KSEEB Solutions Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Biosphere Points To Remember
The biosphere is the fourth component of the earth and it is the totality of all living things on earth. Ecology is the study of the interaction of living organisms with their physical, chemical and biological environment. In a natural environment, there is a perfect balance between the various organisms living together in the biosphere. This is known as ecological. The environment is the surrounding where an organism, a community or an object exists. The environment is of two types- Natural or geographical and Cultural or man-made. Pollutants are substances that cause pollution. Pollutants are natural and man-made.
Manmade pollutants are considered to be more dangerous and hazardous than natural pollutants. The pollutants may be visible like smoke, gases, dust, garbage, sewage, etc., and invisible like bacteria, toxic chemicals mixed with water, food, soil, etc.
According to World Health Organisation (W.H.O)., air pollution is defined as, Substances put into the air by the activity of mankind in concentration, sufficient to cause harmful effects to health, vegetation and property.
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The important sources of air pollutants are Natural: Volcanoes, forest fires, cosmic dust, etc. Man-made: Gases from industries, domestic use, automobiles, mining, nuclear power plants, nuclear explosions, etc.
Water pollution is ‘an alteration in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of water which may have harmful effects on human and aquatic life.
Soil pollution is a ‘decrease in the quality of soils either due to human sources or natural sources or by both’.
Noise pollution is ‘any undesirable sound dumped into the atmosphere leading to health hazards ’. The temperature of the earth is increasing slowly over the years. For the last few years, global temperature has increased This phenomenon is termed Global warming.
The warming of the atmosphere is caused by the greenhouse effect and the trapping of heat by the atmosphere. The world getting warmer, climatic zones are shifting, glaciers are melting and the sea level is rising due to global warming Example:- the high rate of melting of ice in the Himalayas, Arctic and Antarctic regions.
Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases trap the heat radiated from the earth. Thus increasing in greenhouse gases is causing an increase in temperature. This is called the ‘Greenhouse effect. Ozone absorbs ultraviolet rays and protects all forms of life on the earth’s surface. In recent years the use of air conditioners, refrigerators, sprays and deodorants is destroying the ozone due to the synthetic chemicals released into the atmosphere, primarily ‘chlorofluorocarbons’ (CFC).
The highest ozone depletion in the world is recorded in the atmosphere over Antarctica. The ozone depletion has caused the ozone hole. This has to be controlled for the sake of the people of the present and future generations.
Acid rain contains high amounts of acids particularly sulphuric acid and carbon monoxide. Acid rain is also referred to as ‘ lake killer’. The ‘Black Triangle’ stretching over Poland, the Czech Republic and Southeast Germany is one of the worst acid rain-affected regions in the world. The variety of flora (plants) and fauna (animals) in a region is known as biodiversity.
The conservation of ‘Biodiversity’ is very important to save and protect rare plants and animal species. Providing a good environment. condition for their living is the best means of protection.
Class 8 Geography Biosphere KSEEB Notes
Kseeb Solutions For Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Pdf
Answer the following questions:
Question 1. What is Biosphere?
Answer: The biosphere is the fourth component of the earth and it is the totality of all living things on earth.
Question 2. Define ecology.
Answer: Ecology is the study of the interaction of living organisms with their physical, chemical and biological environment.
Question 3. Name the different types of environmental pollution.
Answer: Air pollution, Water pollution, Soil pollution and Noise pollution are the different types of environmental pollution.
Question 4. What are the measures to control water pollution?
Answer:
Measures to control water pollution are:
Industrial effluents must be treated
Drinking water sources must be kept clean
Sewage treatment plants must be established
Disposal of waste on the water bodies must be controlled, etc.
Kseeb Solutions Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Notes
Question 5. What is Bio-diversity?
Answer: The variety of flora (plants) and fauna (animals) in a region is known as biodiversity.
Biosphere Define the following:
Biosphere: The biosphere is the fourth component of the earth and it is the totality of all living things on earth.
