KSEEB Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 12 India After Independence Textbook Questions
Question 1. Name three problems that the newly independent nation of India faced.
Answer. The newly independent nation of India faces several problems. The problem of resettling refugees, division of society on the basis of caste and feeding the growing population were a few challenges.
Question 2. What was the role of the Planning Commission?
Answer. The government set up the Planning Commission in 1950 to help, design arid execute suitable policies for economic development in India.
Question 3. Fill in the blanks:
(a)Subjects that were placed on the Union UST were ____and
(b)Subjects on the Concurrent List were______ ______and
(c)Economic planning by which both the state and the private sector played a role in development was called a _____model.
(d)The death of_____ sparked off such violent protests that the government was forced to give in to the demand for the linguistic state of Andhra.
Answer.
(a) taxes, difference and foreign affairs
(b) forests, agriculture
(c) mixed economy
(d) Potti Sriramulu
Kseeb Solutions For Class 8 History Chapter 12 Pdf
Question 4. State whether true or false:
(a)At Independence, the majority of Indians lived in villages.
(b)The Constituent Assembly was made up of members from the Congress party.
(c)In the first national election, only men were allowed to vote.
(d)The Second Five Year Plan focused on the development of heavy industry.
Answer. (a) True (b) False (c) False (d) True
Question 5. What did Dr. Ambedkar mean when he said that “In politics, we have equality, and in social and economic life we will have inequality”?
Answer. Dr. Ambedkar meant that everyone has equal political rights in this country. Each one has the right to vote in India and everyone is equal in the eyes of the law’. However, the socio-economic structures and policies in India are such that people are not equal.
Class 8 History India After Independence KSEEB Notes
Question 6. After Independence, why was there a reluctance to divide the country on linguistic lines?
Answer. After independence, many Indian leaders were reluctant to divide the country on linguistic lines. They thought that this would hamper national unity and encourage regional sentiments. It will prove to De an obstacle in the growth of nationalist spirit and lead to divisiveness among the people of India.
Question 7.Give one reason why English continued to be used in India after Independence?
Answer. After Independence, English continued to be used in India as many Indian states did not know the Hindi language. Moreover, some states threatened to separate from the Indian Un on if Hindi was imposed. English was seen as a common link among all the states and therefore, it continued to be a language for communication.
Question 8. How was the economic development of India vislised in the early decades after Independence?
Answer. The formation of a new nation was a difficult task. It was aimed that India should become a modern, self-sufficient, developed arid an industrilasied nation. The Planning Commission was set up in 1950 to design economic policies and strategies through Five Year Plans. The Second Five Year Plan proposed a large-scale growth of heavy and basic industries like iron and steel. The building of dams was also initiated. India adopted a mixed-economy model of development which was based on a combination of public and private sectors for creating economic growth
Kseeb Solutions Class 8 History Chapter 12 Notes
Question 9. Who was Mira Behan? Find out more about her life and her ideas.
Answer. Mira Behan was actually a British woman who had stayed in India for most of he’* life. Her’ real name was Madeleine Slate. She was fascinated by Gandhi and his ideas. She closely associated with Gandhi in his struggle and stay end at his ashram. After Independence, she was appointed by the government to advise upon development of agriculture in the state of Uttar Pradesh. She began several community projects to prevent cutting of trees and floods in hilly areas. She has been awarded with the Padma Vibhushan medal for her selfless service.
Question 10. Find out more about the language divisions in Pakistan that led to the creation of the new nation of Bangladesh. How did Bangladesh achieve independence from Pakistan?
