KSEEB Solutions For Class 8 Social Sciences History Chapter 3 Ancient Civilizations Of India

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 3 Ancient Civilizations Of India Points Of Remember

• Archaeologists have excavated a cellar in Burzahom in Kashmir.
• There is a site named Mehrgarh near the fertile plain of Bolan pass which leads to Iran.
• The people of Mehrgarh were the first ones to have learnt the cultivation of Barley and Wheat crops and the rearing of goat and sheep.
• Mohenjo-Daro, one of the cities, had a water tank. Scholars have called this as the bath tank.
• Fire alters have been discovered in other cities like Kalibangan and Lothal.
• Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa, and Lothal had constructed systematic granaries.
• The lower town in the low-lying area of the city was the place of habitation of the people.
• Holes were created in the drains to enable timely cleaning of them.
• There is an unknown script on the seals. This reveals that there was no dearth of literate people. This enabled the engraving of scripts on thousands of seals.
• The people of Harappan culture had depended on agriculture and trade.
• They had domesticated the humped bull, cow, buffalo, sheep, goat, dog, and then, and were engaged in cattle-rearing, sheep-rearing, and poultry.
• The seals obtained at Mesopotamia establish the fact that the Indus Valley Civilization had trade relations with it.
• Historians feel the dried rivers as the reason, and others feel that changed course of rivers was the reason.
• Aryans belonged to the early Indo- European tribe of southern Russia Eural mountain slopes.
• The culture built by these people is understood based on the Vedas and is called as Vedic culture.
• Rig-Veda, Sama-Veda, Yajur-Veda and Atharva-Veda are the four Vedas.
• Vedas are mainly a compilation of nature worship, Yaga and process of yagas; and balck magic. These are also called as ‘Samhithe’.
• Rig-Veda has 1028 sukthas or prayer songs. They are grouped under 10 Mandalas.
• We get the picture of an emerging social system in the ‘Purushasukta’ that appears in the 10th Mandala of Reg-Veda (Probably during 1000 BCE).
• According to this the gods created Adipurusha whose mouth became Brahmanas; Shoulders became Kshatriyas; thighs became Vyshyas and Shudras were born from his Feet.
• ‘Sama-Veda’, ‘Yajur-Veda’, and ‘Atharva- Veda’ appeared as the continuation and contributory to it.
• The four divisions of Brahamana, Kshtriya, Vyshya, and Shudra that are found in the last part of Rig-Veda as part of ‘Purushasukta’, incorporating certain changes became more strong.
• There is a reference to metals like gold, copper, iron, lead, brass, and tin in Vedas.
• ‘Rudra’ and ‘Vishnu’ had gained a significant position during post-Rig-Vedic period.
• In ‘Upnishads’, new concepts like ‘Karma’ and ‘rebirth of the soul’ were created.

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Kseeb Class 8 Social Science History Chapter 3 Exercise Answers

Ancient Civilizations Of India Exercises Complete the following sentences:

1. The Fertile land that is near Bolan Pass Mehrgarh.
2. Harappa was found in the Indus Valley of Punjab.
3. Harappan people depended on agriculture Trade and commerce.
4.The Oldest Veda is Rigveda.
5. The priest who conducted yagnas was called Hothar as in Rig-Veda.

Ancient Civilizations Of India Answer Briefly

Question 1. Write on the special features of Harappa cities.
Answer

• There were two or more parts in the cities of Harappa.
• The western part which was called citadel was narrow and at an elevated place.
• The eastern part that was called the lower
  town was wide and at a lower level.
• Every part had a wall made of burnt bricks.
• The walls were very strong since the bricks around them, were placed in an interlocking manner.

Class 8 History Ancient Civilizations of India KSEEB Notes 

Question  2. Write a note on the great bath of Mohenjo- Daro.Answer

• Mohenjo-Daro, one of the cities, had a water tank.
  
• Scholars have called the water tank as the great bath.
  
