division of organisms is made on whether the organisms are prokaryotic or eukaryotic.

Question 5. On what basis are plants and animals put into different categories?
Answer: Plants and animals are put into different categories on the basis of their mode of nutrition as well as body designs.

Question 6. Which organisms are called primitive and how
are they different from the so-called advanced
organisms?
Answer:

Question 7. Will advanced organisms be the same as complex organisms? Why?
Answer: Yes. Complex organisms are comparatively more advanced as compared to simple organisms. It is because the complexity of organisms has increased over evolutionary time.

Question 8. What is the Criterion for the classification of organisms as belonging to Kingdom Monera or Protista?
Answer: The organisms which do not possess well-defined nuclei, organelles, and multicellular border designs are grouped under the Kingdom Monera.
Example: Bacteria, blue-green algae
The organisms which are unicellular and Eukaryotic are grouped under the Protista.
Example: Protozoans, diatoms

Karnataka Board 9th Science Chapter 7 MCQs

Question 9. Kingdom value places an organism that is single-celled, eukaryotic, and photosynthetic.
Answer: Kingdom Protista

Question 10. In the hierarchy of classification, which grouping will have the smallest number of organisms with a maximum of characteristics in common, and which will have the largest number of organisms?
Answer: In the hierarchy of classification species will have the smallest number of organisms with a maximum of characteristics in common the Kingdom will have the largest number of organisms.

Question 11. Which division among plants has the simplest
organism?
Answer: The organism belonging to the division Thallophyta is the simplest among the plants.

Question 12. How are pteridophytes different from phanerogams?
Answer: The pteridophytes do not produce seeds. The phanerogams produce seeds

Question 13. How do gymnosperms and angiosperms differ
from each other?
Answer: The Gymnosperms bear naked seeds The Angiosperms bear seeds inside the fruit

Question 14. How do poriferan animals differ from coelenterate animals?
Answer: Poriferan animals have a cellular level of organization. Coelenterates have a tissue level of organization.

Question 15. How do annelid animals differ from anthropods?
Answer:

Question 16. What are the differences between amphibians and reptiles?
Answer:

Question 17. What are the differences between animals belonging to the Aves group and those in the mammalian group?
Answer:

Diversity In Living Organisms Additional Questions

Question 1. Who proposed the five-kingdom system of classification of organisms?
Answer: Robert.H. Whittaker

Question 2. Define species.
Answer: Species is the lowest category regarded as a basic unit of classification.

Question 3. Name the three germ layers.
Answer: Outer ectoderm, middle mesoderm, and inner endoderm.

Biological Classification Explained Class 9 KSEEB Solutions 

Question 4. What is a taxonomic category?
Answer: A group of organisms developed on the basis of their fundamental structure, similarities, and dissimilarities is called a taxonomic category.

Question 5. What is thallus?
Answer: It is a plant structure not differentiated into roots, stems, and leaves.

Question 6. What is hemocoel?
Answer: The blood-filled cavity is known as hemocoel.

Question 7. What is Binomial Nomenclature? List two advantages of naming organisms.
Answer: System of naming of the living organisms by giving the generic name and specific name.

Diversity in Living Organisms Class 9 KSEEB Question Answer

Naming organisms Advantages:

• It helps in the systematic study of a wide range of living organisms.
• It helps in maintaining a record of diversity for identification and classification.

Question 8. Differentiate between the following

1. Diploblastic and triploblastic
2. Warm-blooded and cold-blooded animals

Answer:

Question 9. Thallophyta, Bryophyta, and Pteridophyta are classified as a crypto game whereas, whereas Gymnosperms and angiosperms are classified as phanerogamae.
Answer: Thallophytes, bryophytes, and pteridophytes are classified as cryptogams as they all have hidden reproductive organs. Whereas gymnosperms and angiosperms are categorized as phanerogams as they have well-developed reproductive organs.

Question 10. Give some features of chordates.
Answer:
All chordates possess the following features:

• Have a notochord
• Have a dorsal nerve cord
• They are triploblastic
• Have paired gill pouches

Diversity In Living Organisms High Order Thinking Questions

Question 1. The presence of coelom in an animal’s body is
considered as advantages.
Answer: Coelom is a true internal body cavity in which well-developed organs can be accommodated.

Question 2. Name two egg-laying mammals.
Answer:

1. Echidna
2. Platypus

Question 3. Why do we keep both snake and turtle in the same class?
Answer:
Because of the common characteristic features like:

1. Cold-blooded
2. Have scales
3. Breathe through lungs
4. Have 3 chambered heart

Question 4. A B and C are living organisms.

