KSEEB Solutions for Class 8 History Chapter 8 Civilising The Native, Educating The Nation Textbook Questions
Question 1 Match the following:
William Jones promotion of English education
Rabindranath Tagore respect for ancient cultures gurus
Thomas Macaulay learning in a natural environment
Mahatma Gandhi critical of English education
Pathshalas
Answer.
William Jones respect for ancient cultures
Rabindranath Tagore learning in a natural environment
Thomas Macaulay promotion of English education
Mahatma Gandhi critical of English education gurus
Pathshalas
Question 2 State whether true or false:
(a) James Mill was a severe critic of the Orientalists.
(b) The 1854 Despatch on education was in favor of English being introduced as a medium of higher education in India.
(c) Mahatma Gandhi thought that promotaion of literacy was the most important aim of education.
(d) Rabindranath Tagore felt that children ought to be subjected to strict discipline.
Answer. (a) True (b) True (c) False (d) False
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Question 3 Why did William Jones feel the need to study Indian history, philosophy and law?
Answer. William Jones had great respect for ancient Indian culture. According to him, the glory that Indian civilisation had attained in the past was declining. He was of the view that if one wants to understand India, the discovery of sacred and legal texts of Indian culture are necessary as these texts are able to describe the actual ideas and laws of various ancient religions. The study of these texts is the only way of forming the basis of future development in India. By this way, the Indians will get to rediscover their own n heritage and gain information about the lost glories of their past.
Question 4 Why did James Mill and Thomas Macaulay think that European education was essential in India?
Answer. Both James Mill and Thomas Macaulay thought that European education was essential in India because Oriental education that prevailed in India was impractical and useless. They were of the view that Eastern knowledge was inferior to English education. According to them, scientific and technical education should be provided to Indians rather than poetry and sacred literature of the Orient Macaulay felt that, in order to civilise Indians, Western education should be imparted for making them aware of the developments in Western sciences and philosophy.
Question 5 Why did Mahatma Gandhi want to teach ch Idren handicrafts?
Answer. Mahatma Gandhi was of the view that Western education lacked practicality and focussed more on written knowledge. Western education did not provide live experience and practical knowledge. According to him, education should develop the mind and soul of a person. For a person to be literate, he should not only know’ how to read and write but should also know a craft. People should leam to work with their hands and understand how different things operate. This would, in turn, help in the development of their minds and give practical knowledge.
Question 6 Why did Mahatma Gandhi think that English education had enslaved Indians?
Answer. Mahatma Gandhi believed that Western education was making Indians feel inferior from the others. Western civilisation was considered superior than Indian education which made Indians look down upon their own culture. Due to this, the Indians started admiring the Western system of education.
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Civilizing The Native, Educating the Nation Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1 Why did the British come to India?
Answer. The British came to India for trading as well as establish monopoly in the Indian markets.
Question 2 When and why did William Jones come to India?
Answer. William Jones came to India in 1783. He was appointed as a junior judge at the Supreme Court which was set up by the East India Company.
Question 3 What did William Jones discover in Calcutta?
Answer. In Calcutta, William Jones discovered that he as well as many other British officials shared the common interests of discovering Indian heritage, mastering Indian languages and translating Persian and Sanskrit works into their own language.
Question 4 Which society was set up and journal started by William Jones?
Answer. William Jones, along with Henry Thomas Colesrooke, started the Asiatic Society of Bengal. They also started a journal known as the Asi’otick Reseomes.
Question 5 Who were the Orientalists?
Answer. The Orientalists were those individuals who were scholars of languages and cultures of Asia.
Question 6 Why did the British officials, from early 19th century, start to criticise the Orientalist vision of learning?
Answer. From the early 19th century, the Orientalist vision of learning was criticised by the British officials as they considered the Eastern system of education as impractical and full of errors.
Question 7 What was decided in the English Education Act of 1835?
Answer. Through this Act, English was made the medium of instruction in higher education and the promotion of Oriental institutions such as Calcutta, Madras and Benaras Sanskrit Colleges was prohibited.
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Question 8 What was the Wood’s Despatch?
Answer. In 1854, an educational despatch was sent by the Company’s Court of Directors in London to the Governor-General of India. Charles Wood, the President of Board of Control of the Company issued this despatch and therefore, it was known as Wood’s Despatch.
Question 9 Where were universities established in 1857 C.E.?