Answer. At the time of its formation, Pakistan was divided into West and East Pakistan. West Pakistan mainly consisted of Urdu-speaking Muslims, while in East Pakistan, the Muslims spoke in Bengali. The Muslims in East Pakistan were not given their due share in administration. They were not given their basic rights as citizens. Slowly, a movement to free East Pakistan began to emerge, which was supported by India. India and Pakistan fought a war in 1971. Pakistan lost on 16th December, 1971, and the new country of Bangladesh was formed
India After Independence Text Questions
Question 1. Imagine a conversation between a father and son in a Muslim family. After Partition, the son thinks it would be wiser for them to move to Pakistan while the father believes that they should continue to live in India. Taking information from the chapter so far (and Chapter II), act out what each would say.
Answer. The father must have thought that India is a democratic country with scope for development. The son must have thought that Pakistan is an Islamic state where Muslims would be treated fairly.
Question 2. Discuss in your class, one advantage and one disadvantage today of the decision to keep English as a language of India.
Answer. The advantage of using English is that it a common language of communication irrespective of the region one comes from. The disadvantage of using English lies in its superiority over the Indian languages and over-reliance of people on English. People who do not know English are discriminated against, while the knowledge of Indian languages is not giver much importance in our country.
Karnataka Board Class 8 History Chapter 12 Solutions
Question 3. Discuss in your class whether Mira Behan was right in her view that science and machinery would create problems for human beings. You may like to think about examples of the effects of industrial pollution and deforestation on the world today.
Answer. Mira Behan was right in her view to some extent The mindless use of technologies’ has created an ecological imbalance and several problems for human race. The increasing pollution and environmental hazards have proved that uncontrolled use of scientific equipment has made it difficult for humans to survive. Most of us live in unhealthy surroundings. However, it is not to say that all developments in science and industry are bad. If development and use of resources is done wisely, we can avoid the degradation of the environment.
India After Independence Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1. What was the population of India in 1947?
Answer. India’s population in 1947 was around 45 million.
Question 2. When was the Constitution of India adopted?
Answer. The Constitution of India was adopted on 26*h January, 1950.
Question 3. What is universal adult franchise?
Answer. It means that all the adult citizens of India are allowed to vote in state and national elections.
Question 4.What is meant by equality before law?
Answer. This principle means that everyone is equal before the eyes of law irrespective of caste, community or religion. There is no discrimination on any basis.
Question 5. How has the powers been divided in India?
Answer. India is a federal country in which power is divided between central and state governments.
Question 6. What is the Union List?
Answer. It is a list of subjects on which only the central government is authorazised to make laws. It includes subjects like taxation, foreign relations as well as posts and telegraph.
Question 7. What is the Concurrent List?
Answer. it is a list of subjects on which both the central and state governments can make laws. In the case of any clash, the decision of the central government will prevail. Forests and agriculture are examples of subjects mentioned in the Concurrent List
Kseeb Class 8 History Chapter 12 Important Questions
Question 8. What do you mean by democracy?
Answer. Democracy means government of the private for the people and by the people. It is a political system in which power lies in the hands of the people.
Question 9. What is a mixed economy?
Answer. That economy in which both the private and the public sectors co-exist is known as a mixed economy.
Question 10. What do you mean by a republic?
Answer. A republican form of government is that where the head of the state is directly or indirectly elected by the people. In a republic, the citizens have some fundamental rights and the government functions according to a body of rules.
India After Independence Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1. How was the Indian Constitution drafted?
Answer. The Constituent Assembly was formed in July 1946 and it set up a Drafting Committee under the chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. Between December 1946 and November 1949, three hundred Indians met several times to prepare the draft of the Constitution. These meetings were attended by individuals across India from different political parties. Laves existing in other parts of the world were also referred to. The discussions finally resulted in the framing of the Constitution, which was adopted on 26th January, 1950.
Question 2. How did the Constitution make provisions for the lower castes?
Answer. Our Constitution has offered special privileges for the people belonging to lower castes. The practice of untouchability was abolished. The government also reserved a certain number’ of seats in legislature and government jobs. Several other provisions were given to the people from socially disadvantaged communities.
Question 3. What do you mean by social democracy?