• The bath tank is built of brick so as to prevent the seepage of water from the tank.
  
• The Bath tank has steps on either sides to go down and has rooms all around.
  
• The water was probably supplied to the tank by a well, and the used water was let out.
  
• Probably very important people used to take bath in this pool on special occasions

Question  3. How was the nature of town plan during Harappa civilization?
Answer

• The lower town was the place of habitation of the people.
• It was constructed in a very methodical manner.
• Systematically laid-out houses, roads, and drains can be seen here.
• The houses were either one or two-storied houses.
• The houses were built of bricks and had strong walls.
• There were rooms all around the courtyard inside.
• The main door faced the street and none of the windows opened onto the street.
• There were bathrooms in the houses.
• Some houses had wells which supplied water.
• The cities had a neatly laid-out underground sewage system.
• The drains were built of brick and covered with stone slabs.
• The gutter of each house was linked to the main drain outside and enabled the flow of dirty water from the house to the main drain.
• Holes were created in the drains to enable timely cleaning of them.

Kseeb Class 8 History Chapter 3 Summary And Notes

Question  4. Name the Vedas.
Answer Rig-Veda, Sama-Veda, Yajur-Veda, and Atharva- Veda are the four the Vedas.

Question  5. What Yajna and Yagas were important during the Vedic period?
Answer Rajasooya yaga, AshwamedhaYaga

Question  6. Name the professions of the post-Vedic period.
Answer There were professionals like makers of arrows and bows, rope makers, bamboo makers, ointment-making women, firewood makers, fire makers, horse tenders, cowherds, hunters, fishermen, smiths, businessmen, doctors, astrologers, and others.

Ancient Civilizations Of India Multiple Choice Questions

Question  1. Archaeologists have excavated a cellar in Burzahom of

1. Kashmir
2. Jammu
3. Himachal Pradesh
4. Punjab

Answer 1) Kashmirof Rig-Veda was

Question  2. Fire alters have been discovered in

1. Harappa and Lothal
2. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
3. Kalibangan and Lothal
4. Mohenjo-Daro and LothalA) a local rich tribe

Answer 3) Kalibangan and Lothal

Question  3. The granaries have been discovered in

1.  Kalibangan and Lothal
2. Mohenjo-Daro and Harappa
3. Kalibangan and Lothal
4. Mohenjo-Daro and Lothal

Answer 3)Kalibangan and Lothal

Kseeb Class 8 History Chapter 3 Ancient Civilizations Of India Question Answers

Question 4. The great bath of the Harappan Civilization is found at 

1. Mohenj o-Daro
2. Kalibangan
3. Lothal
4. Harappa

Answer 1) Mohenjo-Daro

Question 5. History and Culture of the Indi-an people is written by

1. Nehru
2. B .K. Ghosh
3. Gandbij
4. R K Varma

Answer:2) B.K. Ghosh

Question 6. The oldest Veda is

1. Rig-Veda
2. Sama-Veda
3. Yaj ur-Veda
4. Atharva-Veda

Answer: 1) Rig-Veda

Question 7. The instructions to hermits who were living in the forest is in

1. Brahmana
2. Aranyaka
3. Upanishad
4. Aranyakas

Answer: 4) Aranyakas

Class 8 History Chapter 3 Ancient Civilizations Of India Kseeb

Question 8. The language used in Rig Veda belongs to

1. Indo-European family languages
2. hid o-African family languages
3. Indo-American family languages
4. Indo-Asian family languages

Answer: 1) Indo-European family languages

Question 9. The Varna that existed during the last stage of Rig Veda was

1. Brahmin
2.  Kshatriya
3. Vysya
4. Shudra

Answer: 4) Shudra

Question 10. The word panic used to refer to

1. a local rich tribe
2. practice of agriculture
3. practice of animal husbandry
4. a piece of cultivable land