Answer. In 1857 c.E, universities were being established in Madras, Calcutta and Bombay.
Question 10 How did the Company decide to improve the system of vernacular education?
Answer. The Company was of the view that certain improvements could be made in vernacular education through the introduction of order within the system, imposing routines, establishing rules and through constant inspections.
Question 11 What was the focus of Western education according to Mahatma Gandhi?
Answer. Mahatma Gandhi was of the opinion that Western education was mainly focussed on reading and writing and lacked live experience and practical knowledge.
Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1 Which particular attitude did William Jones and Thomas Colebrooke represent towards India?
Answer. William Jones and Thomas Colebrooke shared great respect for ancient cultures of both India and the West. They were of the view that Indian civilisation in the ancient past had achieved a lot of glory which was declining. They considered understanding of India’s ancient sacred texts and rules as the only way of bringing its lost glory back By studying these texts, the actual ideas of different religions could be understood through which future development of India was possible.
Question 2 What did the Company officials think about Jones and Colebrooke’s ideas?
Answer.
- Several Company officials considered the ideas of Jones and Colebrooke to promote Indian culture instead of western learning to be appropriate.
- According to them, establishment of different institutions that promote the study of old Indian texts and teach Sanskrit and Persian literature and poetry should be fulfilled.
- These officials were of the opinion that ideas that people of the country were familiar with should be taught rather than those alien to them. Through this method, the British could earn respect and gain importance among the Indians.
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Question 3 What were the views of James Mill about the Orientalists?
Answer.
- James Mill blatantly criticised the Orientalist system of learning. According to him, Indians should not be educated by the British according to traditional system just for the sake of earning a place in their hearts.
- Teaching useful and practical things should be the main aim of education. James Mill opined that scientific and technical advances achieved by the West should be taught to the Indians rather than poetry and sacred literature.
Question 4 How can you say that Thomas Babington Macaulay was a critic of the Orientalists?
Answer.
- By 1830s, attacks on the Orientalists increased. Thomas Babington Macaulay was one of the most influential critics of those times. He considered India as an uncivilised country that should be civilised. Western knowledge, according to him, was far superior and advanced than the Oriental knowledge.
- Macaulay stated that, “a single shelf of a good European library was worth the whole native literature of India and Arabia.” He urged the British Government in India not to waste public money to promote Oriental learning.
Question 5 On what subject did the Wood’s Despatch emphasise?
Answer.
- Wood’s Despatch emphasised that the moral character of Indians can be improved through European learning. It would help the Company in obtaining honest and trustworthy civil servants,
- It emphasised that a sense of duty and commitment cannot be inculcated in the Indians as the Eastern literature was full of errors. The skills necessary for administration cannot be developed through Oriental learning.
Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1 What was the report of William Adam about education in vernacular schools?
Answer. The report of William Adam about education in vernacular schools consisted of the following:
- He found that Bengal and Bihar together had a total of more than I lakh pathshalas which were :
small schools of 20 students in each unit Such institutions were established with the help of rich people as well as local community. - It was a flexible system of education having no printed books, fixed fees, school buildings,
blackboards, benches/cha rs, regular time tables, roll-call registers or annual exams. - Classes at many places were held under the trees, in comers of a village, or even in a temple or at the guru’s house.
- Income of the parents decided the fees of their ward. The rich had to pay higher fees than the poor. Teaching was through verbal medium and the guru decided what has to be taught
- Students sat together and the teacher interacted with groups of children having different levels j of learning separately.
- Such a flexible system was tailored to meet the local needs due to which children belonging to j the peasant families were able to study.
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Question 2 What measures did the East India Company undertake to introduce a new system of education?
Answer. After 1854, the Company decided to introduce certain measures to establish a new system of education and these were:
- The Company hired many government pend’ts to look after all schools. A single pandit was given the charge of 4 to 5 schools. It was the responsibility of all pandits to visit every pathshala and take initiatives for improving the standard of teaching.
- Periodic reports were to be submitted by the teachers (gurus) and timetables were put to place. Textbooks were introduced and annual examinations were held to test the learning ability of the students.
- Regular fee system was imposed upon students who had to attend regular classes, sit on fixed seats and obey the new rules of discipline
- Only those schools that accepted these new rules received government grants.
- Gurus retaining their independence had a hard time competing with the patbsho/os aided and regulated by the government.
Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation Hots Corner
Question 1 What were the ideas about education from the early 19th century?
