KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 6 Rise Of Jainism And Buddhism Points To Remember
Jainism and Buddhism are the two important religions that emerged during 6th century B.C.E. in the mid-region of the river Ganga plan buddha and Mahaveera preached peace, non-violence, tolerance, and human values which are the essence of plural cultures. The first two Varnas, Brahmin and Kshatriya were there, and below them were Vysya and Shudra. Though the Vyshyas, who were engaged in animal husbandry and business, were also called ‘twice born’ (Dvija), still certain prohibitions were on them.
- Women along with Shudhras were considered as profane.
- Since both Jainism and Buddhism rejected animal sacrifice and advocated non-violence a new hope became visible to people.
- The Visayas who were placed in third place in the Varna system commanded no respect from the society.
- The ‘Janapadas’ ca ‘Mahajanapadas’ in the river Ganga plains were getting tensioned into kingships.
- Instead of Sanskrit Buddha and Mahaveera preached to the people in their own languages ‘Pali’and ‘Prakrith’ they offered a new path to the people by rejecting the Vedic religion.
- Rishabha was the first Tirthankara whereas Parswanatha was the 23 Tirthankara.
- The four principles preached by Parswanatha, were Non-violence, Truth, Astheya (not to steal), and Aparigraha (not to own property)The fifth principle of Brahmacharya was taught by VardhamanaHe was the 24th Tirthankara
- Vardhamana was born in Kundala grama in Vaishali, one of the republics is father was Siddhartha, the king of the Gnatrika tribe his mother was Trishaladevi, the princess of the Republic of Licchavi.
- Vardhamana controlled his senses and achieved power over comfort and pain due to this achievement, he came to be known as ‘Mahaveer’ and became a ‘Jina’.
- A Jina was one who had overcome his senses and become victoriousThus his followers came to be called Jains.
- Mahaveer taught five vows and three principles of behavior later are called Triratnas.
- The 5 vows are as follows:
1. Non-violence
2. Truth
3. Astheya
4. Aparigraha
5. Brahmacharya - The Triratna are as follows :
1. Samyakgyan
2. Samyakdarshan
3. Samyakcharitra - Purification is possible through meditation, fasting, punishment of the body, and thereby, destruction of the body this process is known as sallekhana.
- The two important sects among Jains are called Swethambars and DigambarsThose saints and their followers who wear white clothes are called Swethambars, whereas those saints and their followers who do not wear any clothes are called Digambars.
- Siddartha who later became known as Gautam Buddha was born in the 6mcentury B.C.E
- Attaining enlightenment, he became BuddhaAfter becoming Buddha, the ‘Enlightened One, he first went to Sarnath near BanarasThere, in the deer park, he gave his first sermon.
- Buddha preached the Eight Fold Path for eliminating desires. This is called the Middle Path.
- The Eight Fold Paths are: Right –
1. Action
2. Speech
3. Vision
4. Livelihood
5. Effort
6. Recollection
7. Resolve
8. Thought. - Buddha gave his messages in Prakrit, the language of the common man, and related them to various aspects of their tradition.
- Buddha’s glorious life of selfless service came to an end at KushinagarThis has been called ‘Mahapari nirvana’.
- In 1956, inspired by Buddha’s teachings, India’s prominent social philosopher and architect of the constitution, Baba Saheb DrB.R. Ambedkar embraced Buddhism.
- The Macedonian king Alexander won over the Greek city-states and captured Persia.
- When Alexander accepted the invitation of Ambhi, the king of Taxila, and came to India, it was Paurava that he had to confrontPaurava was also called Porus.
- The arrival of the Greeks influenced North Indian art and science proof of this influence can be found in the famous art form known as Gandhara art which existed at that time.
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Rise Of Jainism And Buddhism Exercises
Complete the following sentences by using suitable words in the blanks:
- The first Jain Tirthankara was Rishabha
- Vardhamana was born at Kundala grama
- Mahaveera attained enlightenment in his 42nd year
- Mahaveera attained Nirvana at Pavapuri in his 72nd year.
- The original name of Gautama Buddha was Siddartha
- Buddha delivered his first sermon at Sarnath.
- The first sermon of Buddha is called Dharma Chakra Pravarthana.
Kseeb Solutions For Class 8 History Chapter 6 Rise Of Jainism And Buddhism
Rise Of Jainism And Buddhism Answer the following brief
Question 1. Write in detail about Mahaveera’s life.
Answer: Vardhamana was born in Kundala grama in Vaishali, one of the republics is father was Siddhartha, the king of the Gnatrika tribe his mother was Trishaladevi, the princess of the Republic of Licchavi.At the age of 30 Vardhamana set out in search of truth and renounced his family and house wandered for 12 years in this quest and meditated and punished his body by fasting at the age of 42, he achieved enlightenment (Kaivalya)Vardhamana controlled his senses and achieved power over comfort and pain due to this achievement.