Answer: 1) a local rich tribe

Question 11. In Rig-Veda, ‘Kshetra’ was referred to

1. a local rich tribe
2. practice of agriculture
3. practice of animal husbandry
4. a piece of cultivable land

Answer: 4) apiece of cultivable land

Question 12. The priest who conducted the Yagna was called as

1. Hothar
2. Kshatriya
3. Vysya
4. Shudra

Answer: 1) Hothar

Kseeb Class 8 History Chapter 3 Important Questions

Question 13. The 200 shlokas in Rig-Veda were written on

1. Air
2. Fire
3. Water
4. Mountains

Answer: 2) Fire

Class 8 History Chapter 3 Guide On Ancient Civilizations Of India KSEEB 

Question 14. ‘Black’ (Krishna) and White (Shukla) are in

1. Rig-Veda
2. Sama-Veda
3. Yajur-Veda
4. Atharva-Veda

Answer: 3)Yajur-Veda

Ancient Civilizations Of India Fill In The Blanks With the Suitable Answer

1. The first village that has come to our notice is Mehrgarh
2. Vedas are also called as Samhithe
3. Samhithe has a text called Brahmana
4. Rig-Veda has 1028 sukthas or prayer songs.
5. We get the picture of an emerging social system in the Purushasukta
6. The brass, an alloy was called as Ayas
7. 4 Yava’ is identified as Barley
8. The type of family that followed in Vedic period was Patriarchal
9. The head of the tribes was called Rajan or Raja
10. The soldier of Vedic period was called as Yodha

Ancient Civilizations Of India Answer The Following Questions In A Sentence Each

Question 1. Why Indus valley civilization is called the Harappan Civilization?
Answer Since the sites around this city resembled the sites discovered earlier, they were called the Harappan Civilization.

Question 2. What is Vedic culture?
Answer The culture built by these people is understood based on the Vedas and is called as Vedic culture.

Question 3. What is Sabha?
Answer The word” ‘Sabha’ and ‘Samithi’ were used to denote the assembly of common people around the King.

Question 4. What is Samithi?
Answer The words ‘Sabha’ and ‘Samithi’ were used to denote the assembly of common people around the King.

Question 5. Who is a‘Kashatra’? Shiva Publications, Bangalore
Answer The people who ruled over common people are called as ‘Kashatra’

Kseeb Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 3 Notes

Question 6. Why are Yagnas organised?
Answer Yagnas were organised primarily for two reasons:

• To get good rains and harvest and
• To seek the help of Gods to defeat their enemies like dasyus

Ancient Civilizations Of India Answer The Following Questions In Brief

Question 1. The great bath of Mohenjo-daro and modern swimming pool are similar. Justify.

Answer The great bath of Mohenjo-daro is built of brick so as to prevent the seepage of water from the tank. The Bath tank has steps on either sides to go down, and has rooms all around. The water was probably supplied to the tank by a well, and the used water was let out.

Question 2. Town planning of Harappan civilization was better than present town planning. Justify.
Answer

• It was constructed in a very methodical manner.
• Systematically laid-out houses, roads and drains can be seen here.
• Almost every person lived in either one or two-storied house.
• The houses were built of bricks and had strong walls.
• There were rooms all around the courtyard inside.
• The main door faced the street.
• None of the windows opened onto the streets.
• There were bathrooms in the houses.
• Some houses had wells which supplied water.
• The cities had a neatly laid-out underground sewage system.
• The drains were built of brick and covered with stone slabs.
• The gutter of each house was linked to the main drain outside and enabled the flow of dirty water from the house to the main drain.
• Holes were created in the drains to enabl e timely cleaning of them.

Kseeb Solutions For Class 8 History Chapter 3 Pdf

Question 3. How was the life style of Burzahom’s people?
Answer

• Burzahom’s people used to dig shallow pits in the soil and live in them.
• There were steps leading to the pits.
• These were built in this manner in order to provide protection from the cold weather and wild animals.
• Earthen pots have been found inside and outside such pics.
• People cocked food either inside or outside in accordance to the weather condition.

