KSEEB Solutions For Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation

KSEEB Solutions Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation Textbook Questions

Question 1 Write in your own words two or more sentences of what you understand by the word ‘marginalization’.

Answer. In simple words, marginalisation means to be excluded from the mainstream of society due to age-old social disparities, like the caste system, prejudices, and discrimination on account of economic and wealth status. These underpriced leged groups of people are known as the marginalised groups. Depressed classes are also known as marginal sed sections of society. In India, a large number of people have experienced marginalisation on account of the caste system.

Question 2 List two reasons why Adivasis are becoming increasingly marginalised.

Answer. Aaivosis are becoming increasingly marginalised due to the following reasons:

1. In order to make the land for agriculture and industry, forest lands have been cleared.
2. Mines and mining projects have led to the displacement o* many Adivasis. It has caused the loss of their livelihood.

Question 3 Write one reason why you think the Constitution’s safeguards to protect minority communities is very important.

Answer. Indian Constitution provides safeguards to religious, ethnic, and linguistic minorities. These safeguards are provided in the fundamental rights. The Constitution’s safeguards for protecting minority communities are very important. Moreover, safeguards are important because they protect minorities against any discrimination on the basis of religion, caste, language, etc.

Kseeb Solutions For Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation

Question 4 Re-read the section on Minorities and Marginalisation. What do you understand by the term ‘minority’?

Answer. Minority refers to a community that is small in number in relation to the rest of the population, for example, Hindus, Muslims, Christians, Sikhs, etc., are living in India. Hindus are in majority whereas Muslims, Christians, and Sikhs are in minorities. Minorities are vulnerable due to their inadequate share in power and decision-making.

Question 5 You are participating in a debate where you have to provide reasons to support the following statement ‘Muslims are a marginalised community. Using the data provided in this chapter list two reasons that you would give.

Answer. Muslims are 14.6% percent of India’s population and are considered to be a marginalised community in India. Muslims are a marginalised community due to the following reasons:
(1) Muslims are economically backward and they have been deprived of economic development 63.6% of Muslims live in Kuccha houses whereas 55.2 % of Hindus live in Kuccha houses.
(2) 65% of Hindus are literate whereas 59% of Muslims are literate. The average years of schooling for Muslim children between the age of 7-16 are much lower than that of other socio-religious communities.

Understanding Marginalisation Class 8 Kseeb Solutions Pdf

Question 6 Imagine that you are watching the Republic Day parade on TV with a friend and she remarks. ‘‘Look at these tribals. They look so exotic. And they seem to be dancing all the time.” List three things that you would tell her about the lives of Adivasis in India.

Answer. Generally, the impression about tribals is that they are always dancing and enjoying life. But it is due to our lack of knowledge about the lives of Adivasis. Three main features of Admass lives are as follows;

1. Since most of the Advisors reside in deep forests, they share a symbiotic relationship with the forests.
2. A range of tribal religions is practiced by Adivasis, which involves the worship of ancestors, village, and nature spirits.
3. Adivasis reside in areas that are abundant in mineral arid other natural resources.
4. Many Adivasis have migrated to cities in search of work where they are employed for very low wages in industries.

Question 7 In the storyboard you read about how Helen hopes to make a movie on the Adivasi story. Can you help her by developing a short story on Adivasis?

Answer. Abors, Aai, Bkhor, Gonds, Santhal, etc., are some major tribes. Govds is a major tribe of Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, and Odisha. Gobind Marar was displaced due to a refinery project in Odisha. He has a daughter and two sons. He lives a miserable life. His daughter got into a relationship with a boy of a higher caste which was not liked by Mr. Maran. Due to family clashes, both the boy and girl committed suicide.

Karnataka Board Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Question Answers

Question 8 Would you agree with the statement that economic and social marginalisation are interlinked? Why?

Answer. It is a hard fact that economic and social marginalisation is interlinked. Without money, no person can get an electricity connection. Money is needed to pay electricity bills and to purchase electronic goods. It is not possible to get a water connection without money.

Understanding Marginalisation Text Questions

Question 1 Explain at least three different reasons why groups may be marginalised.

Answer. Groups may be marginalised due to the following reasons:

1. They are fewer in number.
2. They follow different traditions and cultures
3. They speak different dialects and are poor.

Question 2 Why was Dadu forced to leave his village in Orissa? (now Odisha)

Answer. In the storyboard, Dadu was forced to leave his village in Odisha, as the companywallahs took his land because they wanted to mine iron ore there.

Question 3  Which metals are important in present-day India? Why? Where do they come from? Are there Adivasi populations there?

Answer. Metals like Iron-ore, aluminum, copper, bronze, etc., are important as they play an important part in the industries. These metals are found in the plateau of India. Yes, Adivasi population resides in these parts.

Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation Textbook Solutions Kseeb

Question 4 List five products that you use at home that come from the forest.

