KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Sociology Chapter 4 Social Problems Notes

Social problems are universal occurrences. There is no society in the world which is free from problems.
The presence of a problem in a society is a sign of its malaise.
The societies of the developing countries are afflicted with many problems i.e., excessive population, poverty, unemployment, beggary, juvenile delinquency, crimes, problems of children labour, corruption, exploitation of women, dowry harassment and disturbed youth.
According to the Constitution, “Child labourers are those who are aged below 14 years and work in order to earn money.”

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Sociology Chapter 4 notes

Majority of the child labourers work in rural areas such as fields, farms and plantations. The rest works in urban and industrial areas.

Child labour is the result of a serious lacuna in the social system.
The government has decided to take certain measures to free children from employment and exploitation and to rehabilitate them.
‘Rehabilitation Welfare Fund of Child Labourers’ is launched by the Central Government providing various facilities and stopping the exploitation of the children.
The ‘Child Labour Prohibition and Control Act (1986) has been passed to prohibit the appointment of child labourers.
Industrialists who violate this law will have to mandatorily contribute 20,000 per child labourer to the welfare fund.

Class 10 Sociology Chapter 4 social problems summary

Article 24 of our Constitution declares that employing children below 14 years for work is a cognizable offence.
The government had undertaken many measures to eradicate child labour, e.g., the National Child Labour Project’ (NCLP) in 1988; ‘Child Labour Eradication and Rehabilitation Act’ in 2006.
One of the innumerable problems being faced by Indian women is harassment.
Rape, violence, suppression, dowry harassment, physical and mental harassment, forced abortions, use of vulgar language, etc., are some of the harassments on women both inside and outside the houses.

Social Problems SSLC Sociology notes

In the name of dowry, women are being abused and subjected to violence, torture and murder.
Giving or receiving dowry is a punishable crime.
Dowry diminishes a woman’s self-respect, dignity and stature.
In order to escape from the dowry menace, people are resorting to child marriage, female feticide and female infanticide.
To eradicate the dowry system, the Central Government has passed an Act called Prohibition of Dowry Act’ in 1961.
This Act was amended in 1986.