He came to be known as “Mahaveer’ and became a ‘Jina’A Jina was one who had overcome his senses and become victoriousThus his followers came to be called JainsMahaveera spent thirty years, i.e., the rest of his life preaching his knowledge to the people around the Ganga and Yamuna rivers. He traveled towards Western India preaching his thoughts attained nirvana in his 72nayear in Pavapuri of Bihar
Question 2. What are the Triratna’s?
Answer: Mahaveer taught five vows and three principles of behaviors later are called Triratnas.
The 5 vows are as follows:
1. Non-violence
2. Truth
3. Astheya
4. Aparigraha
5. Brahmacharya
The Triratna are as follows:
1. Samyakgyan
2. Samyakdarshan
3. Samyakcharitra
Question 3. Name the sects among the Jains.
Answer: The two important sects among Jains are Swethambars and Digambar.Those saints and their followers who wear white
clothes are called Swethambars, Those saints and their followers who do not wear any clothes are called Digambars.
Question 4. What is the middle path?
Answer: Buddha preached the Eight Fold Path for eliminating desires. This is called the Middle Path.
The Eight Fold Paths are:
Right-
1. Action
2. Speech
3. Vision
4. Livelihood.
5. Effort
6. Recollection
7. Resolve
8. Thought.
Question 5. Who were the people influenced by the new religion?
Answer: Baba Saheb DrB.R.Ambedkar, Fa Hien, It Sing and Hiuen Tsang
Question 6.Write a note on the Tripitikas.
Answer: After Buddha’s death, his followers collected his teachings and tradition in the form of TripitakasThese are Vinaya, Dhamma and Abhidhamma pikas
Rise Of Jainism And Buddhism Class 8 Kseeb Solutions Pdf
Rise Of Jainism And Buddhism Additional Questions And Answers
Choose the correct alternative and Write the complete answer along with its alphabet in the sheet provided:
Question 1. The languages which were preached the people instead of Sanskrit were
1)‘Pali’ and ‘Prakrith’
2)Kharoshti and ‘Prakrith’
3)‘Pali’ and Kharoshti
4)Ardhamagadi and Kharoshti
Answer: 1) ‘Pali’ and ‘Prakrith’
Question 2. The first Tirthankara was
1) Rishabha
2) Parswanatha
3)Mahaveera
4)Aswasena
Answer: 1) Rishabha
Question 3. The 23 Tirthankara was
1)Rishabha
2)Parswanatha
3)Vardhamana
4)Aswasena
Answer: 2) Parswanatha
Question 4. The 24 Tirthankara was
1)Rishabha
2) Parswanatha
3) Vardhamana
4)Aswasena
Answer: 3) Vardhamana
Question 5The son of Siddhartha, the king of the Gnatrika tribe was
1)Rishabha
2)Parswanatha
3)Vardhamana
4)Aswasena
Answer: 3) Vardhamana
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Question 6. A Jina was one who had overcome his
1)Senses and become victorious
2)Problems and becoming victorious
3)Senses and become God
4)Foresightedness and sads
Answer: 1) Senses and become victorious
Question 7. Mahaveera attained nirvana in his 72nd year in Pavapuri of
1)West Bengal
2)Bihar
3)Orissa
4)Uttar Pradesh
Answer: 2) Bihar
Question 8. The two important sects among Jains are called an ae :
1)Swethambars and Digambars
2)Hinayana and Digambars
3)Swethambars and Mahayana
4)Vajrayana and Hinayana
Answer: 1) Swethambars and Digambar
Question 9. The childhood name of Gautama Buddha was :
1)Siddartha
2)Shuddodana
3)Vardhamana
4)Rahul
Answer: 1) Siddartha
Question 10. Which one among the following is not a Pitaka?
1)Vinaya
2)Dhamma
3)Abhidhamma
4)Sutta
Answer: 2) Dhamma
Rise Of Jainism And Buddhism Complete the following sentences by using suitable words in the blanks:
- The Jains believed in the existence of 24 Tirthankaras.
- The fifth principle of Brahmacharya was taught by Brahmacharya
- Vardhamana was born in Kundala grama in Vaishali
- The mother of Vardhamana was Trishaladevi
- Hinayana, Mahayana and Vajrayana are the sects of Buddhism
Rise Of Jainism And Buddhism Class 8 Summary Kseeb
Rise Of Jainism And Buddhism Answer the following questions in a sentence each:
Question 1. Name the cities which were in Bihar during the birth of new religions.
Answer: Koushambi, Kushinagar, Varanasi and Vaishali, Rajagruha, Chiranda cities in Bihar came into prominence Artisans and business people came and settled in these cities
Question 2. Why was Vardhamana known as Mahaveer?