Ecological imbalance: In a natural environment, there is no perfect balance between the various organisms living together in the biosphere. This is known as an ecological imbalance.
Global warming: The temperature of the earth is increasing slowly over the years. For the last few years, global temperature has increased. This phenomenon is termed Global warming.
Greenhouse effect: The greenhouse effect is the increase of greenhouse gases causing an increase in temperature.
Ozone depletion: Damages caused in the Ozone layer are called Ozone depletion.
Acid rain: The rain contains high amounts of acids particularly sulphuric acid and carbon monoxide.
Biosphere Terms to remember:
Pollution: Pollution is the unfavourable alteration of our surroundings, wholly or partly by human action through direct and indirect effects.
Environmental Day: It is celebrated on 5’h June every year to protect Environment.
Climate change: Desirable or undesirable changes take place in the atmosphere.
Chlorofluorocarbons (CFC): A pollutant which causes air pollution.
Earth Hour and Earth Day: A measure to save ‘Mother Planet’.
‘Save Earth’: To ‘Save Earth’ and ‘Mother Planet’ we must educate people, formulate awareness programmes, utilize resources judiciously, and control pollution awareness through education, symposiums, seminars, skits, films, and summits.
Biosphere Additional Questions And Answers
Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:
Question 1. The fourth component of the earth which is the totality of all living things on earth is
- Atmosphere
- Hydrosphere
- Biosphere
- Lithosphere
Answer: 3. Biosphere
Question 2. An Example of an invisible pollutant is
- Smoke
- Gases
- Dust
- Toxic chemicals mixed with water
Answer: 4. Toxic chemicals mixed with water
Kseeb Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Important Questions
Question 3. An Example of visible pollutants is
- Bacteria
- Toxic chemicals mixed with soil
- Dust
- Toxic chemicals mixed with water
Answer: 3. Dust
Question 4. The Natural sources of air pollutants are
- Volcanoes and forest fire
- Cosmic dust and automobiles
- Mining and nuclear power plants
- Nuclear explosions and forest fire
Answer: 1. Volcanoes and forest fire
KSEEB Geography Chapter 5 Class 8 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 5. The Man-made sources of air pollutants are
- Volcanoes and forest fire
- Cosmic dust and automobiles
- Mining and nuclear power plants
- Nuclear explosions and forest fire
Answer: 3. Mining and nuclear power plants
Question 6. Ozone depletion takes place due to
- Soil pollution
- Sound pollution
- Air pollution
- Water pollution
Answer: 3. Air pollution
Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Biosphere Kseeb
Question 7. The effects of water pollution are
- Cholera and typhoid
- Wasteland and destruction of microorganisms
- Headaches and restlessness
- Cardiovascular diseases and behavioural changes
Answer: 1. Cholera and typhoid
Question 8. The Natural pollutants for Noise pollution are
- Industrial noise and automobiles
- Aircraft and domestic noise
- Waterfalls and ocean waves
- Domestic noise and mining
Answer: 3. Waterfalls and ocean waves
Question 9. The greenhouse gas which results in Greenhouse effects is
- Carbon dioxide
- Oxygen
- Ethene
- Nitrogen
Answer: 1. Carbon dioxide
Question 10. The highest ozone depletion in the world is recorded in the atmosphere over
- Arctic
- Antarctica
- North America
- Europe
Answer: 2. Antarctica
Biosphere Answer The Following Questions in a Sentence Each
Question 1. What is Ecological balance?
Answer: In a natural environment, there is a perfect balance between the various organisms living together in the biosphere. This is known as ecological balance.
Question 2. What is meant by Ecosystem?
Answer: An ecosystem is defined as the total assemblage of components entering into the interactions of a group of organisms.
Question 3. What is Soil pollution?
Answer: Environmental pollution is the unfavourable alteration of our surroundings, wholly or partly by human action through direct and indirect effects.
Question 4. What is Noise pollution?
Answer: Noise pollution is ‘any undesirable sound dumped into the atmosphere leading to health hazards.
Question 5. What is a killer lake?