Answer. From the early 19th century, thinkers and scholars from all over the country felt that education needed to be spread among the masses. Impressed by the development of education in Europe, they were of the view that modernisation of India was possible only through western education. Some Indians even urged the colonial government to open more schools, colleges and universities and spend more money on education. But some people such as Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi were against the system of Western education.
Question 2 What did Mahatma Gandhi strongly feel about Indian languages?
Answer. Making Indian languages as the medium of teaching was a strong belief of Mahatma Gandhi. He felt that the Western style of education has made Indians feel inferior about their own culture. It has made Indians alien to their own social surroundings and country’ in general. Indians educated ; through Western learning despise their local culture and hardly know about the general masses,
Question 3 State the differences between Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi’s ideas about education.
Answer. Gandhiji was highly critical abo Jt western civilisation and the worship of machines and technology, j Tagore wanted to combine the elements of Western and Indian civilisations to get the best out of j both the systems. Science and technology were also given importance at Shantiniketan along with art, music and dance.
Question 4 What was Tagore’s motive behind setting up Shantiniketan?
Answer.
- Tagore wanted to establish a school which provided a free and creative environment where the child was happy.
- According to him, childhood was a time of self-learning. He was against the rigid and strict discipline of the English schooling system.
- For providing a natural environment to the children to develop creative learning, he set up Shantiniketan which was 100 kms away from Calcutta.
Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation Miscellaneous Questions
A.Multiple Choice Questions
Tick the correct option from the choices provided:
Question 1 When did William Jones arrive in Calcutta?
(a) 1783
(b) 1793
(c) 1787
(d) 1797
Answer. (a) 1783
Question 2 Who was appointed as a junior judge of the Supreme Court of Calcutta?
(a) Thomas Macaulay
(b) Thomas Colebrooke
(c) William Jones
(d) Nathaniel Halhed
Answer. (c) William Jones
Kseeb Class 8 History Chapter 8 Important Questions And Answers
Question 3 Which of these languages did William Jones know?
(a) Greek
(b) Persian
(c) Latin
(d) All of these
Answer. (d) All of these
Question 4 When and where was a madrasa set up?
(a) 1779, Bombay
(b) 1781, Calcutta
(c) 1780, Benaras
(d) l79l,Benaras
Answer. (b) 1781, Calcutta
Question 5 When was the Hindu College established in Benaras?
(a) 1791
(b) 1785
(c) 1781
(d) 1790
Answer. (a) 1791
Question 6 Which one of these apposed the Orientalists?
(a) William Jones
(b) Thomas Colebrooke
(c) James Mill
(d) Nathaniel Halhed
Answer. (c) James Mill
Question 7Who saw India as an uncivilised country that needed to be civilised?
(a) James Mill
(b) Thomas Macaulay
(c) William Jones
(d) Thomas Colebrooke
Answer. (b) Thomas Macaulay
Question 8 When was the English Education Act introduced?
(a) 1854
(c) 1839
(b) 1840
(d) 1835
Answer. (d) 1835
Question 9 Which educational despatch was sent to the Governor-General of Ind
(a) Wood’s Despatch
(b) Macaula/s Despatch
(c) Mill’s Despatch
(d) Jones’ Despatch
Answer. (a) Wood’s Despatch
Civilising The Native Educating The Nation Class 8 Questions And Answers Kseeb
Question 10 Who founded Shantiniketan in 1901?
(a) Mahatma Gandhi
(b) William Carey
(c) Rabindranath Tagore
(d) British Government
Answer. (b) Thomas Macaulay
Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation B.Match the Following
Find and write the correct options from the given below columns:
Answer. 1. (d) 2. (e) 3. (a) 4. (b) 5. (c)
Civilising the “Native”, Educating the Nation C.Picture Interpretation
Look carefully at the given picture and answer the following questions:
- Which great personalities can be seen in the given picture?
- What differences were there among the views of Mahatma Gandhi and Rabindranath Tagore regarding education?
Answer.
- In this picture, Mahatma Gandhi and Kar.urba Gandhi are sitting with Rabindranath Tagore.
- Mahatma Gandhi was of the view that English education has enslaved Indians. It has brought inferiority in the minds of Indians.
Tagore was of the view that Western as well as Indian education systems should be combined to get the best out of both systems. Science and technology were also given importance at Shantiniketan along with art, music and dance