Answer.
Products that are used at home which are derived from forests:

1. Fruits (Eatables)
2. Timber (Furniture)
3. Honey (Eatables)
4. Lac (Jeweller)’ and Accessories)
5. Gum (Resins)

Question 5 By whom were the following demands being made on forest land?
(i) timber for construction of houses and railways
(ii) forest land for mining
(iii) forest land for agriculture by non-tribal people
(iv) reserved by the government as wildlife parks In what ways would this affect tribal people?

Answer. The above demands were made by the British Government in India.
These would affect the tribal people as they will be left homeless. Forced to migrate to other areas, they would have to work on meager wages.

Question 6 In your opinion, why is it important that Adivasis should have a say in how their forests and forest lands are used?

Answer. Since the Aaivasis are directly affected by the government decisions, they should have a say in how their forests and forests lands are to be used

Question 7 Why do we need safeguards for minorities?

Answer. Safeguards for minorities are needed to protect them from being dominated by the majority.

Question 8 Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow:
 I live in a Muslim-dominated area. Some days back during Ramzan there was some disturbance that started taking a communal outlook. My brother and I had gone for an Iftar party in the neighborhood and were dressed in traditional clothes, that is sherwani and salwar kameez; respectively. On returning home, my brother and I were asked to change our clothes to jeans and a T-shirt. Now when everything is fine I wonder what was the reason that we were asked to change our clothes and why I didn’t find it odd. Were our clothes giving away our identity and is that identity linked to all kinds of fears and discrimination? Ainee A. Farooqi
The above essay has been written by a child around your age. What do you think she is trying to convey?

Answer. We live in a society where people are trying to hide their identities, to avoid attention. In some communities, particular dresses identify people of their religion or culture. Such identity can be harmful during communal tension. Hence, people try to avoid wearing such clothes. She is trying to convey that people still live in fear due to their cultural differences.

Understanding Marginalisation Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1 What do you understand by the term ‘Adivasis’

Answer. Adivasis are those communities who generally live in close association with forests.

Question 2 What is the tribal population of India?

Answer. According to 2011 census, the tribal population of India is around 10,42,81,034 and constitutes 8.6 percent of the country’s total population.

Kseeb Class 8 Civics Understanding Marginalisation Important Questions

Question 3 Write one problem which is faced by the tribal communities.

Answer. Land alienation is one of the most persistent problems faced by the tribal communities.

Question 4 Why some communities feel marginalised?

Answer. Some communities feel marginalised because they are poor, have low status, and are viewed as less human than others.

Question 5 Which term is used in the Indian Constitution in place of Adivasis?

Answer. In the Indian Constitution, the term Scheduled Tribe is used in place of Aorvas

Question 6 Why have forest lands been cleared?

Answer. Forest lands have been cleared for timber and to make the land for agriculture and industries.

Question 7 Which language is used by Adivasis?

Answer. Different Adivasi tribes have their own native dialects.

Question 8 Why are special constitutional and legal protection needed for minorities?

Answer. Special constitutional and legal provisions are needed to enable them to secure effective equality, besides preserving their distinct identity.

Understanding Marginalisation Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1 Which religion is practiced by the Adivasis?

Answer Aaivasis practice their tribal religion. They worship their ancestors, village, and nature spirits  ‘River Spirits’, ‘Mountain Sprits’, etc. Ancestral worshipping is within the house while village spirit worshipping is at a particular place in the village. Moreover, Adidas have also been influenced by surrounding religions like Christianity, Buddhism, Shabta, Vaishnav, and Bhakti.

Question 2 Why do we need safeguards for minorities?

Answer

1. Safeguards are needed to protect the culture of the minorities.
2. Safeguards are needed to protect minorities so that no discrimination is done to them.
3. Safeguards are needed to protect India’s cultural diversity and promote social justice.

Question 3 Explain at least three different reasons why groups may be marginalised.

Answer. Groups are marginalised due to the following reasons:

1.  They speak a different language.
2. They follow different customs.
3. They belong to different religious groups from the majority community.
4. They are poor and have a low representation in the society.

Understanding Marginalisation  Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1 Why do we consider Muslims as a marginalised community in India?

Answer. Muslims are considered marginalised community due to the following reasons:

1. Indian Muslims are classified as a marginalised community in terms of various economic, social, and political indices.
2. They have over the years been deprived of the benefits of economic development About 63.6% of Muslims live in Kuccha houses and only 19.4% of Muslims have access to piped water.
3. Illiteracy and poverty among Muslims have further worsened their situation.
4. Economic and social marginalisation experienced by Muslims has other dimensions as well. Muslim customs and practices are very different from what is seen as the mainstream.

Question 2 Describe various rights of the minorities which are mentioned in the Constitution.

Answer. Indian Constitution has provided certain Fundamental Rights and safeguards to protea the interests, culture, language, etc., of the minorities.

1. The object of Article 29 is to give protection to the religious and linguistic minorities. Article 29
   declares that any season of the Indian citizen, having a distinct language, script, or culture of its own, shall have the right to conserve the same.
2. Every minority group shall have the right to impart instructions to the children of their own
   community in their own languages.
3.  The Constitution guarantees the right to all linguistic or religious minorities to establish and; administer educational institutions of their choice.
4.  The right to establish educational institutions of their choice amounts to the establishment of; the institutions which will serve the needs of the minority community.