Answer: At the age of 42, he achieved enlightenment (Kaivalya)Vardhamana controlled his senses and achieved power over comfort and pain due to this achievement, he came to be known as Mahaveer
Question 3. Define sallekhana.
Answer: Purification is possible through meditation, fasting, punishment of the body, and thereby, destruction of the body. This process is known as sallekhana
Question 4. What is Dharma Chakra Pravarthana?
Answer: Buddha, the ‘Enlightened One’, first went to Sarnath near BanarasThere, in the deer park, he gave his first sermon. This has been called Dharma Chakra Pravarthana.
Rise Of Jainism And Buddhism Answer the following questions in four sentences each:
Question 1. Which are the Eight ye Paths of Gautama Buddha.
Answer:
The Eight Fold Paths are :
Right –
1. Action
2. Speech
3. Vision
4. Livelihood
5. Effort
6. Recollection
7. Resolve
8. Thought.
Question 2. How did Gouthama Buddha popularize Buddhism?
Answer: Buddha inspired wealthy merchants, artisans, and common people by the new teachings. Buddha preached various aspects of the tradition of a common man in Prakrit. Buddhism took on new role of transforming the lives of people. Buddha and his followers visited Kosala, Magadha to spread his messages. They walked from one city to are and devoted their lives for others.
Kseeb Solutions For Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 6
Question 3. Mention the four principles preached by Parswanatha
Answer:
The four principles preached by Parswanatha were :
1. Non-violence
2. Truth
3. Astheya (not to steal)
4. Aparigraha (not to own property)
Question 4. What were the common teachings of Buddha and Mahaveera?
Answer: The religions of Buddha and Mahaveera identified desire as the main reason for all human hardships. They gave a call to overcome them. They supported simple living without
the accumulation of too much wealth. They rejected luxurious life and advocated peaceful and moral family life. Instead of Sanskrit, they preached to the people in their own languages ‘Pali’ and ‘Prakrith’ They offered a new path to the people by rejecting the Vedic religion.
Question 5. Why did Buddha and Mahaveera start new religions in India?
Answer: Indian society was divided on the basis of Varnas. The Shudras were considered as the labor class Women along with Shudhras were considered as profane The agricultural practices and rise in food production. The oxen were sacrificed during religious rituals which brought down their number
Question 6. Animal scarifies led to the birth of new religions justify.
Answer: In order to improve food production, the use of oxen were inevitable. The oxen were sacrificed during religious rituals which brought down their number. In this background, since both Jainism and Buddhism rejected animal sacrifice and advocated non-violence a new hope became visible to people.
Question 7. How did kingship emerge in Janapadas?
Answer: The ‘Janapadas’ and ‘Mahajanapadas’ in the river Ganga plains were getting transformed into kingships. The new kings from these ‘janapada’ communities were looking for a way out to break the hegemony of the Vedic religion. They accepted the philosophy of Buddha and Mahaveera who preached the futility of war and supported non-violence.
Explanation Of Rise Of Jainism And Buddhism In KSEEB History
Question 8. How did Vardhamana Mahaveera attain enlightenment?
Answer: At the age of 30 Vardhamana set out in search of truth and renounced his family and house. He wandered for 12 years in this quest and meditated. He punished his body by fasting at the age of 42, he achieved enlightenment (Kaivalya)Vardhamana controlled his senses and achieved power over comfort and pain due to this achievement, he came to be known as“Mahaveer’ and became a ‘Jina’A Jina was one who had overcome his senses and become victoriousThus his followers came to be called Jains.
Question 9. What are the 5 vows of Jainism?
Answer:
The 5 vows are as follows:
1. Non-violence
2. Truth
3. Astheya
4. Aparigraha
5. Brahmacharya
Question 10.Mention the triratnas of Jainism.
Answer:
The Triratna are as follows :
1. Samyakgyan
2. Samyakdarshan
3. Samyakcharitra
Karnataka Board Class 8 Social Science Chapter 6 Textbook Solutions
Question 11. Jainism places God at a lower level than Jina. Why?
Answer: Jainism does not reject the existence of God completely, yet it advocates atheism denies the role of God in the daily affairs of people, and places God at a lower level than Jina.
Question 12. The concept of Karma is a very important aspect of Jainism. Why?
Answer: The concept of Karma is a very important aspect of JainismAccording to this, a human being can attain salvation only through good and holy acts. To attain enlightenment, the soul had to achieve freedom from the bondage of the body.
Question 13. Differentiate between Swethambars and Digambar.
Answer: Those saints and their followers who wear white clothes are called Swethambars, whereas those saints and their followers who do not wear any clothes are called Digambars.
Question 14. Why did Jains migrate to the south and settled down at Shravanabelagola?
Answer: Very early, a group of Jains migrated to the South due to the famine in Bihar, and settled down at Shravanabelagola.