Answer. Social democracy means that all the people living in the society are equal. People should not be discriminated on the basis of caste, religion, color and sex. All the people should have equal opportunities to develop their personalities. Everyone has the right to use public places, religious centers and places of entertainment. The state should not support untouchability and the interests of the minorities should be safeguarded. The Right to Equality before law is mentioned in the Articles 14-18 of the Constitution.
Kseeb 8th Standard History Chapter 12 Textbook Solutions
Question 4. How did Andhra Pradesh come into existence?
Answer. In 1920s, the Congress had declared that states would be divided in Independent India on linguistic basis. After Independence, when the political leaders saw no development in this direction, they strongly reacted. Potti Sriramulu went on a hunger strike in October 1952 demanding the formation of Andhra. He died after fasting for 58 days. After his death, there were widespread bandhs and hartals. The government was forced to accept this demand. Andhra Pradesh was made out of Madras Presidency as a separate state in independent India on 1st October, 1953.
Question 5. What was the focus of the Second Five Year Plan?
Answer. The Second Five Year Plan focused on the development of heavy industry in India, Large number of iron and steel industries were established. These basic industries would be regulated by the government The Plan was formulated in 1956 which also provided for construction of several dams across the country. It was important in shaping the economically of India in the coming years.
India After Independence Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1. What are the main features of the Constitution of India?
Answer. The main features of the Constitution of India are given as follows:
- The Constitution of India provides for a federal structure of governance. The subjects are divided between the Centre and the states. Also, it provides for an independent judiciary and a bicameral legislature (consisting of two houses).
- Universal adult franchise is another important feature of the Constitution of India. It means that any Indian citizen above the age of 18 has the right to vote in the elections.
- It guarantees equality before law to all the citizens. It means that all the citizens of the country are equal before law irrespective of their caste, creed, color, race, sex, etc.
- It gives special privileges to poor and the disadvantaged sections of the society. They are given special privileges like reservations to uplift their social status.
Question 2. Enlist some problems faced by India after Independence and Partition.
Answer. After Independence, India faced certain problems as mentioned below:
- Due to the Partition, lakhs of people left their homes on both the sides. Around 8 million refugees came to India from Pakistan. The-e were problems of food supply, housing facilities and rehabilitation of new occupants.
- There were about 562 Princely States in India at the time of Independence. It was a major challenge to persuade them to join the Indian Union.
- At the time of Independence, Indian society was divided into several castes, sub-castes, communities, sects and religious groups. There was a problem to keep these people united in the newly independent country.
- After’ Independence, there was a need to develop the country and its economy, which was ruined by the colonial government. The masses had to be freed from poverty, which was only possible through promoting industries and increasing agricultural output.
Class 8 History Chapter 12 India After Independence Kseeb
Question 3. Discuss the distribution of powers in Indian Federalism.
Answer . The Constitution of India distributed the powers between the Centre and the states. There are
three Lists of subjects on which the Centre and states can make laws:
- The Union List: There are 97 subjects n the Union List. Only the union government can make laws on these subjects. Railways, posts and telegraph, coinage and currency, difference and j foreign affairs are some subjects included in the Union List The laws framed are applicable to j all the states and citizens equally.
- The State List: There are 66 subjects in this list The state governments can make laws on these subjects. Agriculture, public works and police are included in the State List.
- The Concurrent List: There are 47 subjects in the Concurrent List On these subjects, both the Centre and the states can make laws. In case of a disagreement, the decision of the union government shall prevail.
The Residuary powers have been given to the central government in the Constitution.
Important Questions For KSEEB Class 8 History Chapter 12
Question 4. “A huge division persists in Indian society over the last sixty six years”. Elaborate?
Answer. The Constitution of India laid down that all citizens are equal. However, in reality, differences and inequalities exist at many levels in our society. There is a sharp difference between the urban and rural areas. Some parts of the country are more developed than the others. A few Indians are very rich, while millions live below the poverty line. Thousands of people do not have shelter or enough food to eat. The gap between the rich and the poor classes is very wide.