Answer: Acid rain is also referred to as‘ lake killer’.
Question 6. What are the Pollutants?
Answer: Pollutants are substances that cause pollution.
Kseeb Class 8 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Exercise Answers
Biosphere Answer the following questions in four to five sentences each:
Question 1. What is the significance of the ecosystem?
Answer: Without ecosystem or ecological balance in the biosphere one cannot imagine the existence of plants, animals and microorganisms either single or in a community. Every organism adjusts itself to its physical habitat.
Question 2. What is the Environment? Mention its types.
Answer: Environment is the surrounding where an organism, a community or an object exists. The environment is of two types:
- Natural or geographical and
- Cultural or man-made.
Question 3. What are the main causes of Environmental pollution?
Answer: The factors like overpopulation, industrialization, urbanization, over-exploitation of resources, over-utilization of automobiles, etc. have influenced a change in the living conditions of plants, animals and human beings.
Question 4. What is air pollution according to World Health Organisation (W.H.O)?
Answer: According to World Health Organisation (W.H.O)., air pollution is defined as, ‘Substances put into the air by the activity of mankind in concentration, sufficient to cause harmful effects to his health, vegetation and property.
Question 5. What are the main causes of air pollution?
Answer:
The important sources of air pollutants are:
Natural: Volcanoes, forest fires, cosmic dust, etc.
Man-made: Gases from industries, domestic use, automobiles, mining, nuclear power plants, nuclear explosions, etc.
Question 6. Air pollution affects human beings and the environment. Justify.
Answer: The important effects are changes in weather and climatic conditions, ozone depletion, the greenhouse effect, global warming, an effect on human health, a problem with the respiratory system, and an effect on the life of animals and plants.
Question 7. How can air pollution be controlled?
Answer: Control of gaseous pollutants, control of emissions from automobiles, planting of more trees, use of non-conventional energy sources, awareness programme, legal control, literacy and education etc.
Kseeb Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Summary And Notes
Question 8. List out Natural and manmade causes of water pollution
Answer:
The important sources of water pollution are:
Natural: Soil erosion, landslides, volcanic eruption, decay and decomposition of plants and animals etc.
Man-made: Industrial effluents, urban waste, domestic waste, agricultural waste, thermal waste, oil spill, offshore drilling, nuclear waste etc.
KSEEB Class 8 Biosphere Study Materials
Question 9. Mention the sources of soil pollution.
Answer: Sources of soil pollution are, industrial and mining waste, Domestic and urban waste, agricultural waste, nuclear waste etc.
Question 10. What are the effects of soil pollution?
Answer:
The Effects of soil pollution are:
It decreases the fertility of the soil
It converts the region into a wasteland
It destroys the microorganisms in the soil
Question 11. How can soil pollution be controlled?
Answer: Measures to control soil pollution are Controlled and judicious use of chemical fertilizers, pesticides and insecticides, proper disposal of industrial and urban waste, proper use of land and crop management, awareness programmes on proper soil utilization and its maintenance etc.
Question 12. Why noise pollution is most dangerous than other pollution?
Answer: Noise pollution causes a temporary or permanent hearing problems, headaches, restlessness, cardiovascular diseases, Psychological disorder, behavioural changes, lack of concentration, etc.
Kseeb Class 8 Geography Chapter 5 Biosphere Question Answers
Question 13. The temperature of the earth is increasing slowly over the years. Why?
Answer: The warming of the atmosphere is caused by the greenhouse effect and the trapping of heat by the atmosphere. The world getting warmer, climatic zones are shifting, glaciers are melting and the sea level is rising due to global warming Example:-the high rate of melting of ice in the Himalayas, Arctic and Antarctic regions.
Question 14. The conservation of ‘Biodiversity’ is very important. Why?
Answer:
To save and protect rare plants and animal species.
The earth is the only living planet in our solar system.
The way in which changes, disturbances, and hazards are taking place on the earth, can lead to the destruction of the quality of life on our earth in the near future.