Understanding Marginalisation Class 8 Civics Summary And Explanation

Question 3 Write a short note on Adivasis.

Answer. The term Adivasis literally means—the original inhabitants. Most of the India’s industrial and mining sites are situated in tribal areas. More than 500  different tribal groups live in India. Out of which, more than 60 tribal groups live in Odisha alone. Adivasis practice their own religions which is different from Hinduism, Islam, or Christianity. They are nature lovers and their religion is based on the worship of ancestors, village, and nature spirit Usually their culture is also influenced by other surrounding cultures. Adivasis also speak different languages. Their language is different from the mainstream of Indian language.

Some of the tribal languages like the ‘Sonthali’ are as old as Sanskrit There are numerous magazines and publications in Sarthali languages. When we fix an image for someone we create a stereotype. Likewise, the tribals are also known as Adivasis as portrayed in a very stereotypical way—in color, clothes, headgear and through dancing, etc., but we never looked at the realities of their lives. People began to believe that they are primitive and backward. Most of the valuable products like wood, medicines, animal products, and herbs come from forests. Their lifestyles also depend on forests. They lost their source of income when British colonial policies forced them to leave forests.

Understanding Marginalisation KSEEB Class 8 Textbook Solutions 

Understanding Marginalisation Hots Corner

Question 1  Describe the lifestyle of the Adivasis in the pre-colonial world.

Answer. In the pre-colonial world, the Adivasis were originally hunters, gatherers, and nomads. They sustained their livelihood by practicing shifting agriculture.

Question 2 What is Ghettoisation?

Answer. The word ‘Ghettoisation’ is derived from the word ‘Ghetto’ which is a largely populated area of a particular community Ghettoisation refers to the process wherein due to various social, economic, and cultural reasons overcrowding of a particular community occurs.

Understanding Marginalisation Miscellaneous Questions

A. Multiple-Choice Questions

Tick the correct option from the choices provided:

Question 1 Adivasi areas are:

(a) Jamshedpur
(b) Bhilai
(c) Bokaro
(d) All of these

Answer. (d) All of these

Question 2 How many tribal groups are there in Odisha?

(a) 100 tribal groups
(b) 60 different tribal groups
(c) 50 different tribal groups
(d) 500 different tribal groups

Answer. (b) 60 different tribal groups

Question 3 In Assam, Adivasi population is about:

(a) 70 lakh
(b) 90 Lakh
(c) Five Crores
(d) 50 Lakh

Answer. (a) 70 lakh

Karnataka Board Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Important Mcqs And Notes

Question 4 In the Indian Constitution, safeguards are provided to protect:

(a) Brahmin
(b) Minorities
(c) Majority
(d) Hindus

Answer. (b) Minorities

Question 5 Which of the following is marginalised group in India?

(a) Christians
(b) Hindus
(c) Punjabis
(d) Muslims

Answer. (d) Muslims

Question 6 Who is an Adivasi?

(a) Who lives in a city
(b) Who lives in a village
(c) Who generally lives in close association with forests
(d) Who lives in foreign lands

Answer. (c) Who generally lives in close association with forests

Question 7 How many National Parks are in India?

(a) 54
(b) 50
(c) 45
(d) 40

Answer. (a) 54

Question 8 How many Wild Life Sanctuaries are there h India?

(a) 400
(b) 389
(c) 382
(d) 372

Answer. (d) 372

Question 9 According to 2001 Census, which community is less literate?

(a) Hindu Community
(b) Muslim Community
(c) Sikh Community
(d) Jain Community.

Answer. (b) Muslim Community

Important Questions For KSEEB Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 

Understanding Marginalisation

B. Fill in the Blanks

Fill in the blanks with appropriate terms in the following sentences:

1. Recognising that Muslims in India were lagging behind, the government appointed a high-level
   the committee in 2005 chaired by Justice.__________
2. ______________of Muslim children in the 6-14 year age group have either never been enrolled
   in school or have dropped out.
3. There are different reasons for each of these communities being.______________
4. 45 percent of tribal groups in__________ and 35 percent is Urban areas live below the
   poverty line.
5. More than 50 percent of persons displaced due to mines and mining projects are.__________
6. Adivasis are invariably portrayed in very____________ ways.

Answer.

1. Rajinder Sachar
2. 25 percent
3. Marginalised
4. Rural areas
5. tribals
6. stereotypical

Class 8 Civics Chapter 7 Understanding Marginalisation Worksheet And Study Material

Understanding Marginalisation

C. Picture Interpretation

Study the picture alongside and answer the questions that follow:

1. Which tribe is shown in the picture?

Answer. The Santal tribe is shown in the following picture.

2. Where does this tribe reside?

Answer. The Santhal tribe resides in an area located between Bihar and West Bengal.

Kseeb Class 8 Civics Understanding Marginalisation Short Notes

3. What made them rise in revolt against the British?

Answer. When forests were converted into reserved forests, the
Santhals rose in revolt against the British, as they lost their source of food and livelihood, which they derived from selling fruits and timber respectively.