Besides, caste and communal differences still plague the Indian society. The lower castes are discriminated against on a daily basis in every sphere of the society. People from different religious groups often clash with each other. There are differences among the people on the basis of region, language and ethnic background. Hence, we can say that differences still exist in the Indian society, ever after decades of Independence.
India After Independence Hots Corner
Question 1. Why did newly independent India have to adopt a new political system?
Answer. The newly independent nation of India had to adopt a new political system because the colonial rule had come to an end. It had to fulfill the hopes and expectations of a huge population. Hence, a viable political system was needed to govern the country.
Question 2. How was the practice of untouchability abolished?
Answer. The practice of untouchability was abolished through a law called The Untouchability Offence Act* passed in 1955. According to this law, anyone practicing untouchability will either be imprisond or fined.
Question 3. What were the recommendations of the States Reorganization Commission?
Answer. The States Reorganization Commission submitted its detailed report in 1956. It suggested the redrawing of district and provincial boundaries on the basis of linguistic differences. As such, states in India should be carved out accordingly.
Kseeb Class 8 History Chapter 12 India After Independence Question Answers
Question4. What were the problems faced by people in urban and rural areas at the time of Independence?
Answer.
- Most of the Indian population lived in the villages at the time of Independence. Peasants and farmers were highly dependent upon monsoon rains for growth of their crops. There were no proper irrigation facilities or other means of development available to the farmers. Most of the farmers were under heavy debts.
- In the urban areas, the workers lived in overcrowded slums and they had no provisions of health and education. The cities were not well equipped for the growing population to live comfortably.
India After Independence Miscellaneous Questions
A. Multiple Choice Questions
Tick the correct option from the choices provided:
Question 1. The Constituent Assembly of India started to prepare the new Constitution in
(a)July 1946
(b)Dec 1946
(c)Aug 1947
(d)Jan 1950
Answer. (a) July 1946
Question 6. Which of these problems were faced by newly independent India?
(a)Problem of refugees
(b)Problem of division of society
(c)Problem of development
(d)All of these
Answer. (d) All of these
Question 7. Which of these subjects is kept in the Union List?
(a)Currency
(b)Difference
(c)Foreign affairs
(d)All of these
Answer. (d) All of these
Question 8. Which of the following subjects is mentioned in the State List?
(a)Medical
(b)Police
(c)Local bodies
(d)All of these
Answer. (d) All of these
Kseeb Class 8 Social Science Chapter 12 India After Independence Exercise Answers
Question 9. At the time of Independence, a majority of Indians lived in_____
(a)Villages
(b)Towns
(c)Cities
(d)Buildings
Answer. (a) Villages
India After Independence B. True or False
State whether the following statements are true or false:
1. On 1st October, 1953, Andhra Pradesh came into being.
Answer. True
2. (Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of the Drafting Committee of the Constitution.
Answer. True
3. The Constituent Assembly was set up in July 1946.
Answer. True
Karnataka Class 8 Social Science Chapter 12 India After Independence Solutions
4. On 26th November, 1947, the Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly.
Answer. False
5. India became independent on 15th August, 1951.
Answer. False
6. About 8 million refugees came to India during Partition.
Answer. True
7. There were 562 Princely States in India in 1947.
Answer. True
8. The Second Five Year Plan was formulated in 1956.
Answer. True
India After Independence B. Picture Interpretation
Question 1 See picture (i) and identify his role in the Indian politics.
Answer. It is a picture of an Indian political leader named Potti Sriramulu. He led a powerful struggle and sacrificed his life which resulted in the formation of the state of Andhra Pradesh.
Kseeb Class 8 History Chapter 12 Summary And Notes
Question 2. See picture (ii) and identify his role in nation building.
Answer. The picture is of Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. He played a significant role in the Indian freedom struggle. He was the first Hone Minister of India. He took the challenging task of uniting all Princely States into the Indian Union.