Question 4. The people of Mehrgarh better civilized than Burzahom’s people. Justify.
Answer

• The people of Mehrgarh were the first ones to have learnt the cultivation of Barley and Wheat crops and the rearing of goat and sheep.
• The people of Mehrgarh lived in houses whereas Burzahom * s people used to dig shallow pits in the soil and live in them.
• Some houses had four or more rooms whereas there were steps leading to the pits in Burzahom.
• People and animals used to be buried together in Mehrgarh.
• Burzahom’s people cooked food either inside or outside in accordance to the weather condition.

Question 5. How was the first urbanization of India discovered?
Answer The ancient sites of Harappa were discovered by the engineers when the railway lines were being laid 150 years ago in the Sindhu valley region of Punjab.

Solutions For Ancient Civilizations Of India KSEEB Class 8 History 

Question 6. Differentiate between citadel and lower town.
Answer The western part is narrow and at an elevated place. Archaeologists are of the view that this was a citadel. The eastern part is wide and at a lower level. This area has been called the lower town. Every part had a wall made of burnt bricks. Since the bricks around them, were placed in an interlocking manner, the walls were very strong,

Question 7. Harapan had given much importance for hygiene. Justify.
Answer The cities had a neatly laid-out underground sewage system. The drains were built of brick and covered with stone slabs. The gutter of each house was linked to the main drain outside and enabled the flow of dirty water from the house to the main drain. Holes were created in the drains to enable timely cleaning of them

Question 8. How was the Town Life of Harappans?
Answer

• The precious stones and metals were also found.
• Most of the objects found were beads and seals.
• The layout of the town reveals the existence of administrative class.
• The people of this place may have used expensive metals, gems and jewelry.
• The beads were probably used by the common people.

Question 9. How did the Harappans develop agriculture and animal husbandry?
Answer The people of Harappan culture had depended on agriculture and trade. Wheat, Barley, pulses, and mustard were their main crops. They had learnt to grow cotton and weave cloth from it. They knew irrigation since many towns were situated on the banks of rivers. They had domesticated the humped bull, cow, buffalo, sheep, goat, dog, and hen, and were engaged in cattle-rearing, sheep-rearing, and poultry. Oxen were used to carry heavy loads

Question 10. List out the causes for the decline of harappan civilization?
Answer. The causes for the decline of harappan civilization are

• The dried rivers
• The changed course of rivers
• The destruction of forests
• Inundation by floods
• Migration to new areas in the east and south.

Question 11. Write the extension of geographical area of Rig-Veda period.
Answer The geography discussed in Rig-Veda extends from Afghanistan’s Hindukush mountain to doab of Ganga and Yamuna rivers (Doab is the area between two rivers – the western part of present Uttar Pradesh state) and from Kashmir to Sindh in the northern boundaries.

Question 12. How was the four varnas born according to Purushashukta?
Answer According to Purushasukta the gods created Adipurusha whose mouth became Brahmanas; Shoulders became Kshatriyas; thighs became Vyshyas and Shudras were bom from his Feet.

Question 13. How was the economic condition of Rig Vedic Period?
Answer

• Rig-Vedic people were basically into animal husbandry.
• Cultivated land was considered as part of wealth.
• There are details of the emergence of agriculture as a profession.
• In Rig-Veda the cultivable land is called as ‘Kshetra’ and cultivation is called as ‘Krushi’. Oxen were used to pull carts and ploughs.
• They were used to pull water by using rope and pulley the lifted water was flown into broader canals.
• Yava’ is identified as Barely.

Question 14. Differentiate between Yaj ur-Veda’s different types of text called ‘Black’ and White.
Answer Yajur-Veda has two different types of text called ‘Black’ (Krishna) and White (Shukla). In the black Yajur-Veda, there are explanations about the way of reciting mantras, and also has commentary and discussions on the same. The White Yajur-Veda has only ‘mantras’ but no explanations.