KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Political Science Chapter 5 International Institution Notes

Establishment of UNO; Aims of UNO; Different Institutions of UNO; Achievements of UNO

The word United Nations was proposed by Roosevelt of USA and it was used after the signing of agreement between 26 nations in January 1, 1945.

On June 26, 1945, 51 nations signed the conference of UNO in San Francisco. Later, on October 24, 1945 United Nations Organization was officially founded.
At present, 193 out of 195 countries have become the members of UNO.
The membership is open to all peace-loving countries.

The following are the aims of UNO:

Safeguarding international peace and security.
Fostering cooperation among nations.
Improving the faith in human rights.
Exploring solutions to various economic, sociological, cultural and other humanity based problems withinternational cooperation.
Providing recognition to international agreements and conditions.
Striving to build mutual trust and cooperation among the countries.
Different institutions of UNO Achievements of UNO Various affiliated bodies of UNO.
Different institutions of UNO; achievements of UNO; various affiliated bodies of UNO.
General Assembly: It is an affiliated body consisting of representatives from all the member states. Every country sends five representatives to this body. But, every country has only one vote.The General Body elects one of its members as the President for a year. Similarly, people are elected for posts of 17 Vice Presidents, and seven Chairpersons for the seven permanent committees.

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Political Science Chapter 5 notes

For all the important matters of approval, a 2/3 majority is mandatory. General budget is approved in the general assembly.

A special session can be convened if there are any emergency issues. It acts like a global parliament to discuss world issues.
UNO Security Council: It has fifteen member nations, among them France, USA, UK, China, Russia and China are the five permanent members.
Every member has one vote to exercise. But the approval of all the permanent members is a must for any decision to become operational. India is also trying to achieve permanent member status.
Economic and Social Committee: This committee has a membership of 54 members. 18 members of the committee are elected once in every three years. They chose one among them as the Chairperson of the committee.
Trusteeship Council: It primarily takes care of those entities that not have risen to the status of independent states. This has become inactive now as there is no trustee left.
International Court of Justice: This is one of the major institutions of the UNO and all the members of the UNO are bound by its ruling. This court has fifteen Judges and each has a term of nine years and they are eligible for another term.
The judges elect one President and one Vice-President among themselves for a period of three years. The decisions are taken on the basis of majority.
Secretariat: The General Secretary and the staff of the UNO form the part of UN Secretariat. The General Secretary is the head of the executive body of UNO.

The Central Office is based in New York. Its branch offices are present in Geneva, Vienna and Nairobi. Achievements of UNO:

Peacekeeping functions: The UNO has worked towards resolving the crisis of Suez Canal, Iran, Indonesia, Kashmir, Palestine, Korea, Hungaria, Congo, Cyprus, Arab, Israel, Namibia, Afghanistan and other crisis.
Economic and financial achievements: In the UNO Charter, it is declared that the UNO should strive to ‘uplift the socio-economic status of the people of the world’. This work needs to be achieved through the supervision of Economic and Social Committee’. “General Agreement on Tariff and Trade’ (GATT) is a general
agreement on trade and tariff which is a notable agreement.
Social achievements: World Health Organization, UNESCO, UNICEF, World Refugee Council are few organizations that are interested in the social well being of the world. The Universal Declaration of Human
Rights in 1948 is considered as an important international achievement of UNO.
Various Organizations under UNO:
Food and Agriculture Organization(FAO): FAO was born in 1945 to fight against poverty, malnutrition and hunger all over the world. The head office of this organization is based in Rome.

International Institutions SSLC Political Science notes

United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO): It was founded in the year 1946. Its head office is in Paris. It is a specialised institution which strives to improve the science, education and culture of the world.
World Health Organization (WHO): WHO was founded in 1948 with aim of improving the health of the world community. It has strived to eradicate diseases like plague, cholera, malaria and small pox. It is also working towards freeing the world from AIDS, cancer and other major diseases.
United Nations International Emergency Fund (UNICEF): It was founded in the year 1946 for the benefit of the children. Later, it became a permanent body in the year 1956. The institution has 30 members. The main aim of the organization is to create conducive environment for the development of children and women.

KSEEB SSLC Political Science International Institutions chapter explanation

International Monetary Fund (IMF): Though it started in 1945, it became completely operational in the year 1947. The head office is in New York.
International Labour Organization (ILO): This organization is for the development of labourers across the
world. The head office of this organization is in Geneva of Switzerland.
UNO’s Trade and Commerce Progress Committee: This institution mainly focuses on the facilitation of commerce and trade progress. It provides technical assistance for commerce relationship in the world, if there are any administrative bottlenecks affecting the trade and commerce of different countries.
World Trade Organization (WTO): This was founded on January 1, 1995. All the member states agreed upon the ‘General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT). This tries to resolve various conflicts arising out of international trade and commerce.

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Political Science Chapter 5 International Institution Notes

KSEEB Class 10 SSLC Political Science Chapter 5 International Institution Regional Cooperation

Regional Cooperation: In the present world, one can notice many regional level organisations working for the betterment of the world. The following are the important among such organisations.

Common Wealth of Nations: India became a member of this after it became independent. The King of England remains the nominal head of this organization. There are 54 member states in this. The head office
is in London. The Prime Ministers, Finance Ministers and External Affairs Ministers of the member states participate in its meetings.
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC): It was founded in 1985. At present, eight states are its members; namely; India, Pakistan, Srilanka, Nepal, Bangladesh, Maldives, Bhutan and Afghanistan. Conferences, workshops and training programmes have been taking place for the representatives of these countries on various topics like science and technology, agriculture on regular basis. India has taken active role in SAARC. Its head office is in Nepal.

Class 10 Political Science Chapter 5 international organizations summary

European Union: It is an institution of 27 European countries. It was founded in 1992 as per the agreement of Matrich among the member countries. It provides for common market, common currency and common agriculture and trade policy.
Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN): This was founded in 1967. Singapore, Malaysia, Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand are the founding members of this association. At present, the total membership
stands at ten.
The Organisation of African Unity: This association of African countries was founded in 1963. The newly independent African countries entered into different agreements among themselves in the beginning. Later,
they merged all the regional agreements into one and formed ‘The Organization of African Unity’.