KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Geography Chapter 4 Indian Soil Types in India
- Soil is the thin surface layer of the earth comprising of closely intermixed mineral and organic substances.
- Soil formation of India is mainly related to the parent rock, relief, climate and natural vegetation. So there is a wide variety of soils in India.
“Class 10 Karnataka Board Geography Chapter 4 notes”
Soils of India can be classified into six main types.
- Alluvial soil: They are formed from the sediments deposited by the rivers as in the Indo-Gangetic plain and by the sea waves in coastal plain.
- Black soils: This soil is also known as ‘Regur’ and black cotton soil as they are best suited for cotton cultivation. They are derived from the basalt rock. So they are dark grey to black in colour, with high clay content.
“KSEEB Class 10 Geography Indian Soils notes”
- Red soils: They are formed from the weathering of granite, gneiss and other crystalline rocks.
- Laterite Soils: These soils are formed in tropical areas under the conditions of high temperature and rainfall.
- Desert Soils: These soils are formed under desert and semi desert, conditions. They are largely found in the north- western part of India
- Mountain Soils: These soils are mainly found on the slopes of mountains and hills covered by forests. They are mostly formed due to the decomposition of organic matter. Soil Erosion and Conservation
Soil erosion refers to the removal of top soil by natural agents.
“SSLC Geography Chapter 4 Indian Soils explained”
The main causes of soil erosion are:
- deforestation,
- overgrazing,
- shifting cultivation,
- faulty methods of cultivation,
- use of top soil for making bricks, tiles etc.,
Effects of soil erosion:The important effects of soil erosion are:
- Decrease in soil fertility and agricultural productivity.
- Silting and floods, change of river courses, and reduction of capacity of the reservoirs.
- Lowering of groundwater level. (iv) Vegetation covers dries up and drought increase.
“KSEEB SSLC Indian Soils chapter summary”