1. Identify the group to which they belong on
   the basis of the following features. A- Microscopic, unicellular, prokaryotic B – Microscopic, unicellular, eukaryotic and shows locomotion with the help of pseudopodia C-Multicellular, filamentous, eukaryotic, autotrophic and aquatic
2. Which of the above is most advanced?
3. Name one organism belonging to the groups A, B, and C.

Answer:

1. A – Monera
   B – Protista
   C – Plantae
2. Fungi are the most advanced organisms as compared to protista and monera.
3. A- Bacteria
   B- Amoeba
   C – Spirogyra

Question 5. Give a reason for the following

1. Frogs use both skin and lungs for breathing
2. Birds have pneumatic bones/ hollow bones

Answer:

1. Frogs can breathe with the help of moist skin when they are in water whereas lungs help in breathing when they are on land or swimming at the surface.
2. This makes their body lightweight and helps in easier flying.

Question 6. A plant specimen was found without differentiated roots.

1. Which plant structure helps in attaching the plant to the substratum?
2. To which group you will keep this plant?
3. Which plant could it be?

Answer:

1. Thallus
2. Thallophyta
3. Algae

Diversity In Living Organisms Unit Test

Multiple choice question

Question 1. In a taxonomic hierarchy, as one goes from species to the kingdom the number of common characteristics_____________

1. Will increase
2. Will decrease
3. May increase or decrease
4. Remains same

Answer: 2. Will decrease

Question 2. Which of the following is common amongst plants and animals?___________

1. Both are prokaryotic
2. Both are eukaryotic
3. Both are heterotrophic
4. Both are autotrophic

Answer: 2. Both are eukaryotic

Question 3. Which is not an aquatic animal?___________

1. Hydra
2. Jellyfish
3. Corals
4. Filaria

Answer: 4. Filaria

Question 4. After fertilization, ovules develop into______

1. Zygote
2. Fruit
3. Zygospores
4. Seeds

Answer: 4. Seeds

Question 5. Druthiand Hamsa observed an animal in their garden. Truth called it an insect while Hamsa said it was an earthworm. Choose the character from the following.________

1. Bilateral symmetrical body
2. Body with jointed legs
3. Cylindrical body
4. Body with little segmentation

Answer: 2. Body with Jointed legs

Diversity In Living Organisms Fill in the blanks

1. Animals having soft bodies inside the muscular foot- Mollusca
2. Reptile which has a four-chambered heart – Crocodile
3. Worms causing disease elephantiasis – Filarialworm

Diversity In Living Organisms Match the following

Question 1. How are fungi similar and dissimilar to plants?
Answer: Fungi have cell walls, like plants so they are similar
to plants. Fungi lack chlorophyll unlike green
plants, so they are heterotrophic.

Question 2. Identify the Phylum for the following characteristics.

1. Organisms with joint appendages
2. Organisms are generally flatworms
3. Body is segmented
4. The skin of organisms is full of spines

Answer:

1. Arthropoda
2. Platyhelminthes
3. Annelida
4. Echinodermata

KSEEB Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Exercise Solutions

Question 3. Homosapiens is the scientific name of human beings. What do these two terms imply?
Answer:

• Homo – Generic name
• Sapiens – Name of species

Question 4. Name the reproductive organs of

1. Gymnosperms
2. Angiosperms

Answer:
The reproductive organ of

1. Gymnosperms – Cones
2. Angiosperms – Flowers

Diversity In Living Organisms Class 9 KSEEB Solutions 

Question 5. Why should birds feed more often than lizards?
Answer: Birds are endothermic animals. They have to produce heat by metabolism to maintain body temperature and this needs food.

Diversity In Living Organisms Answer the following

Question 1. Why are angiosperms so-called? In which structures do the seeds develop?
Answer: Angiosperms are so-called because these plants have covered seeds. Seeds develop within the ovary which is later modified into fruit.

Question 2. You are provided with the seeds of a gram, wheat, rice, pumpkin, maize, and pea. Classify whether they are monocots or dicots.
Answer:

• Pumpkin – Dicot
• Rice – Monocot
• Wheat – Monocot
• Gram – Dicot
• Pea – Dicot
• Maize – Monocot

Question 3. Name the five classes of vertebrates. Compare them on the basis of their

1. Habitat
2. Covering of skin
3. Respiratory organ
4. Chambers of heart
5. Reproduction

Answer:

Question 4. Write the general characteristics of class Pisces.
Answer:

• They are exclusively aquatic
• Skin is covered with scales
• They obtain oxygen dissolved in water by using gills
• They are cold-blooded and their hearts have two chambers
• They are oviparous